...physician. One area men should pay close attention to is the prostate. The prostate is a male reproductive gland that produces the fluid that carries sperm during ejaculation. It surrounds the urethra, the tube through which urine passes out of the body. As men age, past the age of fifty, it is common for the prostate to become enlarged, a condition known as BPH. BPH stands for benign (non-cancerous) prostatic hyperplasia or hypertrophy. It is a condition where the prostate becomes enlarged making urination more difficult by narrowing the urethra. BPH can be effectively treated by surgery and certain medications. The cause of BPH still remains a mystery. However, there is some research that suggests it is possible that the condition is associated with hormonal changes that occur as men age. The testes produce the hormone called testosterone. Testosterone is converted to DHT and estrogen in certain tissues. High levels of DHT, a testosterone derivative that is involved in prostate growth may accumulate and cause hyperplasia. The problem that remains is how and why the levels of DHT increase. (Medline Plus) Another reason they feel hormones play a role is because if the testicles are removed after the development of BPH, the prostate begins to shrink in size. Whatever the cause, an enlarging prostate gradually narrows the urethra and obstructs the flow of urine. BPH is part of the aging process. Actual changes in the prostate may start as early as the 30s but take place very gradually...
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...Prostate cancer Introduction Prostate cancer is a cancerous tumor in the prostate gland, a small walnut-sized gland in men that makes seminal fluid, which helps carry sperm out of the body. The prostate is located beneath the bladder and surrounds the urethra, the tube that carries urine out through the penis. Prostate tumors can be benign or cancerous. With benign tumors, the prostate gets bigger and squeezes the urethra, interrupting the normal flow of urine. This condition, called benign prostate hyperplasia or BPH, is common and not usually life threatening. Prostate cancer -- one of the most common kinds of cancer in men -- can spread beyond the prostate gland and be life threatening. Prostate cancer is the third most common cause of cancer deaths in men of all ages and the most common cause in men over 75 years old. Men younger than 40 don't usually get prostate cancer. Some are at higher risk, including African-American men older than 60, farmers, tire plant workers, painters, and men exposed to cadmium. Most cancerous tumors in the prostate grow slowly and either don't spread or don't cause harm for decades. When caught early, prostate cancer can be treated successfully in more than 90% of cases. Men 50 years old and older should talk to their doctors about being screened for prostate cancer. Signs and Symptoms Many people with prostate cancer have no symptoms at all, especially in the early stages. Some symptoms that may indicate prostate cancer...
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...inflammation of the kidney Nephritis 4. enlargement of the liver Hepatomegaly 5. incision to remove a stone Lithotomy 6. fixation of the intestine Enteropexy 7. artificial opening in the colon Colostomy 8. incision into the abdomen Laparotomy 9. absence of one or both testes Anarchism 10. rupture of the uterus Hysterorrhexis 11. excision of the prostate gland Prostatectomy 12. visual examination of the vagina Colposcopy 13. surgical repair of a testicle Orchiopexy 14. discharge of milk Galactorrhea 15. difficult labour or delivery Dystocia 16. suture of the tongue Glossorrhaphy 17. surgical puncture of the abdomen Abdominocentesis 18. pus in the urine Pyuria 19. pertaining to above the kidney Suprarenal 20. narrowing of the urethra Urethral Stricture Question 2 Give the meaning of each of the abbreviations below. Abbreviation Medical Meaning 1. LUQ Left upper quadrant 2. GI Gastrointestinal 3. OGD Oesophago-gastro duedenoscopy 4. CVS Chorionic villus sampling 5. STD Sexually transmitted disease 6. IUD Intrauterine device 7. TURP Transurethral resection of the prostate 8. DRE Digital rectal exam 9. UTI Urinary Tract Infection 10. C&S Culture and sensitivity Question 3 Using your learning resources, give a brief definition of each of the following medical terms. Medical Term Definition 1. chronic Describing a disease of long duration involving very slow changes. 2. sign An indication of a particular disorder...
