...to all, although usually daughters replace their mothers as members of local Apatampa ensembles. Although Apatampa started as an ensemble, played by only females, males joined when they were recruited to play the instruments used in the ensemble. Instrumental set up: castanet, pati, Tamalen (frame drum), Adaka (wooden box). Performance organization: Instrumentalist sit with singers standing behind the instrumentalists. Dancers dance in files. Occasions for performance: Funerals of members, durbars, festivals, etc. ATSIAGBEKOR The dance is performed mostly by the Ewe communities in Ghana. During the period of inter-tribal wars, Agbekor dance was performed to incite people for war. When inter-tribal war subsided Agbekor becomes an object of art and other dances developed out of the Agbekor dance. One of these dances is the Atsiagbekor is performed as an art object which help people to reflect on the tribal wars. Thus, some of the dance pattern depicts war-like movement. Instrumental set up: Atsimevu, Sogo, Laklevi, Kidi, Double bell and a rattle. Performance practice: in the performance setting, the instrumentalists sit in a horse-shoe formation with the singers standing behind them. The lead singer begins the performance by singing an...
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...The Killernet? In Nick Carr’s book; The Shallows: What the Internet is Doing to Our Brains, Carr talks about instrumentalism and how the world views technology. According to both David Sarnoff and James Carey “technology is technology”. This is the most widely held view of technology today that I also agree with. Both Sarnoff and Carey downplay technology and argue compelling arguments against the over exaggerated power people give to it. In Carr’s book, instrumentalists are described as “the people who, like David Sarnoff, downplay the power of technology, believing tools to be neutral artifacts, entirely subservient to the conscious wishes of their users.” The name instrumentalist itself describes their view; that technology is just an instrument used to help one exceed in their abilities. There is also historic evidence that points to the instrumentalist’s outlook. For example; the Japanese preserved their traditional samurai culture by banning the use of firearms in their country for two centuries and this proved to be affective! Another example used in Carr’s book is North America. The religious community for the Amish rejected the use of motor cars and other modern technologies. It seems all throughout history many different cultures have shied away or put some kind of restrictions on the use of certain tools. It all is not a foreign concept and has proved successful. So why should it be any different in this case, we are not any better than our ancestors or our history...
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...APA: Formatting Rules, Informational Sites, & Example Reference List The following sections offer formatting rules for a Reference List page, URLs for web sites with more information about APA documentation, and an example APA reference list using entries from the "APA Citation Rules & Examples" page by Tarleton Libraries. APA REFERENCE LIST FORMATTING RULES An APA reference list is formatted as follows: Sources used in preparing your paper must appear in the reference list, and all entries in the reference list must be cited in your paper. Make sure the entries match. o Note: APA rules exclude some source types from reference lists. For example, communications like personal interviews and letters do not provide recoverable data. Therefore, they would be cited in a paper, but excluded from the reference list. Check the APA manual for additional information. See the APA handbook for rules about listing works you read, but did not use. Put the reference list at the end of the paper. Start the reference list on its own page. Put the page number in the upper right-hand corner, at least one inch from the right-hand edge of the paper and between the top edge of the paper and the first line of text. Title the page References (or Reference if there is only one entry). Do not underline or italicize the title. Do not put it in quotation marks. Center the title on the top margin (usually an inch from the top of the page). Double space the entries...
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...The extreme nationalism seen in Russia today, with its strong Anti-West, Anti-market sentiments, did not arise overnight. Instead, Brudny argues that the beginning of this rise in nationalism can be traced back to the 1950s. Currently, there are two major approaches to interpreting the rise of nationalism: the primordial and instrumentalist approaches. The primordial approach argues that nationalism had always existed and was inevitable, but was suppressed during the communist years. The rise of democracy allowed for the expression of these nationalist feelings. Yet, this approach does not explain why some movements were more successful than others. The instrumentalist approach does not believe that the rise of nationalism is inevitable; instead,...
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...the Chitlin circuit in NYC where the Motown Revue performed for ten days. A music hall in the United States, and the most famous club associated almost exclusively with African-American performers. * Backbeat: extra emphasis on the second and fourth beats in quadruple meter. * Beat: a regular pulse which lasts throughout a piece of music. * Blues: a secular, predominantly black American folk music of the 20th century, which has a history and evolution separate from, but sometimes related to, that of jazz. * Bridge: a contrasting section which also prepares for the return of the original material section. * Call and response: a performance practice in which a singer or instrumentalist makes a musical statement which is answered by another soloist, instrumentalist, or group. * Chitlin’ circuit: the string of performance venues throughout the eastern, southern, and upper mid-west areas of the United States that were safe and acceptable for African American musicians, comedians, and other entertainers to perform in during the age of racial segregation in the United States. * Chord: the simultaneous sounding of different notes to form a unified musical entity. * Cover: a new performance or recording of a contemporary or previously recorded,...
