...Concept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Paper The power and strength of disciplines are heavily reliant on the development of concepts that are empirically validated and relevant to clinical practice (Mitchman &Weaver, 2008).Those concepts are then studied within a theoretical framework that is applicable to the concepts and their attributes. Concepts are continuously compared and analyzed between theories to ensure applicability and enhance the spectrum of evidence –based knowledge in nursing research and theory. Community Health as a Core Concept Nursing Among the numerous concepts in nursing practice is the concept of “community” defined as,” A group of people sharing common values and that might be living in the same geographical area utilizing the same resources “(McDonald, 2004). Another concept is the concept of “health” defined as,”A balanced state of well- being of the body, mind, and spirit” (McDonald, 2004). These two concepts create a core concept in nursing termed “community health”. Community health is a broad concept and a field of nursing that was differentiated and worked on heavily by the first nursing theorist Florence Nightingale in her environmental theory. It was also discussed in a more detailed perspective in our modern days by many nursing theorists like Jean Watson and her human caring theory (Falk-Rafael, 2000). Community health in nursing handles multiple issues relating to the health. They can involve disease, well-being,...
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...Concept Comparison and Analysis across Theories Paper NUR 513 August 6, 2012 Comparison and Analysis Theories Paper The heart of nursing has always been caring. Since the start of professional nursing with Florence Nightingale, theorists have been writing about caring. This paper highlights three caring theories Madeleine Leininger, Jean Watson, and the combine theory of Patricia Benner and Judith Wrubel these theorists each has developed a theory of caring. This paper will examine each by comparing and contrasting on how each looks at caring. Leininger Madeline Leininger developed her first theories in the mid-1950s. Her main theory is transcultural nursing and caring theory. This theory was formed by an inadequate knowledge of cultural factors that represented a missing link to providing quality nursing care. Leininger believed that caring is universally present in all cultures (Nelson, 2006). Leininger’s definition of caring for nursing is “the central and unifying domain for the body of knowledge and practices in nursing’ It is critical to human growth, development and survival and has helped human beings through cultural evolution” (Cohen, 1991). Leininger’s transcultural theory of nursing her assumption human caring is a universal expression. However, patterns vary among different cultures. Caring has multiple dimensions of biophysical, psychological, cultural...
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...according to Ellis (2000), popular culture offers ‘frameworks of explanation’ that help us ‘work through major public and private concerns’ of society. This intricate set of frameworks is often developed and maintained by a set group of individuals. Celebrities, models, and athletes often lead the way when determining basic guidelines for acceptable practices in society. The influence of these individuals, specifically celebrities, can be seen most often in younger generations. As young adults mature, they begin to develop a strong sense of independence. With this new found self-identity, many adolescents look to media outlets for guidance in establishing social norms and behaviors. It is extremely evident that media outlets have the power to create meaning. Image advertisements in particular have the power to create a set of frames that perpetuate ideological hegemony. Ideology is a culmination of social beliefs and values that are upheld by members of society. Hegemony is the power or dominance that one social group holds over others (Lull, 1995). Ideological hegemony is a concept that describes an intertwined system of everyday realities that are created by dominant individuals. As a result, ideological hegemony can often go undetected by common members of society. For example, ideological hegemony can be detected in image advertisements. Gender stereotypes and dominant norms are often perpetuated in daily advertisements. Clothing advertisers...
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...Social Comparison and Temporal Life Satisfaction In his theory of social comparison, Festinger (1954) identified the idea that human beings have the drive to look at others in order to evaluate their own opinions and abilities. Social comparison is categorized into two forms, namely downward and upward. Downward comparison occurs when an individual compares to others who are deemed as socially worse off, while upward social comparison acts in the opposite direction. Over the years, there have been various studies on the directional effects of both upward and downward comparison on an individual’s self evaluation. According to Suls, Martin, & Wheeler (2002), both downward and upward comparison can lead to people viewing their situations in a more positive way. Another research study by Buunk, Collins, Taylor, VanYperen, & Dakof (1990), showed that downward comparison evoked a fear in individuals about ending up in the same situation as their less fortunate comparisons. In return, the fear of “it could also happen to me” made people have a lower level of life satisfaction. Despite the various comprehensive researches done thus far, there is still no clear conclusion on the exact impact and effect of social comparison on an individual’s evaluation of his or her own attributes and attitudes and abilities. This is even more applicable to college students who are constantly evaluating their personal abilities and opinions by making comparisons to their peers. The...
