...The American Criminal Justice System: The Social and Cultural Considerations Introduction The American criminal justice system, the largest in the world, with 2.3M people incarcerated (Prison Policy Initiative 2016) has a significant impact on many aspects of American society when viewed through the social and cultural lens including the psychological impact of incarceration, varying treatment based on race, and post-incarceration results. Based on the analysis of various positions of experts in the field, it is clear that certain policy reforms in the existing system would be beneficial for the incarcerated and the broader society. When comparing the scale of incarceration and other related metrics in the United States...
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...affects offenders, the impact it has on society, and the fiscal impact upon society. Punishment and rehabilitation helps the inmate in different ways. This will show both pros and cons to punishment and rehabilitation. Punishment versus Rehabilitation The criminal justice system uses two objectives, these are punishment and rehabilitation. Society looks at these two with high prospects but the question is will the justice system live up to these expectation? The justice system and the community have beliefs on punishment and rehabilitation and how they should or should not work. Each one of these objectives will be addressed. Deterrence of Crime Deterrence theory comes down to if an offender commits a crime the benefit should outweigh the crime itself, if not, the offender will think twice before committing another crime. The deterrence theory does not explain criminal behavior. To prevent crime from happening again the criminal justice system use punishment, but the punishment should outweigh the potential crime. Crime has been a part of society for centuries. The most common form of punishment for the offender is to be put in prison. Many times imprisonment is a temporary fix for offenders. Some people think that rehabilitation is a permanent fix. Rehabilitation can have lasting effect on offenders since it would prevent future crime from happening. Also rehabilitation can changes the way the offender thinks and get them adapted back in to society by giving them an education...
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...discuss some aspect of the impact mentally ill inmates have on not only the prison system but crime as well. In each article, researchers study ways to positively improve the prison systems and with the dealing of the mental ill inmates. Improving our prisons on how they deal with mentally ill inmates and how to prevent such problems from occuring by improving the prison climate and treating the root problems of society instead of the symptoms we are viewing in the prisons. How is this issue discussed in academic research as opposed to the mainstream media? The Article discusses and studies whether or not "prison climate/environment" has a negative impact on inmates mental health. Researchers conduct multiple studies of...
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...people who commit acts unacceptable to the social norms of society. Because of this need, the development of prisons were constructed to house the individuals, so they can serve their time away from free individuals. Prisons are an intricate part of our history, starting from the late 1700’s up until now our system continues to redefine itself based on the needs of society. I will explore the evolution of punishment, prison system and how prison labor impacts over time. Punishment can be defined as the correctional goal with emphasis on inflicting pain or suffering. (Seiter, 2011) Punishment is used as a form of social control, it is viewed, that, a person will refrain from wrongdoing if the consequences impact their freedom. Since the ancient times of the Code of Hammarbi, banishment, and beheading punishment has been a part of how our culture deals with offenders. We can trace back punishment to the colonial days where punishment was based on community opinion and punishment was publicly displayed to ridicule and deter others from such behavior. This type of punishment started to transform into a more organized structure because of enlightened political philosophy, a more humane approach was sought. Incarceration became the vehicle in which the American justice system dealt with deviant behavior. Sir Alex Patterson once said, “You cannot train a man for freedom under the conditions of captivity”. The first prisons in the free United States were recognized as penitentiaries...
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...effectiveness of punishment compared to the effectiveness of rehabilitation, as well as their effects on the victims, offenders, social society and fiscal society. The criminal justice system actually has four objectives. Two of them are punishment and rehabilitation. These are the two objectives that society has the highest expectations of and the greatest interest in. Both the criminal justice system and the public each have their own opinions on how each of the objectives will or will not work. These two objectives are normally paired together, however no system relies on incarceration for a short time and then rehabilitation for a lengthy period of time. Both punishment and rehabilitation are primary focuses among correctional facilities, it is up to the facility which it chooses to put as its primary. The most common form of punishment is incarceration. Their primary goal is deterrence of crime. Deterrence can be categorized into three areas; special, specific and general deterrence. Rehabilitation has been proven an effective way of deterring inmates from repeating a crime. Punishment stops the crime immediately however it affects inmates psychologically. Two thirds of prisoners reoffend within three years of their release from prison typically with a more violent crime. Typically more than 90% of a prisons population is released into society within a few years of their incarceration. More often...
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...force, fines, death and public humiliation. Corporal punishment was the main form of punishment due to the fact that it inflicted pain to the body and could be completed in public locations for the humiliation or “Scare tactic” effect. Whipping, beatings, branding and mutilations were different forms of corporal punishments used in the 1700’s with the most popular ones being public floggings or lashings. Criminal activities or events which led to these forms of punishments varied from stealing, assaults, the criminally insane and murders. Repeat offenses or numerous crimes were considered capital crimes and executions were made public. The death penalty was the final solution to compensate for all other defects of the criminal justice system at that time. A decree was issued by the Massachusetts Assembly in 1736 relating that a thief, on his/hers first conviction would be fined or whipped. If a second offense occurred, the offender would pay triple the fines and would sit on the gallows platform with a noose around their neck. They would then be lashed up to thirty times at a whipping post. If a third offense was committed, the offender was hanged publicly. Due to the rise in thievery and crimes, England took steps in 1557 to put a stop to it. The construction of correction houses or “work houses” began in Bridewell London. Personnel who failed to adhere to the laws established were sent to these facilities where they were flogged and forced to do hard labor...
