...1.) Because of the fact thatBL Gupta revealed the undisclosed profits of Goldman Sachs to another person, he is being tried for insider trading. The undisclosed profits of Goldman Sachs could affect the value of its stock. If the profits were up, then Raj would have been able to buy stock and then when the profits were announced, would be able to sell it and make money. If Raj already had stock, then he could have sold it then, and wouldn’t incur the loss if Sachs’s profits went down. He could have also used this information to gain investors, if it happened to be that they were competitors, and that Goldman Sachs’s profits were down. So it seems that giving out the undisclosed profits for Goldman Sachs’s could have indeed affected the future value of the stock, and is therefore deemed as insider trading. 2.) In Federal courts, you’re being sued for criminal actions, while in Administrative you’re tried for not complying by the rules. If there wasn’t a huge event, then administrative would be much easier to go through, because you do not have a jury. The SEC filed a public administrative proceeding against Gupta, which is determined under SEC rules, not the federal laws of civil procedures. All of these factors would have led up to Gupta losing his case, however, he managed to get the case into Federal courts instead of administrative. 3.) Gupta might have some defense, because he could claim that the revelation of the profits made was not “material”. He could...
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...Carbon Credit How company’s Generating profit An Interactive Research Project Report Submitted to the Faculty of AMITY BUSINESS SCHOOL AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH by Aamir Malik(B 43) Anuj Dubey(B 55) MBA (G) 2013-2015 October 2013 __________________________________________________ INDEX S.No | Topic | Page No. | 1. | Acknowledgement | 4 | 2. | Abstract | 5 | 3. | Introduction | 5-6 | 4. | How carbon credit Trading works | 7 | 5. | Global Scenario | 8 | 6. | Analyzing Indian Scenario | 9 | 7. | Benefits for India | 10-11 | 8. | Financing Up port in India | 11-12 | 9. | Business Mechanism and Carbon exchange | 12-13 | 10. | CDM process and carbon Trading | 14 | 11. | Accounting and Tax treatment In different Countries | 15-17 | 12. | CASE 1: Buddhil Hydro Electric Power Ltd. | 18-20 | 13. | CASE 2: Greenply Industries Ltd. | 21-22 | 14. | CASE 3: Reliance Power | 23 | 15. | Future Of Carbon Trading | 24-25 | 16. | Conclusion | 26 | 17. | References | 27 | ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. I am highly indebted to Ms. Lakhwinder Kaur Dhillon Mam for their guidance and constant supervision...
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...Morgan Stanley managing director was jailed for seven years for trading with inside information. He brought shares of the Chinese commodities trader after realizing the proposed acquisition of oilfield assets while he was helping it to sell bonds. He was then ordered to compensate HK$23.9 million to investors who sold him shares in 2007 after his conviction with his assets frozen by SFC at the same time. 2. Causes and Antecedents 2.1 Breach of fiduciary duties Du’s failure to perform his fiduciary duty can be attributed to an easy access to nonpublic securities in the company. He was made privy to the details of the pitching exercise of Kazakhstan acquisition and handled a lot of confidential e-mails related to the project. Taking the advantage of this privilege, he got permitted to trade in CRH’s shares with approval from his designated manager without critical scrutiny. During the transaction, Du did not act with integrity in the best interest of his trustees. Instead he breached his duties and committed fraud by having 10 purchases of CRH shares before the announcement of its proposal and that alleged an act of insider dealing contrary to the Securities and Futures Ordinance (SFC). He even counseled and procured his wife to deal in the listed securities of CRH. 2.2 Inadequacy of internal control system A well-developed and comprehensive internal control system should be implemented to detect abnormalities in trading activities. In 2007, Du successfully made surroundings within...
