...Esteva’s essay titled “The Invention of Underdevelopment”; he discusses the speech that President Truman used to create the term “underdevelopment” and the progression of the term through history to the present day definition, as well as the possible negative outcomes created by labeling a population or country underdeveloped. Esteva also points out the effects this “glass half empty” label can have on a country’s people and its development. This can be especially detrimental on global scale when considering that two thirds of the world is still living in poverty; despite efforts from the UN and other organizations to help these countries increase their GDP. As result of these efforts, poverty levels did not decrease. Bringing to light, that simply growing a countries economy is not the solution as once thought. Another famous post-development anthropologist, Arturo Escobar, examines this aspect of word underdevelopment in his paper “The Invention of Development”. Arturo then begins to talk about the discourse of development and how poverty has been problematized by the First World through the formation of organizations and foundations. Although formed with good intentions, these organizations create a crutch for the country especially when they begin establishing themselves as an authoritarian figure. While Arturo and Esteva are extremely similar in their viewpoints of development and the implications underdevelopment has had on the Third World, I believe Arturo Escobar provides...
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...Elizabeth Escobar Sociology 100 11/3/13 The functionalist theory can be traced to a movement in the late nineteenth-century under the influences of Darwinism on the biological and social sciences. It is an attempt to understand the world, and it tests the cause and effect of sociological behavior. Some of the more famous functionalists are Charles Darwin, Emile Durkheim, and Horace Kallen. Horace Kallen's article in the article in the Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, states that functionalism has influenced every discipline. In psychology, it led to the substitution of the stream of consciousness for states of mind. In philosophy, it led to the rise of pragmatism and instrumentalism, and in logic it replaced the laws of thought with the theory of scientific method. Functionalism basically came to be seen as a means to an end. There are two major sub-schools of modern functionalism; macro-functionalism and micro-functionalism. Macro-functionalism focuses primarily on breaking down large-scale systems such as societies or civilizations and making them into small-scale systems, such as groups. Micro-functionalism deals mainly with the behaviors and personalities of the group. Functionalism has not fully been accepted because it is a theory that is still developing and is still trying to be understood. Conflict theory is the belief that change and conflict are good for society conflict theorists such as Karl Marx, David Hume, and Adam Ferguson believe that every society requires...
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...Salvador Ponce Lopez (May 27, 1911 – October 18, 1993), born in Currimao, Ilocos Norte, was an Ilokano writer, journalist, educator, diplomat, and statesman. He studied at the University of the Philippines and obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in English in 1931 and a Master of Arts degree, also in philosophy, in 1933. During his UP days, he became a drama critic for the Philippine Collegian and was a member of the Upsilon Sigma Phi. From 1933 to 1936, he taught literature and journalism at the University of Manila. He also became a daily columnist and magazine editor of the Philippine Herald until World War 2. In 1940, Lopez' essay "Literature and Society" won in the Commonwealth Literary Awards. This essay posited that art must have substance and that poet Jose Garcia Villa's adherence to "art for art's sake" is decadent. The essay provoked debates, the discussion centered on proletarian literature, i.e., engaged or committed literature versus the art for art’s sake literary orientation. He was appointed by President Diosdado Macapagal as Secretary of Foreign Affairs and was ambassador to the United Nations for six years before reassigned to France for seven years. Lopez was the president of the University of the Philippines from 1969 to 1975. And he established a system of democratic consultation in which decisions such as promotions and appointments were made through greater participation by the faculty and administrative personnel; he also reorganized U.P. into the U...
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...Territorios de diferencia: Lugar, movimientos, vida, redes Arturo Escobar Departamento de Antropología Universidad de Carolina del Norte, Chapel Hill Territorios de diferencia: Lugar, movimientos, vida, redes Arturo Escobar Departamento de Antropología Universidad de Carolina del Norte, Chapel Hill © Envión Editores 2010. © Del autor Primera edición en ingles: Duke University Press. 2008 Titulo original: Territories of Difference. Place, Movements, Life, Redes. Primera edición en español Envión editores octubre de 2010 Traducción: Eduardo Restrepo Arte de la cubierta: Parte superior basada en un grabado producido por el programa Gente Entintada y Parlante, Tumaco, a comienzos de los noventa. Parte inferior, basada en una ilustración tomada de Los sistemas productivos de la comunidad negra del río Valle, Bahía Solano, Chocó, por Carlos Tapia, Rocío Polanco, y Claudia Leal, 1997. Mapas: Claudia Leal y Santiago Muñoz, Departamento de Historia, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá Diseño y Digramación: Enrique Ocampo C. © Copy Left. Esta publicación puede ser reproducida total o parcialmente, siempre y cuando se cite fuente y sea utilizada con fines académicos y no lucrativos. Las opiniones expresadas son responsabilidad de los autores. ISBN: 978-958-99438-3-0 Impreso por Samava Impresiones, Popayán, Colombia. Contenido Prefacio Agradecimientos Introducción: regiones y lugares en la era global Lugares y regiones en la era de...
