...Classical Conditioning Paper Nicole Young PSY/390 January 23,2012 Dr. Steve Lazarre Classical Conditioning Paper In the mind of B. F. Skinner learning is considered to be a relatively permanent change in an individual or animals behavior due to practice and experience. Classical condition is a type of learning generated by a response from one stimulus to another unlearned stimulus. This form of classical conditioning was founded by Ivan Pavlov and he is most famous for his experiment with dogs and the bell. In Pavlov’s experiment with classical conditioning it involved the salivary glands of canines. The scenario for this paper will teach a dog to not chew on furniture, using classical conditioning and, vinegar in a spray bottle. Classical conditioning was discovered accidentally by Ivan Pavlov, who was a Russian physiologist. Pavlov discovered this form of learning while researching digestion. Pavlov’s classical conditioning is a form of learning through acquired experiences. Classical conditioning is where an earlier or previously neutral stimulus causes a reaction or reflex to a physical response (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2009). As he observed dogs beginning to drool when food was shown Pavlov could then begin to predict the other forms of stimulation. As Pavlov further researched the response from the canine, Pavlov found that when he presented a bell to the animal he could then reproduce the animals’ reaction to salivating with just the sound of the bell and...
Words: 873 - Pages: 4
...Conditioning Paper Jennifer Barzona PSY/390 April 23, 2012 Ricky Fenwick Classical Conditioning Paper When a response is formulated from one stimulus to another unlearned stimulus this process of learning is known as classical conditioning. The most noted theorist of classical condition is Ivan Pavlov for his work with dogs. By using classical conditioning an animal such a puppy can be taught to not chew on the couch when sprayed in the face with a water bottle. Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist who discovered this type of learning while researching digestion, accidentally discovered classical conditioning. In classical conditioning learning is accomplished through experience by using a traditionally neutral stimulus to create a physical response. (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2009) While researching dogs Pavlov observed when food was present the dogs salivate in response. During his research Pavlov introduced a bell when food was presented and finally removed the food when the bell rang. Pavlov noted the dogs salivated when food was not present and the bell rang. Pavlov stated classical conditioning has four components: conditioned stimulus, unconditioned stimulus, conditioned reflex, and unconditioned reflex. A conditioned stimulus is learned through prior conditioning. An unconditioned stimulus is any stimulus causing a reaction without prior conditioning or learning. An unconditional response is an unlearned response occurring...
Words: 779 - Pages: 4
...Paper #1: Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is the action of learning by relating or linking triggers with natural reactions. It is the process of learning using neutral stimuli to create a response after being added to a stimuli which causes the response naturally. The process includes unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response. An unconditioned stimulus is a response which does not require learning whereas a conditioned stimulus is when something that never before caused a reaction now does so because a person associates the unconditioned stimulus to a trigger, a conditioned response. An unconditioned response is the reaction which occurs to the unconditioned stimulus without being taught, a natural reaction. Also, a conditioned response is a learned reaction. An experience of classical conditioning for me occurred while on vacation with my family several years ago. I drank orange juice...
Words: 453 - Pages: 2
...qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer...
Words: 779 - Pages: 4
...Learning Experience Paper Learning experience Learning experience discussed in this paper will focus on how someone can learn how not become addicted to drugs. The discussion will also identify what could be learned from the time an individual started using drugs to the time they were no longer a drug user. There will be a discussion of the description of how someone’s learning could have occurred through classical conditioning, identify the unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, the conditioned stimulus, and the conditioned response. The operant conditioning, a description of the behavior, the consequences, and reinforcements will also explain. The discussion will address how the learning could have occurred cognitive social learning. Identifying the Learning Experience Let’s say a person has been a casual drug user, his lifestyle has been very carefree. Through his carefree lifestyle he is introduced to a new method of using drugs. The instant the drug is introduced becomes addicted. He experiences an overwhelming desire to have more to obtain the same sensation. He experiences a loss of control over his life. This loss of control is heightened when the drug cannot be obtained when his body desires it. The drug and its use becomes a part of his life much the same as taking a breath. Classical conditioning, Unconditioned Stimulus and Response, Conditioned Stimulus and Response Classical conditioning is a form of learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes a...
Words: 772 - Pages: 4
...reinforcement and punishment to create associations between behaviors and the consequences for those behaviors. • CLASSICAL CONDITIONING ( Pavlov) - a process that involves creating an association between a naturally existing stimulus and a previously neutral one. Imagine a dog that salivates when it sees food. The food is the naturally occurring stimulus. If you started to ring a bell every time you presented the dog with food, an association would be formed between the food and the bell. Eventually the bell alone, aka the conditioned stimulus, would come to evoke the salivating response. • LAW OF EFFECT ( Thorndike)- anytime that a behavior is followed by a pleasant outcome , the behavior is likely to recur. UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE- In Classical Conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (such as salivation when food is in the mouth) UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS- a stimulus that unconditionally – naturally and...
Words: 848 - Pages: 4
...Classical Conditioning Paper Accidently founded by Ivan Pavlov, classical conditioning is basically learning by association behavior. A better definition would be “A process of behavior modification by which a subject comes to respond in a desired manner to a previously neutral stimulus that has been repeatedly presented along with an unconditioned stimulus that elicits the desired response” (Farlex, 2011). This paper will describe the theory of classical conditioning and demonstrate how one would apply the classical conditioning in everyday life. Theory of Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, was performing research on the digestive system of a dog by using the data from the dog’s salivation when in the middle of these tests he by accident noticed that certain behaviors can be conditioned (Alloy, Riskind, & Manos, 2005). First, one must understand that behaviorism in psychology is based on the belief that learning happens through relations with the environment (Cherry, 2011). Pavlov found that several of the reactions were occurring due to prior learning. He obtained this important information by noting that the dogs would salivate even before they were offered the meat. Pavlov concluded that the dogs were conditioned and learned from the entrance of the lab assistant, who was generally the person who brought in the meat. He expanded his experiment further by introducing a bright light or a loud sound to see if the dogs would salivate when seeing them...
