...William Haley Hydraulic Fracturing: Is Safe As Is and Is Essential to the Nations Interests September 17, 2014 Global Business Responsibility and Ethics – BUSI 2328.06 Hydraulic Fracturing: Is Safe as is and is Essential The need to preserve energy is an issue that is of growing importance. In order to fulfill this need, attention has been aimed at discovering alternative resources in the oil and gas industry by utilizing methods of hydraulic fracturing. The process of hydraulic fracturing is by no means a new technique, having been used in oil and gas wells throughout the United States since 1947. Hydraulic Fracturing is an extremely efficient technique used in the extraction of oil gas and other fluids. The process involves injecting high-pressure fluids, containing sand or a similar substance, into the earth, creating fractures hundreds of feet long that branch out from a central drill hole. The fractures are held open by the substance in the fluids being injected, increasing the permeability, which allows the oil and gas to effortlessly flow through and into the well where it is then extracted. Fracturing has been continuously evolving due to innovations and advances in technology. An example of this growth is the introduction of horizontal drilling in the early 2000s which has allowed access to oil, gas, and shale reserves that were previously unobtainable by earlier methods or reserves that were not economically viable to develop. Hydraulic Fracturing is an...
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...How 9/11 Changed America Final Exam Essay 3/11/2016 On September 11, 2001 America watched in horror as an act of terror hit New York City. Two commercial airline planes were hijacked and rerouted to hit the World Trade Center buildings. Today the question is being asked, did this result from intelligence failures? My answer to that is yes. When something is going wrong and you do not know what is happening, that is an intelligence failure. November of 1941, the U.S. intelligence community knew that the Japanese were moving their fleets across the Pacific; however they could not quite figure out where the target location was. In November 1944, American and British intelligence knew that the Germans were massing around the Ardennes; it was not until the Battle of the Bulge did they find out why. In 1990, the U.S. intelligence community was aware that Saddam Hussein was moving armored forces in Iraq and various places; again we did not know why until it was too late. How many times does this have to happen before change is made? The intelligence community should know about people’s capabilities and their intentions. We do find out intentions some of the time, but not all of the time. The intelligence game is a zero-sum business. If you do not find intelligence all of the time, then what happened in New York will happen again. Maybe not in the same fashion, but something will happen. What happened? Nineteen members of al-Qaeda hijacked 4 American Airlines Boeing...
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...modernization act is a bill to provide for comprehensive immigration reform and for other purposes. This act was introduced by the senate, proposed by Chuck Schumer to make it impossible for undocumented immigrants to gain legal status, and to make a securer border (“Text of the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act”). If the bill is passed the bill would keep all expatriate or any immigrants sent out of the United States by government commands (“Text of the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act”). By doing this all U.S citizens would benefit because they all would now be kept safe but it would be harder due to time to check for approval to leave or come back into the United stated for any citizen due to security reasons. Illegal immigrants would not be able to come into the United States unauthorized and the citizens of the United States will be safe and secure from attackers or any unlawful duty wanting to be caused by outsiders. This bill should not be passed because to newcomers the United States is a safe haven to all and the land of the free. If they are not allowed to come to the United States to be free, where else is there for them to go? There is no other land called the “Land of The Free” besides the United States and it should stand behind its name. No one but the outsiders know how despotic their leaders are or could be. Yes, this bill will keep the United States citizens safe but what about...
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...testing has been a huge controversial topic in the U.S. For many years, lots of organizations like PETA have created movements to eliminate this completely but without very much success. Personally, I can’t find any positives to animal research and testing but the majority of the U.S population does since animals are used in most major companies and research projects performed by doctors. Animal testing should be eliminated altogether. To begin, doctors race to find a cure to many illnesses that come up with humans. They work long and hard trying to figure out a way to stop diseases and illnesses but how are they so sure that it’ll work and not affect a human negatively when they are exposed to it? That’s where the animals come in. People are putting animal’s lives at risk just to save humans. Is it really fair? In 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson, signed the Animal Welfare Act also known as the Laboratory Welfare Act. Although by passing this law, the population was tricked into thinking that animals would be safe and better accommodated. Little did they know, the real terms of this act. The Animal Welfare Act only regulates cage size, cleanliness, and food and water, but does not limit the procedures that can be done to the animals. (Animal 1) This is the only act in the U.S that tries to make acceptable standards for the treatment of animals during research and testing. Now, only some animals are protected under this act. The animals that are excluded include rats, birds...