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...she showed that in her responses to her boss by shifting the blame on her peers, and also by becoming very defensive when asked certain questions. Instead of taking the constructive criticism, self evaluating, looking at the positives and applying it to better herself, she chose to view it all in a negative fashion and express herself with negative aggression. Three Theories of Self Concept Maintenance Researchers have examined several ways in which individuals actively maintain their sense of self in what can be termed “ self-concept maintenance” (Crisp and Turner, 2010, p. 10). There are three theories in relation to this I wish to discuss, self-evaluation maintenance, the social comparison theory, and finally the control theory of self-regulation. Let’s start by defining each of the three self-concept theories. Self-evaluation maintenance refers to the theory that one’s self-concept can be threatened by another individual’s behavior and that the level of threat is determined by both the closeness of the other individual and the personal relevance of the behavior. The Social comparison theory was a theory initially proposed by psychologist Leon Festinger in 1954, it centers on how individuals evaluate their own opinions and abilities by comparing themselves to others in order to reduce uncertainty in these areas and learn how to define themselves. Finally, the control...
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...sdfsdfsdfsdTermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory * Join * Search * Browse * Saved Papers ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form * Home Page » * Historical Events Economic Development: a Comparison of Rostow and Gerschenkron In: Historical Events Economic Development: a Comparison of Rostow and Gerschenkron “Rostow’s pattern of thought of economic development is often compared and contrasted with that of Alexander Gerschenkron, though the two are more or less compatible and complementary.” Critically discuss this statement. The theory of economic development throughout history has been of significant discussion especially in regard to the works of Rostow and Gerschenkron. The differentiation between the pattern of thoughts and ideals is a hotly debated topic within economics. The ideals the two theorists create, each substantially creditable in their own right, entail degrees of correlation and variation. Leaving the conclusion, do the to patterns of economic thought complement one another or is there distinct disparity between the two. Applied examples will be used below to analyse the extent of segregation or association between the works of Rostow and Gerschenkron. The two theories of work are mainly discussed with Asian development as it is more relevant, timely and there is significantly more information available than previous developed...
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...be asked to write papers in which you compare and contrast two things: two texts, two theories, two historical figures, two scientific processes, and so on. "Classic" compare-and-contrast papers, in which you weight A and B equally, may be about two similar things that have crucial differences (two pesticides with different effects on the environment) or two similar things that have crucial differences, yet turn out to have surprising commonalities (two politicians with vastly different world views who voice unexpectedly similar perspectives on sexual harassment). In the "lens" (or "keyhole") comparison, in which you weight A less heavily than B, you use A as a lens through which to view B. Just as looking through a pair of glasses changes the way you see an object, using A as a framework for understanding B changes the way you see B. Lens comparisons are useful for illuminating, critiquing, or challenging the stability of a thing that, before the analysis, seemed perfectly understood. Often, lens comparisons take time into account: earlier texts, events, or historical figures may illuminate later ones, and vice versa. Faced with a daunting list of seemingly unrelated similarities and differences, you may feel confused about how to construct a paper that isn't just a mechanical exercise in which you first state all the features that A and B have in common, and then state all the ways in which A and B are different. Predictably, the thesis of such a paper is usually an assertion...
