... the effects of allelopathic nuts of the family Juglandaceae, containing the novel allelopathic agent juglone, were tested on the germination of plants sensitive to allelopathy and those shown to be resistant. Based on previous studies examining allelopathy, it is expected that sensitive plants treated with this agent would cause negative affects on germination, while the seeds that are known to be resistant, would undergo relatively normal germination. The results of these experiments are generally consistent with this model of allelopathic toxicity and resistance. Allelopathy is a unique phenomenon in nature that is relatively new to the scientific community, and the results of this experiment are not only relevant to basic botanical research, but also have real world applications. Introduction Allelochemicals can be found in all parts of the plant, the greatest amounts are most often located in the roots and leaves. Plants release their allelochemicals in several different ways: volatilization, leaching, or exudation. In volatilization, the toxic chemicals are released in the form of a gas from the leaves and then are absorbed by another...
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...vegetable enterprises were collected from 280 respondents. This consisted of 141 from private and 139 from government irrigation schemes, in the Kwanar-Are irrigation areas of Katsina State, Nigeria. Descriptive and econometric analyses were used to analyze the sample data. Our results indicated that though more purchased inputs are allocated in government scheme, the private scheme was more efficient in terms of resource use. Average net farm incomes per hectare were N373,040, N427,070 and N285,975 for pepper, tomato and onion enterprises respectively under the private irrigation schemes. They were N210,045, N325,891 and N244,748 for pepper, tomato and onion enterprises respectively in the government irrigation schemes. Similarly, average returns on naira investment were higher under the private irrigation scheme. They were 2.0, 2.3 and 1.7 for pepper, tomato and onion enterprises respectively under the private irrigation schemes and 1.2, 2.3 and 2.0 for pepper, tomato and onion enterprises respectively in the government irrigation schemes. To correct the general inefficiency in the use of resources, farmers should be trained on appropriate resource allocation techniques that would...
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...The tomato is the edible, often red fruit/berry of the nightshade Solanum lycopersicum, History Etymology The word "tomato" comes from the Spanish tomate, which in turn comes from the Nahuatl word tomatotl,. It first appeared in print in 1595. A member of the deadly nightshade family, tomatoes were erroneously thought to be poisonous by Europeans who were suspicious of their bright, shiny fruit. Native versions were small, like cherry tomatoes, and most likely yellow rather than red. The tomato is native to western South America and Central America. Mesoamerica Aztecs and other peoples in Mesoamerica used the fruit in their cooking. The exact date of domestication is unknown: by 500 BC, it was already being cultivated in southern Mexico and probably other areas. The Pueblo people are thought to have believed that those who witnessed the ingestion of tomato seeds were blessed with powers of divination. The large, lumpy tomato, a mutation from a smoother, smaller fruit, originated in Mesoamerica, and may be the direct ancestor of some modern cultivated tomatoes. Unique varieties were developed over the next several hundred years for uses such as dried tomatoes, sauce tomatoes, pizza tomatoes, and tomatoes for long term storage. These varieties are usually known for their place of origin as much as by a variety name. For example, Pomodorino del Piennolo del Vesuvio is the "hanging tomato of Vesuvius". Five different varieties have traditionally been used to make these "hanging"...
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...Journal of Global Biosciences ISSN 2320-1355 Volume 4, Number 2, 2015, pp. 1448-1455 Website: www.mutagens.co.in E-mail: submit@mutagens.co.in researchsubmission@hotmail.com Research Paper HUMAN URINE AS A FERTILIZER- A COMPARATIVE STUDY USING SOLANUM LYCOPERISCUM AND CAPSICUM SP. Rajani, V1., Alaka, R. S2., and Sajitha Rajan S.3 1, 2 P G Department of Environmental Sciences, 3Department of Botany All Saints’ College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Abstract Fertilizer is any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) that is added to soil to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants. Urea fertilizer production has developed during the last decades so that urea is one of the most important industrial nitrogen fertilizers and new urea–ammonia fertilizer plants have been built recently, for instance in India. Human urine is a natural resource, which is available in all human societies even in the poorest ones which can be used as a natural fertilizer. Urine contain rich plant nutrients, since the human kidney is the main excretory organ and thus urine contains most of the nutrients present in human food which have not been utilized for new cell growth or energy consumption. In the present study two plant materials were selected- Solanum lycopersicum and Capsicum sp. In this study, soil analysis as well as estimation of protein, ascorbic acid, proline and Ascorbate Peroxidase...