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...African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Vol. 4(6). pp. 324-329, June 2010 Available online http://www.academicjournals.org/ajpp ISSN 1996-0816 ©2010 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper An investigation into students’ study habit in volumetric analysis in the senior secondary provision: A case study in Ondo State, Nigeria Orimogunje Tunde1, Oloruntegbe Kunle Oke2 and Gazi Mahabubul Alam3* 1 Science and Technical Education Department, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria. 2 Mathematics and Science Education Department, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 3 University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Accepted 14 May, 2010 An investigation was carried out on students’ study habit in volumetric analysis at the senior secondary school level in Ondo State. A descriptive research design was adopted in the study. Questionnaire on study habit inventory was adapted and used to collect information from the respondents at various sampled schools. The sample comprised 240 senior secondary II chemistry students drawn from six schools in Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo State. The hypotheses investigated with respect to students’ study habit problems such as home work/ assignment, reading and note-taking, students’ concentration, time allocation, teachers’ consultation as human variables were analyzed using chi-square statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The results indicated that the main sources of students’ study problems have strong...
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...Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING Background of the Study In the society nowadays the demands of high level of education and skill for the success of each student is increasingly important for the students’ welfare as well as the society’s hope for success. Yet, it is crucial that teachers should recognize certain basic elements in learning to help students to gear up for greater advancement. One of these basic elements is study habits. In the global setting, Igun (2007) of the Nigerian Universities and Delta State University library stated that the study habits of students in some universities is a common problem because of some factors such us barriers in creating a study environment. In the national setting, Philippines ranked second and third to the last in the English and Math National Achievement Test result (National Framework Plan for ICT’s Basic Education, 2005). The cause of this drastic decrease in the performance of the students was supported by a study conducted by Acido (2010) who identified students in public high school in Manila who performed low due to poor study habits. In the local setting specifically in Davao City, Nacito (2006) and Azarcon, et.al. (2004) found that Grade Six students enrolled in Piedad District of Toril S.Y. 2005-2006 as well as the Freshmen students of Erico T. Nograles National High School both need to improve their study habits due to their low academic performance. In addition, college students of the University of Mindanao...
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...JOSÉ LUIS MACHINEA Executive Secretary ALICIA BÁRCENA Deputy Executive Secretary Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean economic commission for latin america and the caribbean C E P A L Review NUMBER 85 APRIL 2005 SANTIAGO, CHILE OSCAR ALTIMIR Director REYNALDO BAJRAJ Deputy Director The CEPAL Review was founded in 1976 and is published three times a year by the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, which has its headquarters in Santiago, Chile. The Review, however, has full editorial independence and follows the usual academic procedures and criteria, including the review of articles by independent external referees. The Review is distributed to universities, research institutes and other international organizations, as well as to individual subscribers, and is also consulted extensively on the Internet. The purpose of the Review is to contribute to the discussion of socio-economic development issues in the region by offering analytical and policy approaches and articles by economists and other social scientists working both within and outside the United Nations. Accordingly, the editorial board of the Review extends its readers an open invitation to submit for publication articles analysing various aspects of economic and social development in Latin America and the Caribbean. The opinions expressed in the signed articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the...
