...Assess the significance of war in influencing the transformation of approaches to medical treatment and surgery in the period 1870-1990 Throughout 1870-1990, warfare played a crucial role in transforming approaches to medical treatment and surgery as it; prompted more government responsibility in healthcare, innovated technological developments in medicine such as the establishment of blood transfusion services, contributed to individual breakthroughs by catalysing the development, and mass-production of penicillin. However, there's an ongoing historical debate regarding the significance of other factors' influence in transforming approaches to medical treatment and surgery. Other factors include; individuals who used their scientific knowledge to develop new medical treatment and surgical treatments, and the role of the government in enhancing healthcare in Britain. The effects of war were prevalent as early as the Second Boer War; which exposed inadequacies within the healthcare system, instigating increased government awareness towards poor health. Henry Hyndman suggested up to 50% of volunteers were unfit and in Manchester, 8,000 out of the 11,000 who volunteered for the army were rejected as they were physically unsuitable. The public's poor health hindered recruitment for the Boer War alarmed the government. This forced them to respond by establishing the inter-department Committee on Physical Deterioration; which highlighted nutrition as an indicator of the public's...
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...implies, is through the visual self. This is supported by Thesander’s (1997) assertion that “the most characteristic aspect of fashion is its ability to transform objects into symbols. Clothes are transformed into fashion garments and the body becomes the fashion body.” (67) In this essay, I will discuss, using various readings, about how women’s bodies are moulded by society and how it shifts with the current ideals of beauty. I will also elaborate on how the body is used as a shell to depict what the inside holds, in other words, the identity of the being residing in it. I will use Michel Foucault’s theories to explain how the body is affected by the subjection of discipline and examination. Then, I will use the concept of cosmetic surgery to show how the body is an ongoing project to be worked on, and how its participants employ it as a tool to improve their image, thus their perception of self-identity. The first part of this essay discusses how bodies existing within societies are obliged to conform to social expectations. While being a surface upon which the text of one’s identity is read, it is also obliged to live up to the archetype of beauty, therefore, it is a...
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...: Cosmetic surgery on teeangers 1. Both texts do in fact seem to agree in general on the view on cosmetic surgery and query the idea of increased self-esteem. Even though text 1, “Plastic surgery for teens” by Valerie Ulene, focuses more on the surgery and text 2 more on image and self-esteem, they do to some degree share the same angle, problematizing the image issues of teens and the consequences of surgery. The president of the National Research Center for Women and Families, Diane Zuckerman, does for example appear in both articles, due to her relation to the issues. In the first article by Valerie Ulene, she emphasizes the problems of the modern world’s view on beauty and the culture of unrealistic ideals. This is in her opinion one of the primary issues in this topic, and she does as well refer to a study that shows no evidence of improving self-esteem after surgery. Valerie Ulene is querying the surgeons herself, but does refer to the president of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Dr. John Canedy, who seems to have a critical view as well on cosmetic surgery among teens, but doesn’t exclude the possibility of improved self-esteem. By this it is crucial in Canedy’s view that the surgeons select the patients carefully. Text 2, “Seeking Self-Esteem through Sugery” by Camille Sweeney does, as mentioned before, also focus on the beauty issues of the modern society and “a culture of celebrity obsession and makeover TV shows”. This is among others expressed through...
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...expertly portrays the pressure placed on people in modern society to conform to impossible standards of beauty. Melanie Martinez is a 20 year old singer and songwriter who uses emotive language to convey meaning through her songs, generally associated with a certain topic. The topic of the chosen song is currently of importance due to the large role appearance has today. The title of the song refers to a renowned child’s toy with exchangeable parts, as the intention is to resemble body modification procedures, such as plastic surgery. The language harshly reminds listeners of the importance set by others to be attractive. This is especially evident from the lyric, ‘No one will love you if you're unattractive,’ which implies that appearances are of high importance in modern views, and that other aspects are irrelevant if the person in question is not ‘pretty enough.’ ‘Mrs. Potato Head’ also reveals that relationships built on appearance are fragile, as portrayed with the lyric directed to the husband in this scenario, ‘Do you swear you'll stay forever, Even if her face don't stay together.’ This also links with the impermanence of beauty, and reveals that even plastic surgery does not last....
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...1. Define biopolymers A biopolymer is a polymer (small identical molecules which form a large molecule) that is made totally or in large part by living organisms. 2. Explain the importance of developing biopolymers as alternatives to traditional polymers. Petroleum-based polymers are non-biodegradable and so they do not decompose naturally by microorganisms but biopolymers are biodegradable and can decompose naturally. This means biopolymers reduce the negative impact on the environment by reducing the amount of synthetic polymers, such as those made into plastics, in landfill which can cause damage to wildlife by choking or suffocating them. Biopolymers also reduce the financial burden of waste management for cities. The development of...