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...6/11/13 NUR202 Answer the following three questions (3.30 points) The purpose of the procedure 2 nursing priorities 1 complication 1. What is a TURP? A TURP, other wise known as a transurethral resection of the prostate, is type of prostate surgery done to relieve moderate to severe urinary retention symptoms caused by an enlarged/swollen prostate. The physician essentially trims away part of the prostate to relieve the blocked urine flow. In layman’s terms (however it doesn’t sound so appealing) one could think of this as a “rotorouter” which corrects the block! RN diagnoses would be: 1. Acute pain r/t procedure aeb the patient stating he is in pain 2. Risk for TURP syndrome related to invasive procedure 3. Risk for hemorrhage related to invasive procedure Two RN priorities would include monitoring the patient for pain and preventing and monitoring for hemorrhage and TURP syndrome, which is the most serious complication of a TURP. Abnormal vascular absorption of irrigation fluid during surgery causes severe hyponatremia and hypervolemia. So the RN must assess for: dramatic increase in BP, bounding pulses, bradycardia, tachypnea, and altered mental status. The RN must also monitor for bleeding related to the invasive procedure since hemorrhage is the most common complication. To monitor for hemorrhage the RN can assess vital signs (mostly pulse, bp) every four hours, assess urinary output for color, consistency, and amount, and remind the patient...
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...| MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM | | | | 10/24/2014 | Contents Vasectomy 3 BPH – Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia 4 ED – Erectile Dysfunction 6 Andropause 7 Gynecomastia 8 PSA Testing 9 Peyronie’s Disease 10 Diphallia 12 Cryptorchidism 13 Orchiopexy 14 Prostate Cancer 15 STD’s 17 a) Chlamydia 17 b) Gonorrhea 18 c) Syphilis 19 d) Herpes Genitalis 20 Paternity Test 21 Viagra (sildenafil) 22 Circumcision 23 Vasectomy * A vasectomy is the surgical procedure performed on men in which the vas deferens (the tubes that carry the sperm from the testicles to the seminal vesicles) are cut, ties or cauterized. * The semen no longer contains sperm after the tubes are cut, so conception cannot occur. The testicles continue to produce sperm, but they die and are absorbed by the body. * There are 4 types of vasectomies: * Traditional vasectomy – the doctor will make an incision on the scrotum, allowing access to the vas deferens, which will then be cut. * No-scalpel vasectomy – the doctor cut the vas deferens via a small hole on the scrotum. * Clip vasectomy – small clamps are used to block the vas deferens instead of severing it. * Laser vasectomy – the vase deferens are cut and cauterized with a surgical laser * The vasectomy procedure prevents the release of sperm when a man ejaculates. The man will still produce semen, but will be sperm free. * Vasectomies may be reversed, however...
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...Management of the disease Medical There is no cure for chronic kidney disease, but depending on the underlying condition that caused the disease will determine the treatment of the disease. Medications that will be administered are high blood pressure medications such as ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers, erythropoietin supplements, statins to lower cholesterol, diuretics, calcium and vitamin D supplements, and a low protein diet is also advised to minimize wastes in the blood. If the kidneys are damaged and cannot function properly anymore, dialysis or a kidney transplant may be needed. Nursing Adequate monitoring of dietary measures is important in controlling the complications of the disease, such as monitoring sodium, potassium, protein, and/or fluids is important depending on the severity of the disease. Precise monitoring of intake and output are extremely important in this patient, due to the possible retention of fluids. Assisting the person...
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...the thyroid is enlarged due to the excess hormone (Nowak 470). 6. What is the doctor concerned with when they notices that Julie has “large eyes”? Grave’s disease is attacking the muscles and tissue around the eyes. This can affect the patient’s vision and can cause long-term damage to the eyes. 7. If Grave’s disease is confirmed, what is the most likely treatment? The treatment for Grave’s disease is medication, thyroid surgery and radioiodine treatment. Most likely she will go through radioiodine treatment as this is the most common treatment. Case #3: George is a 50 year old man that had a severe motorcycle accident 12 years ago. As a result of the accident, George had one kidney and part of his small intestine removed because they were hemorrhaging. Immediately following recovery, George had some weight loss that he was told to expect because of malabsorption caused by having his intestine removed. George has never returned to work due to his injuries, and mostly sits inside and watches TV and reads. Recently, however, George broke his wrist trying to catch himself from falling. When he was examined, he was told that his bones had become weak. 1. Define osteopenia and osteoporosis. Which does George seem to have? Osteoporosis is thinning of the bones (WebMD, 2015). Osteopenia is thinning of the bones but not severe enough to be considered osteoporosis (WebMD, 2015). Most likely George has Osteoporosis due to the fractures. 2. What is the most common type of fracture...
