...PERSPECTIVES Voluntary Action in India Role, Trends and Challenges Anil Bhatt The voluntary sector needs to play a more overt political role if it is to make any long-lasting dent on social transformation. T H E last t w o decades have seen an unprecedented growth of voluntary or nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) in India. While voluntarism has been an age-old phenomenon, it is only in the last couple of decades that so much is being talked, written, debated and done about it. There is a good reason for this. Modern voluntarism is signicantly different from the conventional voluntarism in form, content, intent and impact. Conventional voluntarism was primarily aimed at charity and relief or at best, social welfare and social reform. It sprang out of religiosity, generosity and altruism. It was inspired by idealism rather than ideology [ B a x i 1986]. M o d e r n voluntarism, while incorporating some of the elements of conventional voluntarism, is based on ideology rather than mere idealism. It aims at achieving development and social justice rather than relief and welfare. Therefore, the tools, techniques, approaches and objectives of modern voluntarism differ from that of the conventional. Modern voluntarism strives to change the social, economic and political position of the poor, the deprived, the oppressed and the weak. In the final analysis, therefore, it aims at redistribution of power, status and wealth. W i t h i n this broad mission though, activities, approaches...
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...menv i n n o va i n f o r m at i o n vi 2008:23 research on women´s entrepreneurshp A presentation of the ten projects funded by the programme Title: Research on Women´s Entrepreneurship - A presentation of the ten projects funded by the programme Series: VINNOVA Information VI 2008:23 ISSN: 1650-3120 Published: December 2008 Publisher: VINNOVA – Verket för Innovationssystem / Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation System VINNOVA Case No: 2007-02271 About VINNOVA VINNOVA, Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems. VINNOVA´s mission is to promote sustainable growth by funding needs-driven research and developing effective innovation systems. Through its activities in this field, VINNOVA aims to make a significant contribution to Sweden´s development into a leading centre of economic growth. The VINNOVA Information series includes general publications that describe VINNOVA’s activities as well as specific programme descriptions, project catalogues, annual reports, etc. Research and Innovation for Sustainable Growth. VINNOVA´s publications are published at www.VINNOVA.se I VINNOVAs publikationsserier redovisar bland andra forskare, utredare och analytiker sina projekt. Publiceringen innebär inte att VINNOVA tar ställning till framförda åsikter, slutsatser och resultat. Undantag är publikationsserien VINNOVA Policy som återger VINNOVAs synpunkter och ställningstaganden. VINNOVAs publikationer finns att beställa, läsa och ladda ner via www.VINNOVA.se. Tryckta...
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...International Journal of Management and Innovation Volume 1 Issue 1 (2009) Living with Organizational Politics: An Exploration of Employee’s Behavior Rajib Lochan Dhar, Symbiosis International University, India Abstract Though organizational politics has been perceived as a threat; negatively influencing levels of staff retention and work productivity, hardly any studies have focused on the employee’s attitude towards the perceived players and the survival strategies in such an environment in the Indian setting. This study aims to explore the employee’s perception of organizational politics, the phase that they go through while working and the ways they adopt to cope up with it, in a sample of 26 employees working in three different automobile manufacturing companies. Qualitative methods have been used in order to understand the feelings and experiences of employees while working in a politically influenced environment. Analysis of the data was done through phenomenological principles. Findings of this study led to the emergence of four major themes namely perceived threat, attitude towards the players, Coping Strategies and intentions to leave. This study has tried to bring out the emotional circumstances that employees go through while working in a politically influenced environment. Key words: Organization, politics, employees, perception and intention Introduction There is a bit of Machiavelli in every one of us. An environment where everyone agrees with each other is a rare...
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...| 3 | No of Contact Hours | 30 | Duration | 90 mins. | Email: anuradha.m@greatlakes.edu.in Phone: 044- 30809088 Course Objectives and Key Takeaways The previous course on Organizational Behavior focused on individuals within organizations and the aspects of their behavior that would be relevant for a manager. This course moves a step further and looks at the group and organizational level dimensions of organizational behavior. Work most often than not involves interactions between two or more people. It also implies that these interactions need to be managed for effective functioning of organizations. This course covers important sociological and psychological theories explaining group behavior and leadership, their implications for teams within organizations. We will also discuss some crucial aspects of organizational structure, culture and managing organizational change effectively. At the end of the course the students will be able to: * Understand the dynamics underlying group and team behavior within organizations and therefore be better equipped to deal with interpersonal dynamics at the workplace * Expose students to the concept of leadership and its relevance at the workplace * Understand and appreciate the complexities of the organizational context- specifically the structure and cultural dimensions * Become familiar with issues related to power and politics in the workplace in order to be able to deal with them...