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...Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review Volume 39 | Issue 2 Article 7 6-1-2012 Accounting for Emissions Trading: How Allowances Appear on Financial Statements Could Influence the Effectiveness of Programs to Curb Pollution Laura E. Souchik Follow this and additional works at: http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/ealr Part of the Environmental Law Commons Recommended Citation Laura E. Souchik, Accounting for Emissions Trading: How Allowances Appear on Financial Statements Could Influence the Effectiveness of Programs to Curb Pollution, 39 B.C. Envtl. Aff. L. Rev. 475 (2012), http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/ealr/vol39/iss2/7 This Notes is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. For more information, please contact nick.szydlowski@bc.edu. ACCOUNTING FOR EMISSIONS TRADING: HOW ALLOWANCES APPEAR ON FINANCIAL STATEMENTS COULD INFLUENCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROGRAMS TO CURB POLLUTION Laura E. Souchik* Abstract: Cap-and-trade programs to curb carbon emissions frequently rely on the use of tradable emissions credits known as “allowances.” To date, companies' presentations of their usage of these allowances on their financial statements has not been uniform. Cap-and-trade programs will be most effective when presentation of allowances on...
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...Amongst some of the most famous and successful business women in America, Martha Stewart has been recognized for her successful business ventures in broadcasting, merchandising, publishing as well as a spokeswoman. Martha Stewart is a self-made entrepreneur with a fixation for money and never having enough. Stewart is a relentless workaholic who wished to earn every penny possible. Martha Stewart was known to be rude, profane, impatient and self-centered. Her coworkers had witnessed her fits of anger and never heard her apologize or admit she was wrong. Her stubborn compulsive and greedy personality is what would eventually lead to the downfall and public scrutiny of Martha Stewart. Martha Stewart was bashed by numerous media outlets for selling nearly 4,000 shares of ImClone right before the stock took a devastating drop in the price per share. Stewart was the topic of conversation as media headlines brought serious attention to the questionable stock trade. Headlines such as “Martha’s Prison Everyday Collection” from the New York Post and other negative publicity aroused from big name media sources. All this negative publicity destroyed Martha Stewart and her image however it came as a relief to Douglas Faneuil the stockbrocker’s assistant who played a crucial role in the ImClone trade. “In many ways, the intense press coverage and public mention of Stewart’s involvement came as a relief to Faneuil. He didn’t feel so alone. It wasn’t just him against Peter and Martha...
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...shareholder. A company can own property transact its own business and own property in its own name. Once established, company shareholders have limited liability to the extent of their shareholding. The responsibilities of a company are carried out by its board of directors. The board is mandated to carry out the transactions of the company while observing due care and diligence. In the event of insolvency, directors are required to take all the necessary steps towards protecting the assets of the company. At this juncture, they have a fiduciary responsibility to the creditors of the company. A director will be held personally liable in the event of fraudulent and wrongful trading by the directors. A director who has self interest or biased towards particular creditors may be liable for damages incase the company is wound up. Introduction Facts and Issues from the Story Dart Limited (“company”) a company listed in the Australian security exchange was performing well till the y mid 2007, where it incurred a substantial debt to various banks. To reduce the debt, the company began selling assets. From early 2008, the expenses of the company exceeded the available recurrent income. The monthly interest payable to the banks was running at about $1 million, or $12 million per year, and corporate overheads (such as rent) totaled about $500,000 per year. Predicted cash receipts from the company’s only ongoing business operations were about $10 million. Alan Baxter was employed...
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...mjac_dubd@yahoo.com Introduction Abstract Climate change, as an international environmental issue, is getting a lot of attention. The negative effects of climate change have become one of the most talked about issues among Governments, scientists, environmentalists and others. It is said that business activities are affecting the climate negatively. In order to minimize the negative effects of climate change, the activities of the businesses should be controlled and encouraged to perform in a socially responsible manner. The article focuses on the responsibilities and the responses of businesses on climate change issues. The article first highlights on two prominent issues: Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Environmental Responsibility. Then the article introduces climate change as an international environmental concern. Then, by going through several published literature, the article highlights various responsibilities of business towards climate change issues. The article also highlights the several strategies the businesses are following to respond to the climate change issues. Any business is a social unit. It is said that business and society have a symbiotic relationship. On one hand, businesses help society by creating employment and providing better products or services to the people of the society and thus...
