...failure. Public sensitization about the importance of using biotechnology to improve food production. The study sought to establish the associations between knowledge as an independent variable and attitude as a dependent variable using generalized linear model despite controlling for a range of other important characteristics such as age, education and social class. This research assess different ways on how knowledge and attitude relate to adoption of genetically modified maize and apply the logistic Model to explain the relationship between variables from the data. We expect to know the significance of knowledge on attitude towards adoption of Genetically modified organisms. Potential benefits of GM organisms to developing countries. The relationship between Consumer attitudes and general socio-political attitudes on genetically modified foods. Importance of knowledge and attitude in determining the development of biotechnology on agricultural commodities. The contribution of information dissemination to Public knowledge and attitude towards genetically modified organisms. The use of the deficit model to explain public negative attitude towards biotechnology referring to public’s scientific ignorance. Reviewed properties of the past fitted models to determine the goodness of the model. Contingent valuation (cv) approach on acceptance of GM food by the public. Does knowlegde...
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...There is a Select Committee for each government department; for example the Department of Education. From my own knowledge, these departmental committees have a minimum of 11 members, who decide upon the line of inquiry and then get evidence. The government then usually has 60 days to reply to the committee's recommendations. Committees also have power to appoint specialists. These are not permanent committee members, but specialists from businesses paid by the day. They aim to scrutinise the executive and hold them to account, scrutiny includes policy, administration, and expenditure of government departments. Source C suggests that Select Committees often have their recommendations ignored, and therefore the effectiveness of the committees is decreased. Due to the reports produced by Select Committees not being binding governments can disregard the advice from specialists, and reports that are produced tend not to be unanimous - especially when a general election is near. Not only that, but governments can refuse to provide certain information which could be important evidence, and often select committees are under-resourced meaning they cannot provide fully effective scrutiny to the actions of the executive. Public Bill (Standing) Committees are - unlike Select Committees - able to amend and improve legislative bills. They scrutinise each clause of a bill clause by clause and amendments can be made. These committees are formed from between 16-50 members in reflection...
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...the war towards the start but as it went on and some issues raised themselves through the media that turned some against the war. All 3 sources agree that majority of the British public did support the Boer war but do suggest that there was some opposition. Source 4 is from a local newspaper; the newspapers at this time were seeing a change in reporting from broadsheet to tabloid and more human stories rather than old style reporting. It was part of a new generation of newspapers called ‘the yellow press’. This was shown in the Daily Mail which led the way in England reaching 1 million subscriptions. It was heavily pro empire and pro war which mirrored the view of most papers at the time and had an influence on the publics’ opinion. At the time the papers were writing what the people wanted the read so they could keep subscriptions. Therefore the paper could be accused of trying to please its readers rather than accurate reporting. Source 4 agrees with source 5 that there were wild scenes of patriotism. ‘patriotic songs’ songs showed that the public were proud of their country. Source 5 describes ‘chanting a singing’ at an anti war protest in Birmingham, the same place as the newspaper was published. Singing songs was common at the time and many songs were written in support of the war. The public would also go the music halls to listen and sing which would be patriotic and showed the public’s support of the war. Source 6 tells about ‘outbursts of popular enthusiasm’ which...
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... IJPSM 24,3 Knowledge sharing among public sector employees: evidence from Malaysia Manjit Singh Sandhu Department of Management, School of Business, Monash University, Sunway Campus, Malaysia 206 Received 10 September 2009 Revised 2 April 2010 Accepted 27 April 2010 Kamal Kishore Jain Indian Institute of Management, Indore, India, and Ir Umi Kalthom bte Ahmad Implementation Coordination Unit, Prime Minister’s Department, Federal Government Administration Centre, Putrajaya, Malaysia Abstract Purpose – The main purpose of this paper is to: identify the views of public sector employees towards the importance of Knowledge Sharing (KS); identify the barriers to KS; and identify initiatives that may encourage KS. Design/methodology/approach – The design employed in this research was mainly descriptive in nature. A survey-based methodology employing a research questionnaire was used to elicit the views of public sector employees towards KS. A total of 320 questionnaires were randomly distributed and 170 were successfully collected, giving a response rate of 60 percent. Findings – The results showed that the respondents were very positive in their views towards “importance of KS” and they also strongly felt that knowledge was a source of competitive advantage. However, they were of the view that the importance of knowledge sharing was not clearly communicated and many of them were not sure whether KS strategy existed in their department. The public sector employees...
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...Book Review Public Administration in Perspective: Theory and Practice Through Multiple Lenses by Dr. David John Farmer. [Name] [Affiliated institution] Public Administration in Perspective: Theory and Practice Through Multiple Lenses chapter 6-8. Dr. John David Farmer presents some good piece of work in his book on Public Administration in Perspective: Theory and Practice Through Multiple Lenses. Numerous facts can be drawn from this book. Dr. Farmer juxtaposes the eleven perspectives that public administration stand on. These are neuroscience, feminist, ethical, data, political, post-structural, critical theory, psychoanalytic, traditional, business and economic. Another fact that Dr. John tries to put across is that there is no definite definition of public administration. Public administration can enrich its understanding by letting lose its intellectual boundary instead of tightening it. Farmer say that planning, underlying public administration, management, the nature of public administration field and imaginative creativity are five core functions in public administration. Public administration has some historic information that defines and is not supposed to be tampered with in any manner whatsoever. However, supplement knowledge broadens it. Public administration should stand on its own as a course, though for it to be successful. Reference and borrowing from other disciplines is also important. Farmer stand on public administration is Epistemic Pluralism...