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...Section 1-2 Ex. 26 Surgery vs. Splints – A study compared surgery and splinting for subjects suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome. It was found that among 73 patients treated with surgery, there was a 92% success rate. Among 83 patients treated with splints, there was a 72% success rate. Calculations using these results showed that if there really is no difference in success rates between surgery and splints, then there is about a 1 in 1000 chance of getting success rates like the one obtained in this study. a. Should we conclude that surgery is better than splints for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome? It would be unfair to make such a conclusion. There are pieces of data missing: age of the patients, current health conditions of the patients, and prior treatments the patients had for this condition. b. Does the result have practical significance? The study did not generate enough viable results to make it practical for any use other than to ensure that a greater investigation should be conducted to verify the differences between the two treatment methods. These results were most likely voluntary responses, making the data gained, fairly useless. c. Should surgery be the recommended treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome? No, there is no defined level of severity for each patient. Without that information a logical recommendation for treatment cannot be assigned. Section 1-3 Ex. 30 Cloning Survey – A Gallup poll of 1012 randomly surveyed adults found that...
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... which can be seen on X- Ray. Other radiological features include subchondral cysts, sclerosis and osteophytes. THR was the surgical procedure of choice in this case. It is estimated that roughly 85% of patients who undergo THR have a diagnosis of OA, however patients with inflammatory arthritis, such as Rheumatoid Arthritis and seronegative arthritides may also be candidates for the procedure. The indications for surgery are pain, functional limitation, stiffness and radiological changes. The procedure involves replacing the femoral head with a metal ball, which is secured with an intramedullary stem. A plastic cup replaces the damaged acetabulum, which articulates with the metal ball. The stem may be cemented or uncemented and there is on-going debate as to which is...
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...Assignment 1: Reality or Hunger For Fame Reality Television: Consequences of Reality T.V on Society Reality television has become increasingly more popular and appears to be taking over the entertainment business. Psychologist Lawrence Rubin seems to think it all goes back to Aristotle and “The notion of being drawn to drama and tragedy” (Kinon, 2009). The viewer receives a false sense of “real life” and disconnects from their own “real life” by diving into someone else's. The effects that these television shows have on society as a whole can be positive or negative, depending on the message the show depicts. Shows such as “Jersey Shore”, “16 and Pregnant”, and “Dr. 90210” are a huge success to MTV, but could be considered detrimental to society by painting distorted pictures of reality in the viewer’s mind. Shows including “Extreme Home Makeover”, “Undercover Boss”, and “American Idol” can be considered to have a positive affect on society. These programs report the positive stories of the average, everyday person, inspiring the viewer. These shows reward well-mannered people doing amazing things around their community rather than rewarding poor behavior that is unacceptable to the everyday norms of our society. This discussion will convey the negative effects of reality television programs as well as the positive effects these programs have on society as a whole. We will also examine the steps marketers can do to take advantage of the high ratings of these reality...
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...Critical thinking about “Health case for letting doctors judge teen’s best interests” From Student’s name: Student’s ID: Lecture’s name: Subject number: Submit date: Introduction Dr Dominic Wilkinson, who is a pediatrician and bioethicist, is from University of Oxford, which published an article at The Age regarding issue about “doctors judge teens’ best interests on healthy issues”. Dr Wilkinson provided few examples about whether we should respect teenagers and adolescents medical decisions against their best interest. He also provided few steps to help parents if their children making improperly medical decisions that would threaten their best interest. In the following critical thinking essay, it will analysis the major topic that Dr Wilkinson mentioned and provided two sides evaluations, including strengths and fallacies in the article. Analysis Main arguments Based on analyzing the major topic about “Healthy case for letting doctors judge teen’s best interests”, Dr Wilkinson believed that we should respect adolescents’ medical decisions if it towards to their best interests. On the contrast, if their final decision is deemed as wrong, then the parents should decide what is the best for their child or teenager for long-term wellbeing. Therefore, the paternalism still exists in medicine and we should resist the trend to allow them control over medical decisions if their children made wrong decisions that put threats to their healthy issues (Wilkinson, 2008)...
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...Civilizations have had many achievements, but downfalls as well. Golden ages have occurred for centuries. Golden ages are times of peace and prosperity. Rome and India have made large impacts in helping the world. Pax Romana and the Gupta Golden Age led to major successes and influences. Pax Romana was a time of great accomplishment in Rome. It was a period of peace, as Pax Romana means ‘Roman Peace’. Lasting 200 years, it began with Emperor Augustus and came to a close after Marcus Aurelius. During this time, peace, unity, order, and prosperity flourished. Romans brought Greek concepts into their own ways. This included the use of columns, such as Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Other architectural achievements include the use of...