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...The Scientific Method The scientific method is a process for creating models of the natural world that can be verified experimentally. The scientific method requires making observations, recording data, and analyzing data in a form that can be duplicated by other scientists. In addition, the scientific method uses inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning to try to produce useful and reliable models of nature and natural phenomena. Inductive reasoning is the examination of specific instances to develop a general hypothesis or theory, whereas deductive reasoning is the use of a theory to explain specific results. The ‘scientific method’ merely refers to a broad framework for studying and learning more about the world around us in a scientific manner. It is not so much a series of absolute, unchangeable steps as a guideline to the method that must be used when trying to reach a scientifically acceptable theory about a subject matter. Therefore, it is not possible to provide a finite number of steps or an exact procedure for following the scientific method. However, the scientific method steps detailed below describe the main steps that scientists commonly take when conducting a scientific inquiry. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD HAS FIVE STEPS: 1. Observation and description of a phenomenon. The observations are made visually or with the aid of scientific equipment. 2. Ask a question, the purpose of the question is to narrow the...
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...Abstracts…………………………………………………………………………….…………….3 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………….4 Consumer Purchase of Organic Products……………………………………………….………..5 Methodology:………………………………………………………………………….………….7 * Procedure ………………………………………………………………………..……7 * Samples Description…………………………………………………………………..8 Results:………………………………………………………………………………….…………8 * Identification of Groups……………………………………………………………….9 * Preliminary Results…………………………………………………………………..10 * Invariance Testing……………………………………………………………………12 * Structural Modeling…………………………………………...……………………..14 Discussion………………………………………………………………………………….…….16 Conclusions………………………………………………………………………………………18 References……………………………………………………………………………………..…20 Abstracts In this paper, I analyze the market for organic products in eight European countries, based on differences in their respective value systems. With a significant sample of 8014 consumers, I first identify international segments in the European organic products market using the Values Theory. Then I apply the Theory of Planned Behavior to examine how European consumers use attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control to form their purchase intention for organic products. Results show that subjective norms are the main underlying factor driving consumer behavior concerning these products. This effect is higher for the group of countries whose citizens score higher on Schwartz's value scale. In this segment of countries, people are more likely...
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...market of 950 million people. But India is a diverse country where different states have different consumption patterns and customs. Thus competition has become the key word in today’s scenario. Till 1970’s and 80’s Maggie and Kissan were the major ketchup brands but after liberalization Heinz entered Indian market which offered tough competition. These major giants are also facing competition from many local players like Tops, Cremica and other local brands. Through this project we have studied 4 P’s of marketing mix which includes PRODUCT, PRICE, PLACE and PROMOTION for Maggi Tomato Ketchup. Product highlights various attributes of the product. Price helps us in analyzing whether it is competitively priced or not. Promotions showcases which mode of promotion is most effective and how do consumers respond to various celebrity endorsements. Place focuses on efficiency of distribution network of Maggi Tomato Ketchup. We have also drawn out some inferences by applying various statistical tools like ‘SIGN TEST’. Towards the end we have suggested some recommendations as a group on how can we improve the marketing mix of the product. Nestlé, which world knows as cautious and conservatory company is a Swiss originated 140 years old Multinational. The man at the helm is Swiss national Carlo Donati, an all inspiration and image of the company. His philosophy is ‘bottom line dictating top line’ based on delegation and decentralization. It resulted from a merger in...
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...QUALITY OF TOMATO FERTI LIZED WITH NITROGEN AND PHOSPHOROUS Abstract The influence of different levels of nitrogen (N1, N2), phosphorous (P1, P2) and N+P (N1P1, N1P2, N2P1, N2P2) mixed fertilizers was investigated on volatile substances, soluble sugars, organic acids, titratable acidity, dry matter and lycopene of “Corbarino” cherry-like tomatoes. The flavor volatiles reached the highest concentrations in red-ripe cherry-like tomatoes treated with N1. Glucose, fructose, dry matter and titratable acidity increased only in N+P fertilized samples. Among the organic acids, citric increased, malic decreased and oxalic was constant in all the fertilized samples. Lycopene reached the highest values in N2 and N2P2 samples. INTRODUCTION Tomato, a key vegetable in the Italian Mediterranean diet, has recently gaining been attention in relation to the prevention of some human diseases. This interest is due to the presence of carotenoids and particularly lycopene, which is an unsaturated alkylic compound that appears to be an active compound in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular risk and in slowing down cellular aging, owing to its high antioxidant and antiradical power (GERSTER 1997; GIOVANNUCCI et al. 1995). Lycopene is found in fresh, redripe tomatoes as all-trans (79-91%) and cis- (9-21%) isomers (STAHH and SIES, 1992; SHI et al. 1999; BOILEAU et al. 2002). Lycopene and vitamins give a measure of the nutraceutical quality, while flavour volatiles, soluble sugars,...