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...leaders of the organization can create learning and supportive environment, which encourages appropriate and limited use of discretion. Raktažodžiai: atskaitomybė, atsakomybė, diskretiškumas, etika, korupcija, sprendimų priėmimas. Keywords: accountability, responsibility, discretion, ethics, corruption, decision making. Introduction Few aspects of Public Administration engender more controversy than the idea of discretion. For most, the attitude toward the exercise of discretion must be described as ambiguous and even ambivalent. While the necessity of the exercise of discretion is not disputed, there is little agreement on the normative foundation (Bryner, 1987) for that activity. Yet without a normative foundation, there is little basis upon which to judge the exercise of discretion. Recent literature on ethical practices in the governments of Africa has boldly asserted that discretion leads to the breakdown of the rule of law and threatens the capacity to govern (Hope, 1999). Those who have witnessed the slow slide into corruption that has befallen many a nation make the reduction of official discretion a cornerstone of public sector reform. As Hope (1999) laments: Following independence, most African countries shamelessly transformed themselves from bureaucratic administrations that generally...
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... ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 11.1 The Basic Choices in Long-Term Financing NAT: Reflective thinking LOC: acquire knowledge of financial markets and interest rates 2. A security offering that raises capital for firms is called a(n) a. | primary security offering | b. | secondary security offering | c. | securitization | d. | all of the above | ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 11.1 The Basic Choices in Long-Term Financing NAT: Reflective thinking LOC: acquire knowledge of financial markets and interest rates 3. A bond sold by foreign corporations to U.S. investors is called a(n) a. | Eurobond | b. | foreign bond | c. | Yankee bond | d. | none of the above | ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 11.1 The Basic Choices in Long-Term Financing NAT: Reflective thinking LOC: understand stocks and bonds 4. A bank that helps firms to acquire external capital is called a a. | commercial bank | b. | savings bank | c. | investment bank | d. | credit union | ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 11.2 Investment Banking and the Public Sale of Securities NAT: Reflective thinking LOC: acquire knowledge of financial markets and interest rates 5. Which of the following is not considered an advantage of going public? a. | new capital for the company | b. | listed stock for use as compensation | c. | stock price emphasis | d. | personal wealth and...
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...of altering traits of original crops by inserting the DNA of another organism (MacCracken et al, 2011). As with all innovations, these developments in biotechnology have led to numerous studies about whether the benefits outweigh the risks (Shah, 2002). In the case of GM, the uncertain benefits and unknown risks might influence public perception (Ronteltap et al., 2007). Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate a wide range of published studies on public attitudes towards GM food, including studies by the FSA (2003), Sheldon et al. (2009) and Bredhal (1999), in order to provide a basis for the following research. This paper will firstly analyse the importance of knowledge in shaping public attitudes. Secondly, different types of attitudes will be categorised. The final section will be devoted to the factors that shape different attitudes. The paper concludes with a discussion of the main themes; highlighting different issues mentioned and relating them to the current research. Public Knowledge of GM food It is widely recognised that the availability of information plays a key role in consumer choice and decisions. Additionally, knowledge has a significant impact on either consumers’ acceptance or rejection of GM food (Bredhal et al, 1999). Moreover, according to Costa-Font et al. (2008), the source and the way in which information is provided play an essential role in the level of acceptance. For instance, Gath and Alvensleven (1998) pointed out that food labelling...
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...of altering traits of original crops by inserting the DNA of another organism (MacCracken et al, 2011). As with all innovations, these developments in biotechnology have led to numerous studies about whether the benefits outweigh the risks (Shah, 2002). In the case of GM, the uncertain benefits and unknown risks might influence public perception (Ronteltap et al., 2007). Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate a wide range of published studies on public attitudes towards GM food, including studies by the FSA (2003), Sheldon et al. (2009) and Bredhal (1999), in order to provide a basis for the following research. This paper will firstly analyse the importance of knowledge in shaping public attitudes. Secondly, different types of attitudes will be categorised. The final section will be devoted to the factors that shape different attitudes. The paper concludes with a discussion of the main themes; highlighting different issues mentioned and relating them to the current research. Public Knowledge of GM food It is widely recognised that the availability of information plays a key role in consumer choice and decisions. Additionally, knowledge has a significant impact on either consumers’ acceptance or rejection of GM food (Bredhal et al, 1999). Moreover, according to Costa-Font et al. (2008), the source and the way in which information is provided play an essential role in the level of acceptance. For instance, Gath and Alvensleven (1998) pointed out that food labelling...