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...Klinghoffer has been involved in music from a very early age as a talented multi-instrumentalist, after having dropped out of formal education at age 15. Klinghoffer's first recording experience came as the instrumentalist of the short lived band, The Bicycle Thief, who were fronted by singer Bob Forrest. In 2000, Klinghoffer and The Bicycle Thief were one of the opening acts on the Red Hot Chili Peppers' support tour for Californication. Klinghoffer was also briefly a member of Forrest's other group, Thelonious Monster, a band that at one point auditioned John Frusciante before he joined the Red Hot Chili Peppers. Klinghoffer is perhaps best known for his work with his friend John Frusciante and has regularly contributed to his solo albums including a joint album titled A Sphere In The Heart Of Silence. Klinghoffer and Frusciante have also collaborated with Joe Lally of Fugazi in 2004 under the name Ataxia. During this short period they played two live shows and released two albums, Automatic Writing and AW II. Despite being released several years apart, these albums were both recorded at the same time. In 2007, Klinghoffer joined the Red Hot Chili Peppers for the later part of the Stadium Arcadium tour as a backing musician where he provided backing vocals, keyboard instruments and a second guitar to the band. On May 8, 2009, Klinghoffer, Anthony Kiedis, Flea, Chad Smith, Ron Wood and Ivan Neville performed under the name The Insects at a MusiCares event to honor Kiedis for...
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...It is a music company that has a plethora of musical options for people to choose from. Bass and Treble offers music lessons, a range of music to buy, instruments, supplies for various instruments, and even a separate lodge for performances, parties, or a just a space to clear their mind. I wanted to create a business like this because I know that music is very important to a lot of people out there. In a recent study, thirty out of the fifty survey takers ranked music as semi to very important in their life. I wanted their to be a music business, not only, open to instrumentalist, but also to singers and other performers. Bass and Treble is something unique. Not all music businesses have so many different options to offer to their...
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...B AC H ’ S P R E L U D E A N D F U G U E I N C M I N O R : A S T U DY O F T H E VA R I O U S E D I T I O N S AVA I L A B L E T O A N A R T I S T There is made available to any serious student of Bach a huge number of editions of the Well-Tempered Clavier. Bach’s WTC has been published in hundreds of different editions over the past century and there is much debate over stylistic interpretation. Bach originally did not provide many directives in his compositions. However, there is a deluge of editions now available to the public with many added musical elements such as dynamics, fingerings, and articulations. This presents an interesting dilemma to those interested in purchasing the work for use. Which edition is appropriate? Which would you tell someone to buy? What follows is an analysis of three editions of Bach’s Prelude and Fugue in c minor from the Well-Tempered Clavier, Book I, in light of these questions. As most choices of editions are made by piano teachers for their students, the edition chosen will aim to be one most appropriate for this demographic. One’s choice of which edition to use lies, in part, with whether one has a predilection for historical accuracy or for embellished interpretations. Bach rarely provided directions for tempo, articulation, dynamics or phrasing, and therefore the addition of these into any edition is a matter of interpretation by the editor based upon informed and professional judgement. Czerny’s 1837 edition is...
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...Technology is a part of our every day lives, everywhere we go we see and use new and pre existing technology. Everyday there is new technology to use and master. However the question we must ask is ‘what is technology?’ Many different philosophers have theorized this question and these philosophers fall under four main categories of thought: technological determinism, instrumentalism, substantivism, and critical theory. The instrumentalist view of technology views technology as merely a tool used and controlled by humans, technology itself has no ends. Technology is completely under human control; humans shape history, not by technology. People decide when to use technology and what to use it for. A large supporter of instrumentalism is Melvin Kranzberg. In his article titled “Technology and History: ‘Kranzberg’s Laws’” Kranzberg identifies and explains his six laws about the nature of technology. The laws are as follows: ‘Technology is neither good nor bad; nor is it neutral’, ‘Invention is the mother of necessity’, ‘Technology comes in packages, big and small’, ‘Nontechnical factors take precedence in technology-policy decisions’, ‘All history is relevant, but the history of technology is the most relevant’, and ‘Technology is a very human activity – and so is the history of technology’. The most important laws are Laws Two, Five and Six, which will be explained further shortly. Kranzberg’s Second law states that ‘Invention is the mother of necessity’. By this, Kranzberg...
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...1. Describe the major premises of the three branches of social process theory – social learning theory, social control theory, and social reaction (labeling) theory? Social learning theories assume that people are born good and learn to be bad; social control theory assumes that people are born bad and must be controlled in order to be good; and social reactions theory assumes that whether good or bad, people are shaped, directed, and influenced by the evaluations of others. 2. Travis Hirschi links the onset of criminality to the weakening of the ties that bind people to society. Identify and discuss the elements of the social bond and how they impede crime. Hirshi links the onset of criminality to weakening of the ties that bind people to society. He assumes that all individuals are potential law violators, but most are kept under control because they fear that illegal behavior ill damage their realationships with friends, family, neighbors, teachers, and employers. Without these social bonds, or ties, a person is free to commit criminal acts. Across all ethnic, religious, racial, and social groups, people whose bond to society is weak may fall prey to criminogenic behavior patterns. Hirschi argues that the social bond a person maintains with society is disvided into four main elements: attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief. 3. Discuss the key points of labeling theory and the consequences of labeling, Include in your discussion...