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...Through the movie Killing Us Softly 3, Jean kilbourne has given an interesting perspective in portraying to us what it means to be a woman according to the image we see in the media. She makes the argument that although it appears that women in this day and era have acquired power, it is a false sense of achievement and very short lived. She has dissected and discussed how the media and advertising companies have evolved in the last 20 years. Advertising is more a part of our lives today than it has ever been. In fact, advertising today has become a serious business with profits nearing 180 billion dollars a year, something that we all agree should be taken seriously. Consumers get bombarded by approximately 3000 ads per day and it has been estimated that the average consumers spends on average 3 years of their life watching just ads alone. No wonder that advertising is the foundation of the mass media. The problem that she points out is that while advertising is selling products it also perpetuates the ideas, values, beauty, and notions of love and happiness and, to a certain extent, the idea or concept of normalcy. This is the area that I personally have a problem with, since it also subliminally imposes on how to act, react and worst of all, be. How does advertising cause that effect? How can it be so powerful? It starts by surrounding you with what it means to be beautiful, by creating or suggesting a false sense of beauty and making you feel diminished, not worthy and shameful...
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...were no restrictions on travel in Europe, people visited neighboring countries in order to improve their health. At first, mere traveling was considered to be a good therapy for mental and physical well-being. In the 21st century, relatively low-cost jet travel has taken the industry beyond the wealthy and desperate. Later, mostly wealthy people began traveling to tourist destinations like the Swiss lakes, the Alps and special tuberculosis sanatoriums, where professional and often specialized medical care was offered. In this century, however, medical tourism expanded to a much larger scale. Thailand, followed by India, Puerto-Rico, Argentina, Cuba and others quickly became the most popular destinations for medical tourists. Complicated surgeries and dental works, kidney dialysis, organ transplantation and sex changes, topped the list of the most popular procedures. It was estimated that in 2002, six hundred thousand medical tourists came to Bangkok and Phuket medical centers in Thailand, while approximately one hundred and fifty thousand foreign patients visited India during that time. From Neolithic and Bronze age wherein people used to visit neighboring countries for Minerals and Hot Springs , Today we have reached the era where Hospitals are more like Spas and Spas more like hospitals. Introduction to Medical Tourism Medical tourism is...
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...and profits. Take Kristen of River Edge, New Jersey, just like most girls at the age of 15 “she started to develop curves; she was disappointed that breasts did not follow” (Sweeney). Girls rose in a culture of celebrity obsession and makeover TV shows believe that a “shapely bust line” and a thin body will let them have it all. Women who are insecure about their bodies are more likely to invest in beauty products, new clothes, diet aids, and plastic surgery. It is estimated that the diet industry alone is worth 40 to 100 billion a year selling temporary weight loss, 90 to 95% of dieters regain the lost weight (BBC). American Society for Aesthetic Plastic surgery shows that the number of operations performed on 18 or younger have more than tripled over a 10 year period from 59,890 in 1997 to 205,119 in 2007 (Sweeney). On the other hand, research indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodies is linked to depression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habits and cosmetic surgery in women and girls. The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related Eating Disorders, Inc. says that one out of every four college-aged women uses...
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...Stem cells: What they are and what they do Researchers believe stem cells offer great promise for new medical treatments. Learn about stem cell types, current and possible uses, ethical issues and the state of research. By Mayo Clinic staff You've heard about stem cells in the news, and perhaps you've wondered if they might help you or a loved one with a serious disease. You may wonder what stem cells are, how they're being used to treat disease and injury, and why they're the subject of such vigorous debate. Here are some answers to frequently asked questions about stem cells. Why is there such an interest in stem cells? Researchers hope stem cell studies can help to: * Increase understanding of how diseases occur. By watching stem cells mature into cells that eventually become bones, heart muscle, nerve cells, and other organs and tissue, researchers and doctors may better understand how a variety of diseases and conditions develop. * Generate healthy cells to replace diseased cells (regenerative medicine). Researchers hope they can train stem cells into becoming specific cells so that those specialized cells can be used to regenerate and repair diseased or damaged tissues in people. People who might benefit from stem cell therapies include those with spinal cord injuries, type 1 diabetes, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, stroke, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and multiple sclerosis. Stem cells could also be grown to become new...
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...| Health Care Communication Methods | HCS/320 | | 10/8/2014 | As the health care communications coordinator for Allen’s National Drug Company LLC, it is of top priority to discuss the national reports of significant negative effects caused by one of our drugs. This drug happens to be prescribed to a significant number of the population. This story came to light when an individual whom is well known to the public has suffered negative side effects of this drug. We will now discuss and brainstorm all of the possible ways to notify the public of this scare with great consideration of patient privacy and HIPAA regulations. We will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using different social media outlets and traditional media methods. We will also be discussing the effects of HIPAA and other regulations on the use of these media for communication with the public. There are many advantages of using traditional media methods such as the local news paper to inform the public of these alleged adverse side effects of this drug. The biggest advantage of using traditional media methods is there is going to be a paper trail of our communication to the public and addressing the public’s concerns. With that form of communication the public is going to see the company making the effort to inform the public of this possible scare, and any precautions the public might need to take, as well as a solution the company might have came up with. Other advantages...
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