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...technology matters. The reason for the emergence at that particular time and the impact and the consequences of the emergence of that particular technology play important roles in relating the context. This paper focuses on two major expanding technologies; mobile phones and 3D printing. 1.1. Introduction to 3D printing Three dimensional printing â_œemploys an additive manufacturing process whereby products are built on a layer-by-layer basis, through a series of cross-sectional slicesâ__ (Berman, 2012, para.2). 3D printing is compromised of various other technologies and the commonly used software is the Computer aided design also known as CAD. 3D printing is a developing concept that is yet to bring a lot of new creations into the world of technology. 1.2. Introduction to Mobile phones Mobile phone is a mobile device traditionally used to make and receive calls. There are many categories in mobile phones. For example, smartphone is â_œa category of mobile phones that read email, take pictures, and surf the internet in addition to making and receiving callsâ__ (Flew & Smith, 2011, p.72). Because of the advancement of the mobile phone technology, majority of the population use them in their day to day activities and mobile phones play a vital part in peopleâ_™s lives. 1.3. General conclusion Page 2 of 7 3D printing and mobile phone technology are two major landmarks in this mechanical world and their reason for emergence...
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...Christopher Epps Professor Mauldin Bio-politics, Medicine, and Bodies January 26 2013 Bio-politics, Bio-citizenship, Bio-citizenship: A Big Mixture As a society, we throw around the word “Politics” freely and often. Its a polarizing concept and evokes both excitement and disdain in American citizens. However, to many the idea of politics seems very abstract. Sure, there are visible institutions of government and tangible evidence of certain political machines at work. But people struggle with seeing deeper into how government affects not only their day to day lives, but their very bodies. I'm talking about the intersection of private science and government-”bio politics”. To engage in a such discussion of Bio-politics and how political power is exerted over life, one needs a firm knowledge of medicalization. In a broad sense, medicalization is simply the expansion of medicine in our society. However, the term is interpreted differently depending on who you ask. Sociologist Peter Conrad describes medicalization as a “process by which medical problems become more defined and treated as medical problems, usually in terms of illness and disorders.” He sees the power in language and how the ever expanding categories that come from medicalization are actually a form of social control. Disability activist Irving Zola validates this idea but adds that “everyday life has come under Medical dominion, influence, and supervision.” Having been stricken by polio, Zola spoke from a...
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...‘Doing some things’ in the Xi Jinping era: the United Nations as China’s venue of choice ROSEMARY FOOT * There has been intense scholarly debate in China over the past few years as to the continuing relevance of the famous aphorism attributed to Deng Xiaoping exhorting the Chinese government to ‘bide its time, hide its brightness, not seek leadership, but do some things’.1 Although that debate about the appropriateness of this strategy in an era of enhanced Chinese material power has not reached a definitive conclusion, there are several indications that the new leadership, under President Xi Jinping, has decided that it would like to become more active and ‘do more’ in the international realm. How much more, in reality, will undoubtedly be influenced by the reactions of others and the unfolding of events—both domestic and global—but undoubtedly there is an intention on the part of Beijing to make good on its increase in relative power and the opportunities that a more centralized leadership under President Xi Jinping provides for articulating a clearer foreign policy message and more forward foreign policy behaviour. This article provides evidence in support of the argument that China has decided to adopt a more activist foreign policy. It focuses predominantly on China’s policy towards the United Nations as a way of demonstrating a new willingness to take decisions previously left in abeyance, and as an example of a policy area where the Chinese leadership believes it is showing...
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...and global politics John L. Esposito, Series Editor University Professor and Director Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding Georgetown University islamic leviathan Islam and the Making of State Power Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr Islamic Leviathan Islam and the Making of State Power Ú seyyed vali reza nasr 1 2001 3 Oxford Athens Chennai Kolkata Nairobi New York Auckland Bangkok Bogotá Buenos Aires Cape Town Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Paris São Paul Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw and associated comapnies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright © 2001 by Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr Published by Oxford University Press, Inc., 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nasr, Seyyed Vali Reza, 1960 – Islamic leviathan : Islam and the making of state power / Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr. p. cm.—(Religion and global politics) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-514426-0 1. Malaysia—Politics and government. 2. Islam and politics—Malaysia. 3. Pakistan—Politics and government—1988 – 4. Islam and politics—Pakistan...
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...Account for the growing importance of global civil society in global environmental politics. Is this phenomenon synonymous with global environmental governance? The globalization phenomenon has altered many facets of the contemporary world. Areas of governance such as states’ policy making, the way companies do business, and how information is shared have all been affected by the increasingly globalized world. With all of these changes occurring at a rapid pace, state sovereignty has been challenged by a plethora of other actors who now can claim some form of governance in the global system. In the modern world sources of authority such as international governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, social movements, and multinational corporations all have joined the state in establishing governance on a wide array of issues: “Activist groups, business associations and policy research institutes now provide research and policy advise, monitor the commitments of states, inform governments and the public about the actions of their own diplomats and those of negotiation partners, and give diplomats at international meetings direct feedback (Betsill 243). In particular, one such area of global governance where there is a question of governmental authority can be seen in global environmental politics. Over the last few decades, the role of non-state actors in global governance has increased as citizens have taken their own initiatives to instigate environmental...
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...Email: IsraelTefera@csu.fullerton.edu Course Description This course is about the United States Presidency. Specifically, students will be able to examine 1. The origins of the Presidency, 2. Vote Choice in Presidential Elections, 3. The Presidency’s contribution to American Political Development (APD), 4. The Media and its effects on the Presidency, 5. Leadership styles / techniques of Presidents, 6. The different roles played by Presidents and 7. The relationship the Presidency has with the United States Congress and the Courts. Assignments and Grade Breakdown...