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...Composer and painter Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951) had a huge impact on the atonal movement of music. He pushed for the emancipation of dissonance, wanting to free himself and other composers from all rules of tonality. One of his collections of musical works is Pierrot Lunaire, op. 21 (1912). Pierrot Lunaire contains twenty-one pieces, each written for a set of twenty-one poems by Albert Giraud also titled Pierrot Lunaire. One of the pieces in Schoenberg’s collection, no. 14, is called “Die Kreuze” or, translated, “The Crosses”. The words of the corresponding poem are translated: Poems are poets’ holy crosses On which they bleed in silence, Struck blind by phantom swarms Of fluttering vultures. Swords have feasted on their bodies. Reveling in the scarlet blood! Poems are poets’ holy crosses On which they bleed in silence. Dead the head, the tresses stiffened, Far away the noisy rabble, Slowly the sun sinks, A red royal crown.-- Poems are poets’ holy crosses. As one can tell by the words of the poem, this is not a “happy” piece. It is one of depression and sadness, and the atonal music aids in displaying that emotion. “Die Kreuze” is a form of expressionistic music, which attempted to express one’s internal states and emotions. “Die Kreuze” was recorded by many artists, two of which were Lucy Shelton with Da Capo Chamber Players...
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...on both sides of the church. Gabrieli wrote a large number of pieces for cori spezzati, broken choirs, each having a call and effect type between the two choirs, and joining together during the climatic part. his most famous piece was written in 1597, gathering both choirs and instrumentalist to perform what we know as the Sacrae Symphoniae (sacred symphony), this which included the famous Sonata Pian’ e Forte. Pian’e Forte was the first piece in its time to specify the dynamics the composer wanted. The 1597 Sacrae Symphoniae is Gabrieli’s best work that represents his earlier works of music as the organist of the Saint Mark’s Cathedral in Venice, his job that he held from 1585 until his death in 1612. “Gabrieli’s years at the great Byzantine basilica coincided with the most brilliant period of its instrumental ensemble”. The ensemble being from the Doge’s palace at the time that had a very well established ensemble intact with more modern instruments at that time. The cornet and sackbuts (trombones) were the most prominent instruments at the Saint Mark church. Every now and then he would also throw in some strings to add color to the music. The music attracted many well-known virtuoso instrumentalists such as “capo de’ concerti Girolamo Dalla Casa and the renowned cornetist Giovanni Bassano.” Both are actually well known...
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...Carol Zhang November 22, 2014 Final Assignment “Embellished 16th Century Music” Saying that embellishment was a big deal for sixteenth-century musicians is hardly a bold move as evidences overflow in treatises, music collections, and written accounts from the time. But making sense out of what musicians of the time actually did in performance and trying to reproduce it today has proven to be more difficult, mainly because improvisers, by nature, do not tend to record what they do. The modern current view seems to be that ornamentation was important, mainly because evidence suggests it was so widespread. But ultimately it was just something that could add colour or texture to the surface of the music but that always left the original clearly visible underneath. Embellishment is adding notes to a part to make it more interesting for the player and listener. After some research I have come to the conclusion that the easiest embellishments to improvise are the graces. These are trills and other short ornaments. Among them are 3 main types: Inverted mordant, trills, and cadential patterns. Who performs embellishments depends on the nature of the music. In homophonic music like dances where the melody is in the top part and the other instruments mostly just play chordal accompaniment, all the embellishment should be done by the top part and that player can really go to town with elaborate graces and divisions. On the other hand, in polyphonic music like fantasies where...
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...original intent to plant a church at all. I started a musical group, RECONCILED, with the expressed intention of, "using culturally relevant music to facilitate healing within the Body of Christ." In my church history with so many different church traditions, I had learned that most of the people in mainstream evangelical churches all love Jesus and actually have more in common than not. Besides, Jesus said that it was by loving one another that all men would know that we are His disciples, not by getting all of our doctrine agreed upon. He promised that when we were one, as He and the Father are one, that the world would recognize that it was the Father that sent Him! RECONCILED had a core group of singers but borrowed most of our instrumentalists from various local churches with the idea of getting parts of the worship communities to work together and set aside their differences long enough to celebrate Jesus together. The group had significant but unheralded success and it became clear that God was calling me to plant a church that modeled the ministry concept of the band. On May 4, 2008 God grew the model by allowing FLWC to begin sharing a building with our sister church, The Lord's Chapel. |...
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...Star&ng to Approach the Legacy of Slavery January 12, 2015 Turning to the arriving and musical thriving of African Americans For the most part, • Arrived in America under different condi&ons than did many of their European counterparts • Also had a very different experience living in America • Ques&on: What did African Americans do to make sense of their situa&on, to survive it, to resist their oppression, and to forge a new culture through music? Spirituals • “Spiritual: Religious music of African Americans during slavery” (Burnim 2006: 51). – What are called folk spirituals developed first (this is to dis&nguish from what are called arranged spirituals or concert spirituals) • “Folk spiritual: The earliest form of indigenous a cappella religious music created by African Americans during slavery” (Burnim 2006: 52). – Late 18th century crea&on (ibid) ...
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