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...were enacted by congress with the intent of protecting investors engaged in securities transactions and assuring public confidence in the integrity of the securities markets.1 The government also created the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to protect the financial markets by enforcing the Securities Exchange Act.2 One of the most important issues covered by the Securities Exchange Act concerns illegal insider trading in which individuals sell or purchase investments based on privileged inside information. Illegal insider trading activities significantly harm the integrity and stability of the securities markets. Thus, it is critical for people to understand and adhere to the requirements set forth by the Securities Exchange Act to prevent illegal insider trading, and it is equally important for those individuals who break the law and engage in these prohibited activities to be prosecuted and punished accordingly. There are two forms of insider trading, one that is considered legal and the other that is clearly illegal. The legal form of insider trading involves corporate officers and directors who buy and sell stock within their own companies on the basis on publically available information. So, once the company releases confidential information to the public, then the insiders are allowed to legally make their trades based on that...
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...billion – The revenue can be used to invest in renewable energy, efficiency, low-carbon transportation technologies, green-collar job training etc Carbon Reduction Targets Source: “Review of Forestry Carbon Standards”, Imperial College London More on Cap & Trade • The cons: – Hard to quantify the effects of carbon emissions, hence put a price – Implementing, monitoring is a challenge – Highly political, highly manipulative Source: Members’ understanding EU-Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) • • • • • • Largest multi-national emissions trading scheme in the world. The objective of EU-ETS is reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in a costeffective and economically-efficient manner. It currently limits CO2 emissions from approximately 12,000 facilities in the 27 EU Member States. Operational Mechanism is via the allocation and trade of CO2 emissions allowances. Long term goal - de-carbonization of EU economy Carbon trading was kick started in January 2005 Source: EU-Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) • • • • • The emission...
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...a brief summary about the CPRS scheme in detail. In the second place, there is an analysis about major and minor financial management decisions. In the final place, the impacts of CPRS on its financial management decision will be raised. All in all, the conclusion is a summary of the aim of the essay and how to achieve this aim. The CPRS scheme The emissions trading scheme (ETS) in Australia is called Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS). Australia is very vulnerable to the effects of climate change. They recognize that human activity is causing the climate change and also Australia is one of the biggest polluters on a per capita basis. The CPRS will help reduce Australia’s carbon pollution by putting a price on carbon for the first time in Australia’s history. The carbon price means that goods that are emissions intensive to produce will generally become more expensive, and that emissions intensive activities will cost businesses more. The main driver of the Government's plan to reduce Australia's greenhouse gas emissions is the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS). This is an emissions trading scheme which will use a cap and trade mechanism. The cap - an upper limit on the...
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...1.1 Origin of the Report As part of the term paper of Evening Masters of Business Administration (EMBA) course requirement, we are assigned the topic “Carbon Accounting” by our course teacher for accomplishing our report. 1.2 Objectives of the report ➢ To attain the skill of report writing. ➢ To achieve deep knowledge about Carbon Accounting. ➢ To fulfill the partial requirement of our course of Accounting for Managers. 1.3 Methodology of the report This study was a descriptive research where we have been analyzed mainly secondary data to understand the Carbon Accounting and its application. All the data has gathered for report writing during term. Information collected to furnish this report is mainly from secondary in nature such as related books, journals, periodicals and Websites etc. 1.4 Limitations of the report We have tried our level best to find out the opportunity of work for overcoming the limitation but due to shortage of time, official compulsion and lack of availability of required data it was not possible to collect huge information about the topic. Other limitation is our report is mostly text based. 1.5 What is Carbon Accounting? Carbon accounting refers generally to processes undertaken to "measure" amounts of carbon dioxide equivalents emitted by an entity. It is used by nation states, corporations and individuals. It is the process of measuring, monitoring, benchmarking and reporting an organization Greenhouse Gas Emissions in a defined...