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...metoprolol, and hydrochlorothiazide. When she comes to your pharmacy to get her prescriptions, she walks slowly with a cane, and she is stooped over. 1. Identify age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes in older people. 2. Evaluate the pharmacotherapy regimens of older people to support the maintenance of optimal physical and mental function. 3. Identify inappropriate medication prescribing in older people. 4. Recommend appropriate pharmacotherapy for patients with dementia. 5. Evaluate the risks and benefits of the use of antipsychotics (APs) (including atypical APs) in older patients with dementia. 6. Recommend appropriate interventions for patients suffering from behavioral symptoms related to dementia. 7. Identify the types of urinary incontinence and recommend appropriate treatments. 8. Given a patient’s American Urology Association Symptom Index for benign prostatic hyperplasia, recommend appropriate therapy. 9. Recommend appropriate analgesic therapy for older patients with osteoarthritis. 10. Discuss risks and benefits of medication classes used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. 2. Which of the following is the single most important intervention you can make to reduce her risk of falls? A. Suggest to J.T. that her neurologist reassess her Parkinson disease...
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...coding use | Admission Summary Sheet | 3. N/A | Not Available | This information concerning the patient is not available | Admission Summary Sheet | 4. ER | Emergency Room | States where the patient was taken for medical care | History & Physical | 5. C/O | Complains of | She made complain of | History & Physical | 6. SOB | Shortness of breath | Symptoms she was having | History & Physical | 7. mg | Milligram | The dosage of medication used | History & Physical | 8. po | By mouth | Method the patient will take her meds | History & Physical | 9. tid | Three times a day | The amount of times the patient will take her medication a day | History & Physical | 10. qd | Everyday | The frequency the patient needs to take her medication | History & Physical | 11. qod | Every other day | Skip a day then take another dose | History & Physical | 12. qhs | Every day at hours of sleep | A specific time the patient needs to use her medication | History & Physical | 13. tabs...
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...Classifications and Drugs | Purpose | Side Effects | Contraindications and Cautions | Patient Education | Thiazides 1. Naturetin, bendroflumethiazide 2. Diuril, chlorothiazideLoop Diuretics 1. Edecrin, ethacrynic Acid 2. Demadex, torsemide 3. Bumex, bumetanidePotassium Sparing Agents 1. Dyrenium, 2. Midamor, amilorideCombination Poatssium Sparing and Thiazide Diuretics 1. Dyazide or Diazide 2. Maxzide, hydrochlorothiazide and triamtereneOsmotic Agents 1. Osmitrol, mannitol 2. Glycolax, polyethylene glycol 3350Uricosuric Agents 1. Probenecid 2. Enturan, sulfinpyrazoneAntigout Medication 1. Zyloprim, allopurinolAntispasmodic 1. Levsin/SL, yyoscyamine 2. Pamine, methscopolamine 3. Donnatal, belladonna alkaloids/phenobarbitalAnalgesic 1. Pyridium, phenazopyridineCholinergic 1. Ampyra, dalfampridineBPH TreatmentAntiandrogen 1. Tagamet, cimetidine 2. Casodex, bicalutamide 3. Eulexin, flutamide, Alpha Blockers 1. Revatio, sildenafil 2. Levitra, vardenafil 3. Mavik, trandolapril | Bendroflumethiazide is a thiazide diuretic. It works by helping the kidneys eliminate fluid from the body. Exactly how Bendroflumethiazide works to treat high blood pressure is unknown.Chlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic. It works by helping the kidneys eliminate fluid from your body. Exactly how Chlorothiazide works to treat high blood pressure is unknown.Edecrin is a loop diuretic. It works by making the kidneys eliminate larger amounts of electrolytes...
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...SULFONAMIDES Abstract Sulfonamides are among one of the oldest drugs to be used as antibiotics. They were invented in 1930's. Nowadays doctors prefer to prescribe them as the traditional drug of choice for urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases. Currently, the new development of antibiotics to combat illnesses caused by bacterial resistant strains and have limited the usefulness of Sulfa medications. Objectives Upon successful completion of this presentation you should be able to: • Understand and communicate your knowledge of Sulfonamides mode of action and bacterial resistance • Identify and understand the contra indications, common signs and symptoms of allergic reactions to Sulfonamides. • Identify 3 common trade names for sulfonamides and select indication for use between different patient population. Type and class of Pathogen Sulfonamides have been in use since the 1930's , these drugs are effective against both gram- negative and gram - positive bacteria. Sulfonamides are know as broad spectrum antimicrobial drugs; they are effective against a wide variety of microorganisms most Enterobacteriaceae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Nisseria, Haemophilus influenzae,, Norcardia, E.Coli , P. mirabilis some staphylococci, and many streptococci (with exception of Enterococcus faecalis). They are used for...