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...The Impact on Society of the Incarceration of the Non-Violent Criminal. In this age of social media and advanced computer technology I find it to be an utter tragedy the amount of individual that are incarcerated for non-violent crimes. After all we have the knowledge and the resources to event a new cellar device almost every other month. We have drones to deliver package. Information can be sent at the speed of light from the United States to Europe. Yet in still we haven’t come up with a plan to address the issue of imprisoning non-violent crimes. Wouldn’t our hard earn tax dollars be more useful in fighting the war on terrorism? After all isn’t America under attack every day? The threat of an attack on us happens not just in other countries but right here on American soil. And yet we spend this unthinkable amount of money to bring individuals to trial and imprison then for crimes that are of a non-violent nature. Why? If I had the chose I would rather be my monies be spent to protect my country for a terror attack rather than protect us from someone buying weed. For instance in Bernard Noble was sentence to over 14 years in prison for possessing enough marijuana to roll 2 joints. Mr. Noble worked and ran a small business. He is also a father of 2. Did he posse an illegal substance? Of course he did. But the issue is should he have been given such a harsh sentence? No. The impact of incarcerating this man is far reaching. It impacts not just him but...
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...defined as the range of community and institutional sanctions, treatment programs, and service for managing criminal offenders. 2. What is the mission of corrections? To protect society accomplished through a combination of surveillance and control of offenders, rehabilitative services, and incapacitation during the services of a prison sentence. 3. Describe the operation of the Walnut Street Jail as the first American prison. Walnut Street Jail was one of hard labor, strict discipline, religious study, and solitary and silent confinement. 4. Describe the differences in the Pennsylvania and the Auburn systems. The Pennsylvania System known as the separate and silent enforces inmates not to see or talk with each other meaning less production from inmates, which was very expensive to operate. More staff was needed. Impossible to keep inmates from talking. Only 2 states decided to keep this system (New Jersey & Rhode Island.) Auburn system also knows for silent but was able to congregate, meaning criminals were allowed to work together but was not able to interact before or after working. During the first half of the ninetieth century, most American prisons practiced the Auburn System. 5. Explain how the Irish penal system contributed to the development of the reformatory Era of prison operations in the US....
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...Throughout the semester, we have covered many angles of the world of prison. These stories, documentaries, and television shows have provided valuable insight into addressing stereotypes that prisoners are labeled with, as well as many of the issues with our current prison system. One of the main stereotypes that exists is that prisoners with drug addictions are helpless and will do anything they can to feed their addictions. These portrayals can been seen almost everywhere in the mainstream media, from television shows to popular literature. They have a large impact on how the general public views these people, and provides an inaccurate view of how these individuals really are. In the show Orange is the New Black, prisoners with drug addictions,...
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...Criminal Justice Paper Abstract When thinking of correction one may think of the impact that the correctional system has in law enforcement. Well the impact is heavy and the outcome is heavier then most may expect. Corrections go way back to the early 2000 B.C. time. This paper will address the past, current and future trends of how punishment is applied to the correctional system. Also address within this paper will be the impact that the correctional system has on law enforcement and the courts. History of punishment The history of the correctional system started in the early 2000 B.C to about 1800 A.D. This time frame was the introduction of the ancient Babylonian and Sumerian presented the first American Penitentiary. The early correctional system presented many different philosophies and practices of corrections. There were two that became very popular and still are till today. Lex Salica is he vigilante, a person whom decided to take the law and justice into his or her one hands. The vigilante is the person whom seeks revenge and retaliation upon the wrongdoing or upon his or her family. When the introduction of Lex talionis was presented it was like everyone became vigilante. Lex talionis was known for mean “an eye for and eye or a tooth for a tooth, this from of justice was when the government decide to take control and own the crimes committed. The governments become the only organization to deliver justice for the family and victim of criminal acts. In the beginning...
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...Miller The paper of punishment versus rehabilitation With the judicial system, of the United States several tactic methods of punishments use punishment with retribution, rehabilitation, public safety continues with prevention and fiscal. With the United States criminal justice, the system feels that punishment is better for retribution methods. In the current society, the criminal justice uses four methods; of punishment, it will stop the crime from happening. Certain individuals, within the community, think that these punishments are harsh on people although each punishment obtains their distinctiveness. The punishment also rehabilitation its efficiency Many individuals feel that rehabilitation has taken a back seat, to take charge of criminal activity at this current time. The process obtains punishment, will be a prison sentence as a general role. It is a certain way begins overpopulation within the prison, will have a specific impact on the rates criminal activity. Because of the specific way in the United States, the inmate’s population has an increase in amount two million individual in the corrections system. Within the 25 years earlier creates a large sum of research literature, which said the general cause to criminal conduct the certain discovery of the research thinks. That people concept to stop criminal activity will have to obtain the society based idea. Also with the research it implies that cynical that it does not...