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...any facility of any national securities exchange,(a) To employ any device, scheme, or artifice to defraud,(b) To make any untrue statement of a material fact or to omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, or(c) To engage in any act, practice, or course of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon any person, in connection with the purchase or sale of any security. SEC v. Antar, 15 F. Supp. 2d 477 (D.N.J. 1998) dealt with whether corporate insiders traded in the securities of his corporation on the basis of material and nonpublic information. The defendants participated in multifaceted fraud schemes for the purpose of artificially inflating the price of stock, selling their substantial stock holdings to an unwitting public, and profiting in excess of $20 million. The court stated that shareholders of a corporation and those insiders who obtain confidential information by reason of their position with the corporation have a relationship of trust and confidence and that trading on such information qualifies as a "deceptive device" under § 10(b). The Securities Act was...
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...Macquarie University Master of Applied Finance ------------------------------------------------- Emissions Trading ------------------------------------------------- Assignment 2 ------------------------------------------------- Onesteel Prepared by: Wayne Andrews Student number: 41712986 September 2011 Subject Number : ECFS905 Lecturer : Julian Turecek Class : Sydney P. T. Company Selection Select an ASX200 company that is expected to have a carbon exposure equal to or greater than 2% of EBITDA at a $23/t carbon price. Question 1 Determine the company’s carbon exposure, including direct (Scope 1) and indirect (Scope 2) emissions and establish that its exposure is greater than 2%. The following table summarises Onesteel’s actual and estimated for FY10, FY11 and FY12 emissions and imputed carbon cost under the currently proposed Carbon Tax, relative to reported EBITDA. Table 1 – Implied impact of carbon pricing imputed to 2010 results | Company Guidance | Fixed Price imputed for comparison | Fiscal year commencing | FY10 | FY10 | FY11 | FY12 | Carbon Price (FY10/11 theoretical) | 23.0 | 23.0 | 23.0 | 23.0 | EITE Assistance Rate | 94.5% | 94.5% | 94.5% | 94.5% | EBIT DA $Mil | 619.0 | 619.0 | 638.0 | 717.6 | Type 1 Emissions | 2.55 | 2.55 | 2.66 | 3.05 | Type 2 Emissions | 1.34 | 1.34 | 1...
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...Illegal insider trading is when nonpublic corporate information has influenced a trade when someone buys or sells. When someone uses this information it allows them to gain an unfair advantage over other investors causing the market to gain or lose money. If insider trading were allowed then people that invested would no longer feel confident to invest. The legal way to gain an advantage over other investors would be for them to obtain skills in analyzing and understanding accessible information. According to the Securities and Exchange Commission, "Under Rule 10b5-1, the SEC defines insider trading as any securities transaction made when the person behind the trade is aware of nonpublic material information, and is hence violating his or her duty to maintain confidentiality of such knowledge"(Reem Heakal). An insider consists of someone who is accessible to information that has not yet been released to the public. These include CEO’s, executives, and directors that are exposed to the information. Insiders that also may have to keep quit consist of Accountants and Investment Bankers. According to the article by Reem Heakal, "In the second part of Rule 10b5-2, the SEC has outlined three nonexclusive instances that call for a duty of trust or confidentiality: (1) when a person expresses his or her agreement to maintain confidentiality, (2) when history, pattern and/or practice show that a relationship has mutual confidentiality and (3) when a person hears information from a spouse...
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...ATMonitor team would like to thank all members and experts that have generously contributed to the success of MyATMonitor. ATMonitor Team. www.atmonitor.co.uk 2 Fragmentation of Liquidity ATMonitor Commentary Experts Panellists (in the order of appearance): Steve Grob Director of Group Strategy, Fidessa Steve is responsible for Fidessa’s strategic development.This includes the development of new geographic markets and strategic partnerships and driving new industry initiatives. As part of this Steve heads up the firm’s strategy in response to the fragmentation of the equities trading landscape, managing the firm’s initiatives in conjunction with both the established exchanges and the new and emerging alternative liquidity venues and dark pools. Steve has also played a significant part in bringing the Fidessa Fragmentation Index (FFI) and the Fragulator® to the wider trading community. He provides a regular commentary on the issues...
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