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...Why Does The Same Drug Affect People Differently? By: Brianna Morse Basic Genetics and the Inheritance of Genes What are Genetics? Have you ever wondered why you have your mother’s eyes of your father’s hair color? The simplest answer for this would be genetics. Genetics is the study of heredity or inheritance. Genetics helps to explain how traits are passed from parents to their young. Parents pass traits to their young through gene transmission (for example hair and eye color, shape of ears, cheek bones, and mouth shape). Genes are located on chromosomes and consist of DNA (A chromosome is a long, stringy aggregate of genes that carries heredity information (DNA) and is formed from condensed chromatin). They contain specific instructions for protein synthesis. A protein synthesis is the process in which cells build proteins, and a protein is a dietary component that helps with things such as building strong muscles and other parts of the body. Genetic Inheritance of Single Gene Disorders The genetic inheritance process can be useful in predicting what sorts of disorders or mutations that an offspring will have in the future. This can basically be explained and shown in a punnett square. A punnett square is a tool that helps to show all possible combinations of an offspring in a cross of parents the DNA with known genotypes in order to predict the probability of their offspring possessing certain sets of traits. It makes a grid using letters, capital letters to represent...
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...cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as "statins." It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering "bad" cholesterol and triglycerides and raising "good" cholesterol decreases the risk of heart diseases and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Take this medication by mouth with or without food as directed by your doctor, usually once daily. Example: mevacor Questran Take this medication by mouth as directed by your doctor, usually 1 to 2 times a day. This medication comes as a powder with doses measured by the scoopful (using the provided scoop) or in individual dose packets. Do not take your dose in the dry powder form. Mix the medication in at least 2 to 6 ounces (60 to 180 milliliters) of liquid (such as water, milk, fruit juice), stir completely, and drink immediately. Rinse your glass with more liquid and drink the rinse liquid to be sure that you have taken the entire dose. You may also mix this medication with watery soups, applesauce, or a pulpy fruit which has a lot of juice (such as crushed pineapple, peaches). Do not hold the...
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...Abstract There are many factors that contribute to the ability to conceive a child. The success depends on internal and external factors. Nutrition, diet and exercise are all key in the overall chance of conception. But there may be factors that may be out of your control. Infertility refers to the inability to conceive a child naturally. About 10% of women (6.1 million) that range in the ages of 15-44 have fertility issues. But infertility isn’t just a woman’s problem. One-third of all infertility issues are due to issues with the man. One of those is called Azoospermia. In a normal male, the testicles in the scrotum produce sperm that flows through the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal ducts. Sperm mixes with fluid in the seminal ducts to form semen. Azoospermia is a condition where there are no sperm in the semen. Non-obstructive Azoospermia refers to abnormal sperm production and obstructive Azoospermia refers to normal sperm production with some sort of obstruction. Many years ago there wasn’t much hope for those with non-obstructive Azoospermia as it was thought they would never be able to conceive a child. Luckily with advancements in testing and diagnostic procedures it is now known that there is an equal chance of the capability of both non-obstructive and obstructive Azoospermia men to conceive child through IVF treatments. What is the treatment for Azoospermia? Is there hope for those men with Azoospermia? Does the diagnosis of Azoospermia rule...
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...DMMA COLLEGE OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES College of Nursing Tigatto Road, Buhangin Davao City In Partial Fulfillment of the Course Requirements In Nursing Care Management 104 Related Learning Experience R/O Kawasaki Disease Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome Presented to: 4th year level clinical instructors of DMMA College of Southern Philippines Presented by: Cagabhion, Joanna Mae, Apurada,Ingrid Katrina Padilla,Chucky Angelo, Arevalo,Hanneli Mae Falco,Gracelyn Joy, Cubero,Elden Joy, Martin,Joani Joel, Bermoy,Floridel, Caluban,Lilibeth, Lumasag,Mark, Callar,Jonna INTRODUCTION Our human body is a very complex system. One functions for the benefit and or expense of another. Our subsystem is a vital as the other thus they are interrelated. Considering this fact, we have looked into the reality that in this diverse physiological wonder lies the infinite possibility of not only optimum functioning but of disparities and deviations as well. In life, one continues to exist in oblivion. There are always uncertainties in every events and occurrences whirl through our lives. We do not know when is the exact point in time where our bodily homeostasis will be disturbed and when change will cease to happen. Some of the surprising changes can be considered blessings but most the time they are we fervently hope would not occur especially those that concern our health. In this particular case study, we wish to present the case of our patient, A.K.A. Baby...
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