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...“Food Safety- noun- the issues surrounding the production, handling, storage and cooking of food that determine whether or not it is safe to eat.”(Agriculture Dictionary.com) Have you ever wondered if what you are buying from the grocery store or market is safe to eat? Or if the Burger you ordered is fresh? Well, in the U.S. you can obtain a deadly bacterium by just eating a single under cooked burger or even grabbing a fresh healthy salad, which contains E.Coli from unwashed produce. Your daily food consumption needs to be a constant concern to every member of your family. The Food and Drug Administration is attempting to keep things in control but every year there are over 1,000 incidences reported and hundreds of deaths from contaminated food. Until the agencies that are in charge of food safety which include the FDA and also the Department of Agriculture and World Trade Organization. Recently they added the Food Safety Modernization Act, but even with this department’s food safety is still a major global issue. In order to improve food safety and quality the Food and Drug administration needs more power to mandate inspections more frequently and to increase the severity of the requirements to prevent deadly pathogens that cause thousands of illnesses and deaths each year. There is major concern for the safety of our food in the United States. According to Hosansky, “an estimated 5,000 people die yearly and some 76 million are sickened because of food borne pathogens like...
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...2. Should producers of software-based services, such as ATMs, be held liable for economic injuries suffered when their systems fail? Provide specific examples of real-world situations that have happened, names of companies, etc. Is it the same for automobile defects/catastrophes? One example of fraud is when an unattended, self-serve bank ATM machine is compromised using a card skimmer to steal debit card account and PIN numbers. In this case, the bank should be held responsible for any economic losses suffered by its customers as it was negligent in not protecting physical access to its machine and allowing criminals to place the device on the ATM. Charlie Miller and Chris Valasek “hacked” a car’s computer controls “to send commands through the Jeep’s entertainment system to its dashboard functions, steering, brakes, and transmission, all from a laptop that may be across the 1 country.” For the moment, this is a cautionary tale. However as self-driving cars become ubiquitous, manufacturers, lawmakers and the courts will have to decide on the inevitable litigations suing for physical and economic damages caused by insecure automobile control software. 3. Visit the USSData website at: http://www.usadata.com/ USAData consolidates personal data on millions of people. Anyone with a credit card can purchase marketing lists of consumers broken down by location, age, income level & interests. It's accredited by the Better Business Bureau as an A+ rating. Consider the...
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...safety regulations for storing and disposing of dangerous chemicals (earthworks). The five bills in congress include; the FRAC Act, which will apply to safe drinking water to fracking by making fracking chemicals public and also close the “Halliburton loophole” which denies the EPA’s authority to protect drinking water from fracking. The BREATHE Act will close the loophole in the Clean Air Act for the oil and gas industry as well as clean up toxic air pollutants. The “FRESHER Act”, will close the loophole in the clean water Act and protect rivers and streams from oil and gas drilling site pollution (earthworks). The CLEANER act will make toxic oil and gas waste subject to federal hazardous waste laws and require precautions to be taken when storing, transporting or disposing of this dangerous chemical. The SHARED Act will require testing of water sources near planned fracking sites before fracking occurs to establish baseline conditions and determine the source of and water contamination (earthworks). Some of the pros of the availability of natural gas are that it has been very critical to the manufacturing industry. For example, natural gas is used as a building block in creation of plastics and synthetic fibers. Steel industries heavily rely on natural gas to heat and power mills (energyfromshale). Natural gas being abundant and affordable has help U.S manufacturers to reduce the cost of production which gives them a competitive advantage on the world market which boosts exports...