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...STR Use the basic outline below to draft your paper. Organize your responses to each question (except Question 5) under the following section headings: • Public Leader Overview (Question 1) • Public Leader Comparison and Contrast (Question 2) • Public Leader Evaluation & Analysis (Question 3) • Public Leader Influence (Question 4) • Conclusion Note: You may create and / or make all necessary assumptions needed for the completion of this assignment. Write a four to five (4-5) page paper in which you: 1. Based on your response to Question 3 in Assignment 1, use the Internet to research two (2) renowned public leaders—one (1) male and one (1) female—that embody your selected theory(ies) and styles. Develop a brief overview (i.e., no more than one [1] paragraph for each leader) of the selected leaders and the leadership theory that defines each as a public administrator. …… Further details are hidden… PAD 515 WEEK 6 ASSIGNMENT 2 LATEST STR Use the basic outline below to draft your paper. Organize your responses to each question (except Question 5) under the following section headings: • Public Leader Overview (Question 1) • Public Leader Comparison and Contrast (Question 2) • Public Leader Evaluation & Analysis (Question 3) • Public Leader Influence (Question 4) • Conclusion Note: You may create and / or make all necessary assumptions needed for the completion of this assignment. Write a four to five (4-5) page paper in which you: 1. Based on your response to Question...
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...Ethics Comparisons and Similarities ETH/316 December 18, 2012 Abstract This paper will identify similarities and differences between the virtue theory, utilitarianism, and deontological ethics. This paper will also highlight how each theory addresses ethics and morality differently. In this paper, personal experience will be used to explain the relationship between virtue, values, and moral concepts as they relate to one of the three principles. Ethics Comparisons and Similarities Virtue is referred to as a character ethic. It theorizes that in the life we live we should try to cultivate excellence in everything that we do as well as in everything that others do. In fact, the Greek word for “virtue” translates to “excellence.” Virtues are considered to be both moral and non-moral (Boylan, 2009). Morally, what makes a good person? (Boylan, 2009). Non-morally, what does a person do to be the best he or she can be? As a personal example I am reminded of my youth during middle school and high school. As a student and participant in concert band and marching band, I would practice and continuously train myself to be a better musician. The more I practiced the music the correct way, the better I became. I strove for excellence. This is a good non-moral example. Utilitarianism is a theory that means an action is morally right when that action produces more total utility for a group than any other alternative (Boylan, 2009). As an example...
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...The impact of personality traits of the project leaders in project success * Managing change management * Communication skills and project success * Network security and social networking * The role of effective IT management strategies in organisations * Assessing risks in home and public access wireless networks * Ethics in the design of business applications You may find the Q5 technique useful to map out the structure of each paper before you do the review. The task You will select a topic then find two or more academic papers that address the topic. You are required to write a comparative review of the topic from the perspective of these papers. This may require you to examine several schools of thought, issues, or the positions taken by different sets of authors. You may create a hierarchy of issues and sub-issues to compare and contrast, as suggested by the following general plan (adapted from http://www4.caes.hku.hk/acadgrammar/litrev/section2/part2.htm). You may find it useful to analyse the papers first by using the Q5 technique on each one. Q5 Questions | Suggestions | 1 a Title...
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...Example of Outline for Quantitative Research Paper (must be APA formatted) Abstract: (this is done after the whole paper is finished – 250 word max) 1. Problem statement / Limitations of literature 2. Purpose of study 3. Methods 4. Overall results 5. Conclusion Introduction: (500-750 words) 1. General phenomenon 2. Problem statements 3. Limitations of existing literature 4. Statement of Purpose Review of Literature (2000-3000 words) 1. Description of theory/model a. includes definitions b. Strengths of theory/model c. Weaknesses of theory/model 2. Comparison to other theories/models (strengths and weaknesses) 3. Hypotheses (outcomes contained within hypotheses) or model proposition (figures) 4. Assumptions (if any) Methodology: (500-1000 words) 1. Sample and Procedure a. Sampling method b. Procedure of how data was collected i. Time and location c. Instructions to sample d. Human subjects sentence (if applicable) e. Description of sample i. Size, demographics, 2. Instruments a. Description of questionnaire (if applicable) i. Rationale for scale (if applicable ii. Modifications (if any) b. Number of items c. Example of wording of items d. Item format e. Previous reliability values f. Previous validity values 3. Data analysis a. Technique b. Formulae (if necessary) c. Rationale (if necessary)  Results (500-1000 words) 1. Measurement model (if applicable) a. Reliability b. Validity 2. Measures of magnitude and dispersion (Means, percentages...
