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Integrative Case 2 ­ Track Software, Inc.

Seven years ago, after 15 years in public accounting, Stanley Booker, CPA, resigned his position as manager of cost systems for Davis, Cohen, and
O�Brien Public Accountants and started Track Software, Inc. In the 2 years preceding his departure from Davis, Cohen, and O�Brien, Stanley had spent nights and weekends developing a sophisticated cost­accounting software program that became Track�s initial product offering. As the firm grew, Stanley planned to develop and expand the software product offerings, all of which would be related to streamlining the accounting processes of medium­ to large­ sized manufacturers.

Although Track experienced losses during its first 2 years of operation�2009 and 2010�its profit has increased steadily from 2011 to the present (2015).
The firm�s profit history, including dividend payments and contributions to retained earnings, is summarized in Table 1.

Stanley started the firm with a $100,000 investment: his savings of $50,000 as equity and a $50,000 long­term loan from the bank. He had hoped to maintain his initial 100 percent ownership in the corporation, but after experiencing a $50,000 loss during the first year of operation (2009), he sold 60 percent of the stock to a group of investors to obtain needed funds. Since then, no other stock transactions have taken place. Although he owns only 40 percent of the firm, Stanley actively manages all aspects of its activities; the other stockholders are not active in management of the firm. The firm�s stock was valued at $4.50 per share in 2014 and at $5.28 per share in 2015.

TABLE 1
Track Software, Inc.,
Profit, Dividends, and Retained Earnings, 2009�2015
Net profits

Dividends

Contribution to

after taxes paid

retained earnings

Year

(1)

(2)

[(1) ­ (2)] = (3)

2009

($50,000)

$0

($50,000)

2010

(20,000)

0

(20,000)

2011

15,000

0

15,000

2012

35,000

0

35,000

2013

40,000

1,000

39,000

2014

43,000

3,000

40,000

2015

48,000

5,000

43,000

Stanley has just prepared the firm�s 2015 income statement, balance sheet, and statement of retained earnings, shown in Tables 2, 3, and 4, along with the 2014 balance sheet. In addition, he has compiled the 2014 ratio values and industry average ratio values for 2015, which are applicable to both 2014 and
2015 and are summarized in Table 5. He is quite pleased to have achieved record earnings of $48,000 in 2015, but he is concerned about the firm�s cash flows. Specifically, he is finding it more and more difficult to pay the firm�s bills in a timely manner and generate cash flows to investors, both creditors and owners. To gain insight into these cash flow problems, Stanley is planning to determine the firm�s 2015 operating cash flow (OCF) and free cash flow
(FCF).

Stanley is further frustrated by the firm�s inability to afford to hire a software developer to complete development of a cost estimation package that is believed to have �blockbuster� sales potential. Stanley began development of this package 2 years ago, but the firm�s growing complexity has forced him to devote more of his time to administrative duties, thereby halting the development of this product.

Stanley�s reluctance to fill this position stems from his concern that the added $80,000 per year in salary and benefits for the position would certainly lower the firm�s earnings per share (EPS) over the next couple of years. Although the project�s success is in no way guaranteed, Stanley believes that if the money were spent to hire the software developer, the firm�s sales and earnings would significantly rise once the 2­ to 3­year development, production, and marketing process was completed.

With all these concerns in mind, Stanley set out to review the various data to develop strategies that would help ensure a bright future for Track Software.
Stanley believed that as part of this process, a thorough ratio analysis of the firm�s 2015 results would provide important additional insights.

TABLE 2
Track Software, Inc., Income Statement ($000) for the Year Ended December 31, 2015
Sales revenue

$1,550

Less: Cost of goods sold $1,030

Gross profits

$520

Less: Operating expenses
Selling expense

$150

General and administrative expenses

270

Depreciation expense

11

Total operating expense

431

Operating profits (EBIT)

$89

Less: Interest expense

29

Net profits before taxes

$60

Less: Taxes (20%)

12

Net profits after taxes

$48

TABLE 3
Track Software, Inc., Balance Sheet ($000) December 31
Assets

2015

2014

Cash

$12

$31

Marketable securities

66

82

Accounts receivable

152

104

Inventories

191

145

Total current assets

$421

$362

Gross fixed assets

$195

$180

Less: Accumulated depreciation

63

52

Net fixed assets

$132

$128

Total assets

$553

$490

Accounts payable

$136

$126

Notes payable

200

190

Accruals

27

25

Total current liabilities

$363

$341

Long­term debt

$38

$40

Liabilities and stockholders� equity

Long­term debt

$38

$40

Total liabilities

$401

$381

at $0.40 par value)

$20

$20

Paid­in capital in excess of par

30

30

Retained earnings

102

59

Total stockholders� equity

$152

$109

Total liabilities and stockholders� equity

$553

$490

Common stock (50,000 shares outstanding

TABLE 4

BOOKS

STUDY

TUTORS

INTERNSHIPS

COLLEGES

PLAY

Track Software, Inc.,
Statement of Retained Earnings ($000) for the Year Ended December 31, 2015
Retained earnings balance (January 1, 2015)

$59

Plus: Net profits after taxes (for 2015)

48

Less: Cash dividends on common stock (paid during 2015)

5

Retained earnings balance (December 31, 2015)

$102

TABLE 5
Industrial
Actual

Average

Ratio

2014

2015

Current ratio

1.06

1.82

Quick ratio

0.63

1.1

Inventory turnover

10.4

12.45

Average collection period (days)

29.6

20.2

Total asset turnover

2.66

3.92

Debt ratio

0.78

0.55

Times interest earned ratio

3

5.6

Gross profit margin

32.1%

42.3%

Operating profit margin

5.5%

12.4%

Net profit margin

3.0%

4.0%

Return on total assets (ROA)

8.0%

15.6%

Return on common equity (ROE)

36.4%

34.7%

Price/earnings (P/E) ratio

5.2

7.1

Market/book (M/B) ratio

2.1

2.2

TO DO

a. (1) On what financial goal does Stanley seem to be focusing?

Is it the correct goal? Why or why not?

(2) Could a potential agency problem exist in this firm?
Explain.

b. Calculate the firm�s earnings per share (EPS) for each year, recognizing that the number of shares of common stock outstanding has remained unchanged since the firm�s inception.

Comment on the EPS performance in view of your response in part a.

c. Use the financial data presented to determine Track�s operating cash flow (OCF) and free cash flow (FCF) in 2015.

Evaluate your findings in light of Track�s current cash flow difficulties.

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