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...of punishing for lawbreakers, debtors, and a facility to housed slaves. Throughout history, jails have served as facilities where the laws of the land are enforced. These institutions are an important factor within the justice system, which allows criminal justice procedures to take effect. These institutions house suspects in order for law enforcement officers (LEOS) to conduct their investigation to bring the guilty to justice (Princeton, 2010). Jails can be traced back to ancient civilizations; these houses of justice form the fundamental iron cloth of the law that ensures laws and discipline of the nation are adhered. The correctional system of today's generation have conformed and improved the jail system, these facilities are now humane in comparison to old civilizations. Offenders of modern society still initiate the first phase of his or her restitution, rehabilitations, and reformation behind these walls. Enslavements have been replaced with prison labor; furthermore, these theological methods help inmates to repay society while earning a stipend in jail. The correctional system of some regions still practices the old jail concepts of inflicting pain by torturing individuals in lock up for crimes committed. This atrocious and inhumane system was used to defer others from committing similar crimes through fear of imprisonment. This way of punishment did not...
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...Running Head: OVERCROWDING OF PRISONS 1 Overcrowding of Prisons Don Bailey SOC 305 Crime & Society Ekaterina Gorislavsky 25 May, 2015 - 1 - [no notes on this page] Running Head: OVERCROWDING OF PRISONS 2 Abstract The correctional institutions are established to correct the behaviors by law breakers. Society believes that once an individual comes out of the correctional facility, he is a reformed person. In addition, these facilities are always expected to warn the law abiding citizens to deter them from committing a crime for fear of being in the correctional cells. However, the population in the correction facilities especially prisons is contrary to this expectation. Over time, there is increased number of offenders. This comprises of the new offenders and the repeat offenders. This causes overcrowding in the correctional facilities which is a challenge to the society. The focus of this problem is the social effect of overcrowding to the judicial system and ways of addressing the challenge. Overcrowding in correctional institutions Crime is punishable for three reasons namely retribution, prevention and deterrence. The main purpose of incarcerating offenders is to stop them from repeating previous crimes they committed. Appraising the current American system using these standards, the deterrence category has failed miserably, insufficient in prevention and providing unsatisfactory retribution through detention. Attempts to deter released criminals...
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...Evolutionary Changes within the Correctional System Emily Correctional Systems- 2313 Nov. 23, 2014 Mr. Charles Williams Evolutionary changes within the Correctional System Abstract: Corrections is defined as “a process whereby practioners from a variety of agencies and programs use tools, techniques, and facilities, to engage in organized security and treatment functions intended to correct criminal tendencies among offender population” (Hanser, 2013, pg. 2) But the word corrections also originates from a separate meaning which is the need or desire to provide a punishment to individuals that have committed behavior not found suitable or acceptable by the society. Therefore in this essay I will discuss the changes within the American Correctional systems that have caused them to evolve to the present day. Introduction: The correctional prison system within America has changes in multiple differential aspects between the mid 1900’s to the present day. But the most important of these changes which have occurred are: Prison programs, classification systems, housing, the professionalism, and the shift in authority and management. Programs for inmates have improved. The system used to classify inmates have altered. New intermediate facilities have been formed, including the development of adaptive housing. The professionalism between the prison staff as well as the formation of organizations, has increased. Lastly, among the more important aspects of changes, the use of applying...
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...Mentally Ill in Prison PSCH/610 Mentally Ill in Prison Abstract The increase in incarcerated individuals with mental illness in the preceding decades has made the prison system a prevalent mental health provider even though they are not prepared or equipped for such task. Prison life is tough on an individual’s mental health; overcapacity, lack of privacy, violent behavior, lack of activity, inadequate health services, seclusion from family and friends, and the insecurity of what life holds after prison contribute to the inmate’s mental health. Inmates whose judgment is altered or impaired by depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and other severe mental illnesses are impacted more severely by the tribulations of prison life. Inadequate mental health services is also something mentally ill inmates face, this absconds them undertreated or mistreated. Numerous prisoners do not receive proper psychotropic medication due to the lack of mental health services and care, further impairing their capability to function. The security mission of prisons tends to overlook mental health considerations. Prison rules and codes of demeanor teach staff about security, safety, supremacy, and power. Coordinating the needs of the mentally ill with prison regulations and goals is almost impractical. Factors of the sources and effects of the concern between prison and mental illness will be observed in this research proposal. Reforms will be provided to improve mental health...
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