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...A Comparison of Theorists Many of the greatest theorists of the past decade have helped form the foundation of knowledge. In this paper, this writer will compare two of the most talented theorists of the time. Abraham Maslow and B.F. Skinner are just two of the many theorists that have formed the organization in today’s classrooms. This paper will address the differences in the theories and the similarities. It will describe how each theory can be implemented in the learning environment of an early childhood classroom. Lastly, it will describe each theory that will be compared supported by research. Comparison of two Theories Operant Behavior Conditioning of Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904-1990) BF Skinner renowned for his theory of Operant Behavior (Maslow and Skinner: n.d.). He is known for, his leadership in the field behavior modification through conditioning. This states that behavior is affected by the consequence that follows the behavior. This is a practice teachers, utilize in the classrooms every day as part of the classroom management process: if the behavior of the child or children is unacceptable, the consequence will not be favorable. If the behavior is positive, the consequences will also be positive. Really, Skinner's theory states that good behavior is reinforced while bad behavior is reprimanded (Maslow and Skinner, n.d.). Ultimately, Skinner believed that in order to change behavior there had to be a positive stimulus to reinforce that behavior. Added...
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...brings in happiness and health into our lives. Because we spend most of our time at work, I’m going to talk about the benefits of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation at our jobs. In the appendix of this paper is an article called, “The Impact of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivators on Employee Engagement in Information Organizations” by Rajesh Singh. This paper will go over a summary of the article and how the article relates to motivation. Additional references will be made from the text book, “Management” by Schermerhorn, J., & Bachrach, D., for a comparison and contrast to the article. Lastly, all the information presented in this paper will show how a manager could become a more effective leader in the 21st century. Let’s begin with a summary of the article Research study This is a research article that was conducted from St. John’s University in New York, within the division of Library and Information Science (LIS). Ninety-eight students from the LIS management class held a research study from spring of 2013 to spring of 2014. This study was to prove that intrinsic motivation was more effective than the traditional rewards and punishment methods, or sometimes referred to as “carrot and stick”. Before the research began, an in-depth review of the following theories was researched: Taylor’s Principles of...
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...The ecological validity of both papers should be considered similar as they both employ the same methodology. Studies on the MNS provide inconsistent results, a systematic review by Hamilton (2013) found that of twenty-five studies on the MNS found twelve studies supporting a normal MNS, six studies suggesting an abnormal system and seven studies with mixed results. The use of studies from six different methods including EEG and fMRIs, found that every method provided results both supporting the presence of a normal functioning MNS and other results supporting the absence of the same system. The methods used for the two papers each have their strengths and weaknesses, where as the fMRI used in Williams et al. (2006) study is strong spatially,...
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...Submit by 2359 Saturday of Week 4. Name: Date: Overview: Life Review Analysis For this assignment, you will reflect on your interview with the older adult, introduce the individual to the reader, and respond to guiding questions to prepare an analysis paper. DO NOT INTERVIEW A FAMILY MEMBER UNLESS YOU OBTAIN COACH’S WRITTEN APPROVAL PRIOR TO INTERVIEW Your paper should include the following sections: 1. Introduction of Older Adult – This is the overall context of your interview but should not include the entire interview itself. 2. Analysis of the Life Review Interview – This includes description of the goals and benefits of life review, your differentiation between a Life Review and ordinary remembering and your analysis of the degree of ego integrity reached by the older adult. 3. Student’s Reflections – This describes your personal experience during the process, any impact it will have on your clinical practice, and a projection of your own legacy. 4. References – This is a list of resources you used during your interview and analysis recorded in APA format. Use at least 3 in-text citations of your sources. Use APA format throughout paper and references as appropriate. The paper should be no longer than 6 pages (not counting Pages 1-3 of this document and your page of references). If you have questions, please discuss them with your Academic Coach. You must also scan, upload, and submit your Interview Consent Form in the appropriate assignment portal...
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