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...Assignment: U.S securities & Exchange commission 1. Define the U.S. securities and Exchange’s mission/ Purpose. I believe that the purpose of the U.S. securities and exchange’s mission is to make people feel more comfortable and safe when investing as well as keep everything (market and exchange wise) organized. I think that having something like this helps people feel better about investing. On the U.S securities and exchange site they state that “The mission of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission is to protect investors, maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets, and facilitate capital formation.” ("The Investor's Advocate: How the SEC Protects Investors, Maintains Market Integrity, and Facilitates Capital Formation." SEC.gov. Web. 5 Oct. 2015.) 2. Give a detailed description of the SEC’s : A. History- Before the U.S securities and exchange act there was a law called the blue sky laws. This law was similar to the SEC but less effective. It was meant to enforce security and protect the people from fraud but unlike SEC some parts of this law varied from state to state. I am assuming that because of its ineffectiveness the law was modified and became Securities exchange act in 1934. Some existing organizations under SEC are the New York stock exchange, Municipal securities rulemaking board, NASDAQ stock market, etc.; President Roosevelt appointed John F. Kennedy’s father, Joseph P. Kennedy Sr., as the first chairman of SEC. B. Responsibilities-...
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...SUBJECT: Evaluation of Internal Controls Mr. Smith, We have completed our assessment of LBJ Company’s system of internal controls. In addition, our firm researched the regulation regarding publicly traded firms in order to provide you with the most current information. Securities and Exchange Commission. “Official U.S. Agency Web Site.” Web. 24 September 24, 2011. Publicly traded corporations are required to implement the guidelines of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. This means that publicly traded companies must include a management report on the internal controls of the company. The annual report must include an attestation report from a registered public accounting firm. The executive officers and the board of directors Wilson 2 of LBJ Company are responsible for implementing and maintaining effective internal controls. Furthermore, the executive officers and board of directors of publicly traded companies must attest to the adequacy of the internal controls of the company. Failure to comply with the standards of SOX subjects LBJ Company, along with the executive officers and board of directors to severe penalties of fines and imprisonment. The five principles of internal control are the following: * Establishment of Responsibility * Segregation of Duties * Documentation Procedures * Physical Controls * Independent Internal Verification * Human Resource Controls The accountant’s decision to start using pre-numbered invoices...
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...The Drone Strikes Again Take a moment and imagine this: for every terrorist killed by a U.S. drone strike, 50 Pakistani civilians fall victims to these ruthless attacks. According to an article written by David Kilcullen and Andrew McDonald from the NY Times, “press reports suggest that over the last three years drone strikes have killed about 14 terrorist leaders. But, according to Pakistani sources, they have also killed some 700 civilians. This is 50 civilians for every militant killed, a hit rate of 2 percent — hardly “precision”” (Killcullen, McDonald 9). Regardless if the number of casualties of innocent people caused by drone strikes has increased or decreased, the policy itself should be eliminated if there is even the slightest chance that innocent lives will be at stake. Kant was not a consequentialist theorist; in other words, he believed that despite the outcome of an action being good or bad, what was important was the premeditated idea behind the action, was it right or wrong, unrelated to the consequences. Therefore, if actions are not based on consequences, Kant’s theory would support the argument that using drone tactics to eliminate terrorists is morally unacceptable, for the following reasons: the U.S. military is using drone tactics against terrorist without their consent, and innocent lives are being taken at the push of a button. As humans, our moral duty is to treat people in such a way that shows them respect, as though they are autonomous beings with...
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...The Endangered Species Act The second half of the twentieth century was a time of the greatest advancements in environmental awareness in history. It was during this time that people began to realize there impact on the environment. People began to realize that something must be done to stop the negative impacts on their surroundings which caused the environmental movement to be born. One of the most important factors that resulted from this has been the protection of endangered species. Many actions have been taken to ensure the protection of endangered species including two major policies: CITES and the Endangered Species Act. In 1966, Congress passed the Endangered Species Preservation Act, this provided limited protection to a list of native animal species. The Departments of Agriculture, Interior and Defense were responsible for the protection of these species and the preservation of their habitats. This act also gave land to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to help maintain these natural habitats. The Endangered species act was amended in 1969 because more protection was needed. With the threat of worldwide extinction, the amendment called for an international meeting and changed the name to the Endangered Species Conservation Act. Several years later, in 1973, the United States and twenty-three other nations signed an international act called CITES or the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna. CITES monitors...