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...HISTORY AND THEORY STUDIES FIRST YEAR Terms 1 and 2 Course Lecturers: CHRISTOPHER PIERCE / BRETT STEELE (Term 1) Course Lecturer: PIER VITTORIO AURELI (Term 2) Course Tutor: MOLLIE CLAYPOOL Teaching Assistants: FABRIZIO BALLABIO SHUMI BOSE POL ESTEVE Course Structure The course runs for 3 hours per week on Tuesday mornings in Terms 1 and 2. There are four parallel seminar sessions. Each seminar session is divided into parts, discussion and submission development. Seminar 10.00-12.00 Mollie Claypool, Fabrizio Ballabio, Shumi Bose and Pol Esteve Lecture 12.00-13.00 Christopher Pierce, Brett Steele and Pier Vittorio Aureli Attendance Attendance is mandatory to both seminars and lectures. We expect students to attend all lectures and seminars. Attendance is tracked to both seminars and lectures and repeated absence has the potential to affect your final mark and the course tutor and undergraduate coordinator will be notified. Marking Marking framework adheres to a High Pass with Distinction, High Pass, Pass, Low Pass, Complete-toPass system. Poor attendance can affect this final mark. Course Materials Readings for each week are provided both online on the course website at aafirstyearhts.wordpress.com and on the course library bookshelf. Students are expected to read each assigned reading every week to be discussed in seminar. The password to access the course readings is “readings”. TERM 1: CANONICAL BUILDINGS, PROJECTS, TEXTS In this first term of...
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...Mexico each year; he may well be the most-wanted criminal in this post-Bin Laden world. But his bride is a U.S. citizen with no charges against her. So authorities could only watch as she bundled up her daughters and slipped back across the border to introduce them to their dad. Known as El Chapo for his short, stocky frame, Guzmán is 55, which in narco-years is about 150. He is a quasi-mythical figure in Mexico, the subject of countless ballads, who has outlived enemies and accomplices alike, defying the implicit bargain of a life in the drug trade: that careers are glittering but brief and always terminate in prison or the grave. When Pablo Escobar was Chapo’s age, he had been dead for more than a decade. In fact, according to the Drug Enforcement Administration, Chapo sells more drugs today than Escobar did at the height of his career. To some extent, this success is easily...
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...Caroline Barnes and Simon Jackson This paper offers a critical reading of Robin Boyd’s narrative of the Australian nation created for Australia’s pavilion at Expo’70. The critique offered is from an environmental perspective, using this example to lead into a broader reflection on Australian design history’s ‘modernity problem’. We argue that although the examination of Australia as a socio-cultural context for the practice of design continues to engage scholars, the will to profess the existence of progressive Australian design has precluded significant examination of design’s regressive effects. The current environmental crisis is, as Arturo Escobar argues, ‘a crisis of modernity, to the extent that modernity has failed to enable sustainable worlds.’[1] Design is implicated here for its contribution to environmental degradation, as is design history for accounts that validate designers’ development of concepts, processes and products that impose the unsustainable on societies. The latter is pronounced in Australian design history. When modernity and its cultural manifestations are understood as European inventions, admitting limited scope for cultural exchange, claiming historical significance for Australian design inevitably involves the uncritical application of imported principles.[2] The halting attempts to write Australian design history are mostly bound up in proselytizing for the values and benefits of the modern and eulogising designers’ efforts to force change in the...
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...STUDY HABITS AND MEMORY RETENTION OF GRADE 9 STUDENTS AT SIGNAL VILLAGE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL; INPUTS FOR AN ENHANCED LEARNING TECHNIQUES A Thesis Proposal Presented to the Faculty of the College of Education Taguig City University Taguig City In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor in Secondary Education Major in Science Submitted by: Cabia-an, Jonaden C. Ilao, Jessica E. Lumontad, Camille D. Rufo, Cyra Linne F. Villanueva, Rona R. August 2015 CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUD Introduction Study habits are the habits attributes that you have formed during your school years. It can be positive or negative. Positive or good study habits include being organized, keeping notes, reading, textbook, listening attentively and working hard in school every day. Negative or bad study habits include skipping classes, not doing home works, and watching TV or playing video games instead of studying. Habit means a learned, or fixed way of behaving to satisfy a given motive. Habits can be affected by the outside environment, teachers, books and reading materials available around him. Even the place where one studies may affect his concentration for understanding the lessons. Studying for an exam can be one of the most stressful tasks events in a student's life. For stale students, keeping up their grades who's always the main focus. For both kind of students, the exam has been a challenge. Others...