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...TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory Join Search Browse Saved Papers Home Page » Science Three Day Diet Analysis In: Science Three Day Diet Analysis Three day diet analysis SCI/241 11/5/2012 Staying healthy is a hard thing to do, especially when you do not really have the time or motivation to pay attention to what you eat. I have a habit of buying and eating a lot of frozen foods, which includes frozen pizzas, beer battered fish filets, Mac and cheese, and garlic bread. I also cook some boxed dinners like hamburger or tuna helper to save time on cooking. In my daily diet there are usually not a lot of fruits and vegetables in my daily diet, unless there is some kind of tomato sauce or side’s corn or mixed vegetables. When I compared the three day analysis I found out that I do not have much of a pattern in my daily diet. Sometimes I eat a large amount of grain and other times I may eat the right amount of veggies. There has been a steady amount of bad fats in my diet and this plays a huge role in why I am a little overweight. I consumed 1738 calories in a day; my diet is not at all what the Pyramid recommends. I consumed: 1 ½ ounces of grains and the...
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...Altering God’s Creation – Research the history, use, and effects of man-made alterations to our food supply including but not limited to GMOs and pesticides. Include the short and long-term effects on our system from a physiological perspective. Weigh the benefits to the detriments and provide a recommendation for or against the use of man-made alterations including a Biblical perspective. Research must come from full-text, scholarly journals. In order to adequately complete the assignment expect your paper to be AT LEAST 5 pages in length [normal margins, 12pt of reasonable font, single spaced]. Your paper MUST be submitted to Edvance360 on the day it is due BEFORE the start of class that day. LATE WORK WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED, NO EXCEPTIONS!! (8 hours) In our world today there are multiple different types of foods that have been altered to fit peoples standards or make them taste better. One of those ways is called GMO. GMO is known as generically modified organisms and it changes the way food is made within the DNA. GM food was originated “between 1997 and 1999, gene-modified (GM) ingredients suddenly appeared in 2/3rds of all US processed foods. This food alteration was fueled by a single Supreme Court ruling. It allowed, for the first time, the patenting of life forms for commercialization. Since then thousands of applications for experimental GM organisms have been filed with the US Patent Office alone, and many more abroad. “ (http://www.disabled-world.com/fitness/gm-foods...
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...Executive summary Recent success in the Indian market of pasta has compelled Nestle Bangladesh to introduce new snack “Maggi Pasta” in Bangladeshi market. This snack is still not that much popular because of unavailability and high price. Beside that no other company is producing or supplying a good amount of pasta in the local market. This gives a huge advantage to Nestle Bangladesh ltd. to enter in a very less competitive market and enjoy the first mover advantage. The company will get benefit from already a well established distribution channel of nestle and its’ dexterous staff to give the product in the peak of its success. The expected market share could be achieved by a sound promotion policy and by the brand name of Nestle as the maggi noodles is already a well known product. This instant pasta mix will attract customers just like it attracted the noodles customers. And as a different product it will be able to gain more market share by creating a completely new market. New types of pasta will be introduced to the market to keep the market in hand and the beginning will have a pasta festival that will create a brand value, promote the product, strengthen the brand in the customers’ mind and make customers believe that the only instant pasta mix provider in the market is maggi. The company is expecting to have a 40 percent share of the market at the first quarter and what will reach in 80/85 percent at the end of the year. Production cost could be minimized by nestle...
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... DM13151035 ABSTRACT The first and foremost reason of taking up this project was the great growth shown by Bingo chips even after the presence of well established competitors such as Pepsi Co. What I have tried to understand in this research is the satisfaction level and the preference of consumers towards Bingo chips introduced by ITC. I even intend to study the most popular flavor of Bingo chips in the market amongst the sample chosen. Wafer and Snack industry are a very minor part of the food processing industry as the snack sector is largely unorganized. For this a survey was conducted in GREATER NOIDA where respondents were asked to fill a questionnaire The data was collected and analyzed to obtain conclusions This report carries an introduction of the company profile, detail of the methodology followed detailed data analysis and the results so obtained with the variety of graphs along with given. Table of contents S.No | TOPICS | 1. | Acknowledgement | 2. | Overview about the snack industry | 3. | SWOT analysis of snack industry | 4. | Company Profile | 5. | Strategies followed by ITC | 6. | Literature Review | 7. | Research Objectives | 8. | Research Design and Methodology | 9. | Data collection | 10. | Data analysis method | 11. | Analysis and Interpretation | 12. | Findings and Conclusion | 13. | Bibliography | Acknowledgement Every study requires a guidance of someone who is working in that...