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...Public libraries are an essential part of the modern public culture. In an increasingly individualistic and technologically isolated environment, the library has becomes a chapter of the past. But as a chapter of the past, it has become mythologized to a certain extent. Its past function is different from its contemporary role. This is especially true for the people who may be characterized as uneducated and living on the fringes of society: the homeless. What position and what role does this place of public knowledge have for these people? Is it merely a stable place of meeting? Or – is a place for learning to occur? Do the homeless visit the library in order to further their knowledge? Therefore the argument for this paper is: an underappreciated element of homeless individuals visit the Vancouver Public Library for the pursuit of knowledge, not simply physical shelter. There are several studies and journals which address this issue generally, but not specifically. Alistair Black and Melvyn Crann (“In the Public Eye: A Mass Observation of the Public Library”) perform a study of societal opinions on the successes and failures of the modern public library. They also reveal the social prejudices that are inherit in many individual’s views of the public library (eg. lower classes are less likely to visit the library, and even may be unable to understand the function or nature of the library in any substantial way.) Darrin Hodgetts et, al. (“A Trip to the Library: Homelessness...
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...advantages and contradictions of a welfare state Anna Olkova 3rd year student 2011 Table of contents Introduction 3 Chapter 1. The role of Scandinavian model in economic theory and practice. 5 1.1. Scandinavian model in civilizational context: incarnation of integralism. 5 1.2. Scandinavia in European economy: comparative analysis 10 1.3. Cultural preconditions for the Scandinavian model formation. 13 Chapter 2. Model performance and competitiveness: distinctive features 16 2.1. The role of public sector in Scandinavian economies 16 2.2. Peculiarities of labour market in Scandinavia 21 2.3. Human capital and innovations: learning economy 26 Chapter 3. Scandinavian model: challenges and threats 33 3.1. Demographic challenge: ageing of population versus public finance 33 3.2. Paradoxes of economic growth in welfare states 36 3.3. The problem of labour disincentives and decommodification. 38 Conclusion 41 Bibliography 43 Introduction In the light of a current trend of moving towards socialization in economy, Scandinavian experience stands out, being probably a unique example of building a highly-socialized and at the same time viable economy. The image of Scandinavian countries appears to be controversial in modern economic observations. On the one hand, obviously, the Scandinavians’ performance is ranked high in terms of the majority of competitiveness...
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...Sean, I agree with you. Even though the importance of health knowledge in policy-making, economic factors are the ones that influence governmental actions and designs of public policies. Bernier & Clavier explain that in the 1960s “economists stepped in the field of action-oriented policy analysis and still wield more influence than political scientists in public debates” (Bernier & Clavier, 2011, p. 113). Moreover, many factors influence during the political process of health policies besides the public health needs. “Public policy is seen as being external to public health research and the only course of action for public health is to influence the law” (Bernier & Clavier, 2011, p. 111). This is way “some governments enact health reforms...
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...demonstrations, sit-ins, boycotts, freedom rides, and marches to attract the attention of the public, recruiting people, and managing movement’s operations (Best, 22). Because of the way activists act in social movements, they are known as “outsider...
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...KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT : * "Knowledge management is a discipline that promotes an integrated approach to identifying, capturing, evaluating, retrieving, and sharing all of an enterprise's information assets. These assets may include databases, documents, policies, procedures, and previously un-captured expertise and experience in individual workers." * Knowledge Management, (KM) is a concept and a term that arose approximately two decades ago, roughly in 1990. Knowledge Management may be viewed in terms of: * People – how do you increase the ability of an individual in the organisation to influence others with their knowledge * Processes – Its approach varies from organization to organization. There is no limit on the number of processes * Technology – It needs to be chosen only after all the requirements of a knowledge management initiative have been established. * Culture –The biggest enabler of successful knowledge-driven organizations is the establishment of a knowledge-focused culture * Structure – the business processes and organisational structures that facilitate knowledge sharing. LITERATURE REVIEW: At present knowledge management is consider as an asset for the firm but according to (Jones, 2009) knowledge management is also related to organizational culture of the firm. This study characterized organizational culture as clan, adhocracy, market, and hierarchy culture types, however according to (Swanson,...
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...Analyst information intermediation – private and public information –and the central role of knowledge and social forces in economic processes in the ‘market for information’. John Holland, University of Glasgow, Jo Danbolt, University of Edinburgh, Lei Chen, University of Keele. John Holland, University of Glasgow, The Adam Smith Business School, University of Glasgow, Main Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland Abstract: This paper develops a model of the information intermediation role of analysts in the ‘market for information’ (MFI). It illustrates how the same type of ‘soft’ intangibles information changes as it progresses through analyst information intermediation processes. The latter concern: company disclosure; analyst acquisition and analysis of company information; analyst reporting processes; and market impacts. The common information concerns ‘soft’ or qualitative information about the company intellectual capital (IC) or intangibles in the company business model. Banks and bank analysts are used as examples. Knowledge, social and economic factors in the wider ‘market for information’ (MFI) are shown to be major influences on ‘soft information’ and how it changes in analyst information intermediation processes. Negative knowledge and social factors play a role in weakening and eventually destabilising economic processes in analyst and the MFI. They were important factors in creating knowledge and information problems in analysts and the MFI, both ongoing...
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