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...born, have created about the experience of people living in or relating to Philippine society. It is composed or written in any of the Philippine languages, in Spanish and in English, and in Chinese as well. Philippine literature may be produced in the capital city of Manila and in the different urban centers and rural outposts, even in foreign lands where descendants of Filipino migrants use English or any of the languages of the Philippines to create works that tell about their lives and aspirations. The forms used by Filipino authors may be indigenous or borrowed from other cultures, and these may range from popular pieces addressed to mass audiences to highly sophisticated works intended for the intellectual elite. Having gone through two colonial regimes, the Philippines has manifested the cultural influences of the Spanish and American colonial powers in its literary production. Works may be grouped according to the dominant tradition or traditions operative in them. The first grouping belongs to the ethnic tradition, which comprises oral lore identifiably precolonial in provenance and works that circulate within contemporary communities of tribal Filipinos, or among lowland Filipinos that have maintained their links with the culture of their non-Islamic or non-Christian ancestors. The second grouping consists of works that show Spanish derivation or influence in the themes and forms employed, and these may include literary works that are translations of original Spanish...
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...Vermont Burlington, VT 05401 Tel. 1 802 656-0187 Fax 1 802 656-8405 Email sseguino@zoo.uvm.edu July 2008 Acknowledgements: I am grateful for helpful comments and insights from Rhoda Reddock, Christine Barrow, Caren Grown, three anonymous referees, and participants at the Building Capacity for Gender Analysis in Policy Making, Programme Development, and Implementation: Research Seminar and Workshop, University of West Indies, Barbados, November 2007. Micro-Macro Linkages Between Gender, Development, and Growth: Implications for the Caribbean Region Abstract Over the last two decades, scholars have investigated the two-way relationship between gender inequality on the one hand, and economic development and growth on the other. Research in this area offers new ways to address the economic stagnation and crisis developing countries have experienced over the last two decades. This paper contributes to that literature, exploring the channels by which gender inequality affects, and in important ways, constrains economic development and growth in the Caribbean region. It further explores the endogeneity of gender inequality to the macroeconomic policy environment. The paper concludes with a discussion of economic policies that can promote a win-win outcome—greater gender equality and economic development and growth. Key Words: gender, inequality, development, household economics, macroeconomic policy, Caribbean. 1 Micro-Macro Linkages Between...
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...6Critical Sociology http://crs.sagepub.com Corporate Social Responsibility: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly Subhabrata Bobby Banerjee Crit Sociol 2008; 34; 51 DOI: 10.1177/0896920507084623 The online version of this article can be found at: http://crs.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/34/1/51 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Critical Sociology can be found at: Email Alerts: http://crs.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://crs.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations (this article cites 30 articles hosted on the SAGE Journals Online and HighWire Press platforms): http://crs.sagepub.com/cgi/content/refs/34/1/51 Downloaded from http://crs.sagepub.com at LA TROBE UNIVERSITY on April 21, 2008 © 2008 SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution. Critical Sociology 34(1) 51-79 http://crs.sagepub.com Corporate Social Responsibility: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly Subhabrata Bobby Banerjee University of Western Sydney, Australia Abstract In this article I critically analyze contemporary discourses of corporate social responsibility and related discourses of sustainability and corporate citizenship. I argue that despite their emancipatory rhetoric, discourses of corporate citizenship, social responsibility and sustainability are defined by narrow business...
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...once was. Not only has the conflict itself been written about in the past tense for more than a decade, but historians’ certainties about the character of the conflict have also begun to blur. The concerns brought on by trends of the past decade – such trifles as globalization, weapons proliferation, and ethnic warfare – have made even old strategy buffs question the degree to which the Cold War ought to be put at the center of the history of the late twentieth century. In this article I will try to show how some people within our field are attempting to meet such queries by reconceptualizing the Cold War as part of contemporary international history. My emphasis will be on issues connecting the Cold War – defined as a political conflict between two power blocs – and some areas of investigation that in my opinion hold much promise for reformulating our views of that conflict, blithely summed up as ideology, technology, and the Third World. I have called this lecture “Three (Possible) Paradigms” not just to avoid making too presumptuous an impression on the audience but also to indicate that my use of the term “paradigm” is slightly different from the one most people have taken over from Thomas Kuhn’s work on scientific revolutions. In the history of science, a paradigm has come to mean a comprehensive explanation, a kind of scientific “level” that sustains existing theory until overtaken by a new and different paradigm. In the history of human societies, I would venture, the term paradigm...
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