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...contemporary process of Social Norms and Impediments of Women Development in Bangladesh. The development of women in organizations, Decision making, Political participation and gender mainstreaming is currently seen as the dominant conceptual model for promoting social justice and women equality. This study intends to see the position of women, discourses and various political, economic and social factors that surrounded these events. The impediments of women in Bangladesh were being pulled in different directions as a result, the context of social norms and gender inequality that existed at global, national, community and domestic levels. Child marriage is one of the main impediments of women empowerment and implementation of the government‟s vision-2021. In Bangladesh, the patriarchal capitalism puts women in such a position within their communities that they always remain subordinate under male domination and in many cases this is reflected through violence (Hadi, 2009). Keywords: Impediments, dowry, Social Norms, Violence, Empowerment, Freedom of Choice 1. Introduction Social norms are related to human behavior, attitude, and ethics. It is indicate the notions of society about what is good...
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...February 4, 2013 POLI 2300 – Winter Term Essay Proposal – Topic no. 10 The Advancement of Green Politics Within Government: The Cases of Germany and Great Britain Since their formative years, Green parties have seen increasing success in advancing environmental interests in European politics. They key factor in determining a Green party’s capacity to implement its policy aims is the context of the political system in which it operates. This is reflected in the relative electoral success of the German Greens, Alliance ’90/The Greens, as compared with the difficulties faced by the British Greens. Many analysts consider the German Greens “the strongest example of the impact of Green politics on Western European political systems” due to its impact within German government (Burchell, 2002, p. 52). The Green Party in the United Kingdom is considered a minor party—defined as “a party with no elected seats in Parliament” (Birch, 2009, p. 53). This represents the greatest challenge to the British Greens’ political efficacy. The German and British Green parties were established in extremely different political climates, and they gained different levels of influence within government as a result. The emergence of the German Greens in the twentieth century coincided with the rise of new social movement protests during the 1960s 1970s. This movement brought about a heightened awareness of social and environmental problems among new-left student populations, as well as citizen...
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...holiest sites. The first political risk facing is the succession. King Abdullah turns 90 this year and his heir, half-brother Crown Prince Salman, turns 77. In February he named his youngest half-brother, Prince Muqrin, 70, as second deputy premier, a role often seen as making its holder second-in-line to rule. However, it is not certain that Muqrin will one day become king and the ruling al-Saud family is preparing for the moment when the line of brothers born to its founder Ibn Saud is exhausted and power must move to the next generation. By appointing Ibn Saud's grandsons to new roles, including interior minister and governor of Riyadh province, in recent months, Abdullah has already started the gradual transfer of power to younger princes. The second political risk is the domestic strains. King Abdullah has advanced some economic and social reforms to address youth unemployment, corruption and a lack of housing but offered no big political reforms. Riyadh plans to spend a record $219 billion on welfare and infrastructure in 2013. Tensions smoulder between those who want more social change, such as bringing more women into the workplace, and powerful conservatives who condemn such reforms as un-Islamic. Clerics have protested against the appointment of women to the advisory Shura Council and judicial reforms. The third political risk is the regional tensions. The aftermath of 2011's Arab uprisings has undermined old Saudi allies and destabilised the region against a backdrop...
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...points of view. The conservative view point of the first amendment, as spoken by Ronald Reagan, is that “ to those who cite the first amendment for the reason for excluding god from more and more of our institutions and everyday life, may I just say; The first amendment of the constitution was not meant to protect people of this country from religious values; it was written to protect religious values from government tyranny.” The liberal perspective more closely mirrors the perspective of Thomas Jefferson who was quoted in his 1802 letter which referenced that there should be a wall between religion and government. Those subscribing to the liberal view point would like no reference or role of religion in all of government. The Christian Coalition has been a force in conservative politics, the main advocators for a Christian America. Pat Roberston has been...
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... Fascism, and Technology | | In his work, Karl Marx stressed that technology had a dual potential: to exploit, dominate, and/or to emancipate, liberate humanity. In the first volume of Capital, Marx demonstrated the way in which competition and the “werewolf hunger” of the capitalist to increase relative surplus value drove producers to introduce new, more efficient technology whenever possible. This constant social compulsion to innovate technologically led to driving down the value of wage labor, while also increasing the material wealth of society as a whole. By the same token, technology, such as automation, he assumed, had the potential to reduce wage labor and thus increase the scope of individual freedom (Abromeit, 2010, p. 90). In his 1941 essay “Some Social Implications of Modern Technology,” Herbert Marcuse analyzed technology in terms of its power to transform society, and he developed a theory of “technological rationality,” the belief that “rationality is embodied in the coordinated apparatus of production itself” (Abromeit, 2010, p. 89). According to Marcuse (1998), “He is rational who most efficiently accepts and executes what is allocated to him, who entrusts his fate to the large scale enterprises and organizations which administer the apparatus” (p. 60). Marcuse linked his concept of technological rationality to the rise of large corporations, increased state intervention in the economy and the integration of the working class into the capitalist...
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