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...continues. Opposers to drones do say accidents happen, but really the question should be how often? Drones harness the potential around the world to bring people to a new age of technology. Domestic drones should be used for public and recreational use. Domestic drones are the new generation of technology in the twenty-first century. They attempt to help everyday citizens. They can also assist people by creating new businesses and helping people do difficult tasks; such as making scientific discoveries, helping the U.S. economy by creating new jobs and industry, or even assisting the ones who save our lives and keep us safe. A 2013 report by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) states that producing drones can help create jobs and make millions of dollars for America. Domestic drone integration will have created more than 70,000 jobs - 34,000 of them in manufacturing- during the first three years Krupansky 2 unmanned aircraft operate in U.S. airspace. The report predicted that in the first three years of drone manufacturing,...
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...Protection Act, which went into effect date, April 21, 2000, affects U. S. commercial Web sites and third-party commercial Web sites that schools permit their students to access. "COPPA requires "operators of websites or online services directed to children and operators of websites or online services who have actual knowledge that the person from whom they seek information is a child (1) To post prominent links on their websites to a notice of how they collect, use, and/or disclose personal information from children; (2) With certain exceptions, to notify parents that they wish to collect information from their children and obtain parental consent prior to collecting, using, and/or disclosing such information; (3) Not to condition a child's participation in online activities on the provision of more personal information than is reasonably necessary to participate in the activity; (4) To allow parents the opportunity to review and/or have their children's information deleted from the operator’s database and to prohibit further collection from the child; and (5) To establish procedures to protect the confidentiality, security, and integrity of personal information they collect from children. Non-profit sites are not included in the act; however, many are voluntarily complying. The Children's Internet Protection Act went into effect April 20, 2001, requiring that schools and libraries that receive certain types of federal technology funding have safe-use Internet...
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...The Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) is a United States bill introduced by U.S. Representative Lamar S. Smith (R-TX) to expand the ability of U.S. law enforcement to fight online trafficking in copyrighted intellectual property and counterfeit goods. Provisions include the requesting of court orders to bar advertising networks and payment facilities from conducting business with infringing websites, and search engines from linking to the sites, and court orders requiring Internet service providers to block access to the sites. The law would expand existing criminal laws to include unauthorized streaming of copyrighted content, imposing a maximum penalty of five years in prison. A similar bill in the U.S. Senate is titled the PROTECT IP Act (PIPA). Proponents of the legislation state it will protect the intellectual-property market and corresponding industry, jobs and revenue, and is necessary to bolster enforcement of copyright laws, especially against foreign websites. Claiming flaws in present laws that do not cover foreign-owned and operated sites, and citing examples of "active promotion of rogue websites" by U.S. search engines, proponents assert stronger enforcement tools are needed. Opponents state the proposed legislation threatens free speech and innovation, and enables law enforcement to block access to entire internet domains due to infringing content posted on a single blog or webpage. They have raised concerns that SOPA would bypass the "safe harbor" protections from...
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...opposed vaccinations for various reasons. Many of the citizens do not believe that vaccines mandates to be constitutional. Also, many do not believe the state legislatures have the power to require everyone to receive certain vaccinations and view the authority as a violation of their constitutional rights. Recently, there has been an increase in people who are against to vaccinations as a possible factor to Autism in children. Also, religious beliefs play a role in opposing vaccinations for themselves and their children. These have built anger and opposition to the states mandates of some vaccinations. In 1813, United States Vaccine Agency was established. “The U.S. Congress authorized and James Madison signed ‘An Act to Encourage Vaccination,’ establishing a National Vaccine Agency” (History of Vaccines RSS). This Act was the first push by the United States for citizens to get vaccinated. In 1855, Massachusetts was the first state that passed a law for vaccinations for all children that is attending school (History of Vaccines RSS). Passing laws for vaccinations brought more dispute and oppositions to vaccines, as well as, oppositions to vaccine requirements. By 1922, many United States schools required smallpox vaccination before children...
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