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...management | Consumer driven supply chains: the case of Dutch organic tomato | Author: F. Anastasiadis, Y.K. van Dam | MKT 625 | | | Introduction Supply chain management refers to the efficient integration of various processes involved in turning resources into consumer products. Effectiveness of the supply chain is more easily understood in terms of Value Chain Management, and the integration of processes that turn resources into consumer value. The current paper reports two studies into the value chain of organic produce in Netherlands. The paper combines two different research approaches to study which consumer motives and values are the main drivers of organic consumption. These motives are centered on hedonic, benevolent, and Universalist values. The study reconfirms earlier findings that health and taste are important motives driving organic food consumption, and that next to this environmental friendliness and naturalness are important drivers. More fundamentally, the consumption value of organic food is strongly related to social and ethical principles and beliefs. By committing it to superior ethical performance the organic supply chain could create a competitive advantage that is not easily copied by competing products. Objectives of the Study The basic objective is to understand consumer product knowledge and motivations with respect to organic products. In other words, this research focuses on the consumers’ beliefs towards organic products and...
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...5/17/13 Share 0 Free Research Projects: Research Project on Amul More Next Blog» Create Blog Sign In Free Research Projects The collection of free sample research projects and research project examples on any topics, disciplines. Free research projects, research papers and research proposals for high school, college, University, Master's and PhD students. Wednesday, July 6, 2011 Search This Blog Research Project on Amul Search Research Project on Amul TIRED of powdered soups? Here is an option from the brand leaders in the dairy industry Amul. Having continued to enjoy number one status in practically all the dairy products in India, Amul has now introduced ready to use soups in tetra packs of one litre. To begin with the Masti soups have been introduced in two flavours Hot Sour and Tomato. Says Amul's General Manager (Marketing) R S Sodhi, “It is a test marketing drive in Gujarat and in a month or two it will be introduced all over India.” And there isn't much competition for there are not many companies in India that sell ready to use (just pour and heat) soups, he adds. The tetra packs are available in all outlets selling Amul products. Research Paper Writing Service At www.EffectivePapers.com you can get a custom research paper or research project on any topic and subject. Professional PhD and Master's writers will write a highquality custom paper for you!!! Order Research Project now : Order a custom research project on Amul now! Yes the...
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...fulfillment of the requirements for the course Unit SBT 414: RESEARCH PROJECT in the Bachelor of Science (Microbiology and Biotechnology) Degree. AMWAYI ANGELA LUKALE I23/3384/2008. Signature…………………… Date……………………….. SUPERVISOR: DR. P.M WACHIRA Signature …………………… Date………………………. SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES. UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI. 2011-2012 DECLARATION iii DEDICATION iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v ABSTRACT vi CHAPTER ONE 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 JUSTIFICATION 2 1.2 OBJECTIVES 3 1.2.1 Broad objective 3 1.2.2 Specific objectives 4 CHAPTER TWO 4 LITERATURE REVIEW 4 2.1 Trichoderma Spp. 4 2.2 Fusarium species 8 CHAPTER THREE 11 MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY. 11 3.1 Media Preparation 11 3.2 Isolation of pathogenic fungi (Fusarium spp). 12 3.4 Dual culture inoculation 13 CHAPTER FOUR 13 RESULTS 13 CHAPTER FIVE 18 DISCUSSION 18 CHAPTER SIX 20 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 20 REFERENCES 21 8. Dudley, N. S. (2007). Pathogenicity of four Fusarium species on Acacia koa seedlings. Missoula, MT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, Forest Health Protection. 21 12. James, R. L. (2002). Biological control of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium proliferatum on young Douglas-fir seedlings by a nonpathogenic strain of Fusarium oxysporum. Missoula, MT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region. 21 21. Ozbay, N. (2003). Biocontrol of Fusarium crown and root rot of fresh market tomato with Trichoderma harzianum strains under greenhouse...
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