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Theory Experience

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Theory Experience 1
Relating Vrooms Expectancy Theory to a Work Experience

Sally was a new employee with Company Y, a well-known international accounting firm. Sally was just out of college and had put in the necessary hard work to secure a great job with a prestigious company. Being hired as a tax accountant, Sally expected the typical busy season surrounding the biggest tax deadline of April 15th. After speaking with individuals she knew in the field, and gaining experience through a summer internship, she expected to work 55 hours a week during the busiest time of the year. Sally was caught by quite a surprise when several experienced staff members were suddenly let go due to underperformance issues. The cut staff members created an understaffing issue, forcing Sally to put in at least 80 hours of work per week to ensure clients expectations were met and cover for the lack of staff member. These extremely long hours did not stop after the expected deadline of April 15th. Instead, they continued well into the summer months. Since her pay scale was on a salary basis, she was not being compensated for any overtime work she was putting in. Sally expressed frustration through sighs and comments, often saying ‘well maybe I’ll get to see my boyfriend next week’ and ‘I might as well just sleep here’. She even broke down to tears one evening when, after putting in a twelve hour day, she was told she could not yet leave until several additional tasks were completed. The job had completely taken over her life.
Rather than expressing her concerns to her manager, Sally continued to work on the overwhelming amount of clients. She had a fear that without working these long hours, she would be fired, much like her previous coworkers. Additionally, even though Sally was not being compensated for her overtime hours she had hopes that being a new hire, her extra effort would eventually pay off. And pay off it did, she was beyond ecstatic when it was revealed to her that due to her hard work she was being promoted, receiving a bonus, and a shocking 25% raise.
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory “holds that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce desired combinations of expected outcomes.” (Krietner, p. 223) The theory contains three factors that influence motivation in an individual: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. The expectancy portion of the theory centers on how individual effort directly affects the performance of the individual. The second factor, instrumentality, is based on the idea that performance holds a direct impact on the outcome in a situation. The third factor in this theory, valence, is the actual value an individual places on the outcome in a given scenario. In summary, this theory defines how the effort put forth by an individual affects their performance and further how it affects the outcome of the situation; all while taking into consideration the amount of value the individual has placed on the outcome. Essentially, Vrooms Expectancy Theory is summed up by an equation: Total Motivation = Expectancy * Instrumentality* Valence.
In Sally’s scenario, she could have chosen to not put in the extra effort and time towards her work. By working the hard and long hours, she lost time with friends, family, and her boyfriend. However she had placed a high priority on success within the company. She often expressed that she wanted to be the breadwinner in her family and would do what she needed to become a successful business woman. Her main goal was to succeed in her job and therefore she held a high value in attaining a promotion and raise and avoiding being fired for lack of performance. Sally put forth a great effort towards her assigned work and put in the extra necessary time and energy to ensure her personal success. In relating the expectancy portion of the equation to Sally’s situation, her expectancy was very high. The instrumentality and valence portions of the equation, in this situation, would also be very high. Sally’s hard work within the company lead her to a great performance, which in turn lead her to a promotion and monetary reward. The promotion, monetary reward, and over all recognition were something that Sally deeply hoped for, and therefore had placed a high value on achieving. With all three factors in this theory being very high in the eyes of Sally, it can be concluded that she was highly motivated work hard within the company.

Works Cited
Kreitner, Robert and Angelo Kinicki. Organizational Behavior. International 9th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2010. Print.

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