Words: 829 - Pages: 4
...Classical Conditioning Paper PSY/ 390 May 05, 2014 Professor Chelsea Hansen Classical Conditioning Paper Abstract: Throughout this paper a theory of classical conditioning will be described and detailed. A selected scenario in which I the writer was able to apply a classical conditioning theory. The description of the scenario will be detailed as well as demonstrated on a chart which was prepared in order to illustrate how someone would apply a classical conditioning theory to the selected scenario. It is important to remember that classical conditioning is a technique that is used in primarily behavioral training. Usually it is when a naturally occurring stimulus is paired with a responsive stimulus. Afterwards a more previously neutral stimulus is then paired with the more naturally occurring stimulus. The outcome is that the previously neutral stimulus comes in to evoke and the response is without the presence of the naturally occurring stimulus. The most common names given to the two following elements are known as the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned responses. Classical conditioning came to life through the hard work and dedication from the well world renowned investigations of Psychologist Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov Born September 14, 1849 in Russia knew from very early he loved the study of psychology and worked hard on focusing on the Classical Conditioning theory “Operant and classical conditioning are two different ways in which organisms come to reflect...
Words: 909 - Pages: 4
...Learning Experience Paper: Arachnophobia Jason Gaston PSY103 (BSDD1GNEP9) 27 April 2015 Sandra Coswatte Learning Experience Paper: Arachnophobia This paper will discuss Arachnophobia which is the fear of spiders. It will describe how learning could have occurred through classical conditioning, how learning could have occurred through operant conditioning, it will also discuss the behavior, consequence, and reinforcement. The unconditioned stimulus, the unconditioned response, the conditioned stimulus, and the conditioned response will also be discussed. Arachnophobia, or fear of spiders, is under the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., DSM-IV) classification of a specific phobia (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). This fear could have been brought on by many factors, for example having a spider crawl on your face while watching a movie, or having an aggressive spider protect it web by either, rearing back and showing its fangs or physically chase you away. The other option is that you were raised to fear spiders by other people saying they are dangerous and scary and to stay away. This irrational fear may been learned through classical conditioning with repeated pairing i.e. a parent a sees a spider a screams the infant will not see a spider and only here a scream so just thinks the parent is silly, the next day the infant the infant sees the spider but not the parent but hears a scream. Now the infant starts to make a connection...
Words: 778 - Pages: 4
...Learning Experience Paper Tiffany N. Moore Psy/103 February 22, 2016 Joseph Foster Learning Experience Paper How can anyone be afraid of an insect that is smaller than them? My fear of spiders started when I was seven years old. Every year during summer break I would go out to the country to visit my godparents on their farm. I was always told not to play outdoors in my bare feet because of the insects, snakes, and small rodents. Being an adventurous child I did the total opposite of what I was being told. While playing in the barn one summer day I decided to take my shoes off, which led to me getting bit by a spider, becoming terribly ill, and having to spend several days in the hospital. Every day since that incident occurred I have had a deadly fear of spiders. A phobia is a type of anxiety disorder where you have an excessive fear of a certain object or situation, says Raphael Rose, PhD, associate director of the Anxiety Disorders Research Center and associate clinical professor at the University of California-Los Angeles' Department of Psychology and Psychiatry and Bio-behavioral Sciences. An estimated 19.2 million American adults’ deal with specific phobias, the National Institute of Mental Health reports. And specific phobias are twice as common in women as in men, NIMH says. Phobias usually develop during childhood or, if not then, by early adulthood, Rose says. Common specific phobias, according to NIMH, include closed-in spaces, heights, highway driving...
Words: 946 - Pages: 4
...Classical Conditioning Paper PSY 390 September 19, 2011 Chelsea Hansen Classical Conditioning Paper The primary premise of psychology is the study of one’s behavior through mental research as well as physical experiments. Classical Conditioning is the study of one’s behavior through research and experiments and trying to identify the conditions one put themselves in or are put in to study their behavior. “Classical Conditioning is a technique used in behavioral training.” (http://psychology.about.com/od/cindex/g/classcond.htm) A Russian physiologist by the name of Ivan Pavlov is believed to be the igniter to classical conditioning though his intense research and experiments with dogs and his saliva theoretical presentations and experiments. Pavlov also believed that “classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.” (http://psychology.about.com/od/behavioralpsychology/a/classcond.htm) Theory of Classical Conditioning and Scenario The theory of classical conditioning that was most famous by Ivan Pavlov was the digestive system where he then accidently had his attention drawn to “psychic reflexes.” (http://www.learning-theories.com/classical-conditioning-pavlov.html) The scenario that will be used in this paper will be how prisoners are classically conditioned with “chow time” (time to eat) in the prison system. In the prison systems inmates and their natural reflex of...
Words: 756 - Pages: 4
...learning and was first introduced when Ivan Pavlov stumbled upon it by accident when he was studying the physiology of digestion in dogs. He noticed that the dogs would not just begin salivating when the meat powder was introduced, but when the person responsible for feeding them would enter the room. Behaviorism is a school of thought in psychology based on the assumption that learning occurs through interactions with the environment (Cherry, 2012). Classical conditioning is when two stimuli are presented in close succession repeatedly, until the response given to one becomes associated with the other. An example of this was when Pavlov introduced the bell right before he brought the dogs food i.e. unconditioned stimulus, it would cause an automatic reaction or unconditioned response. The bell would be the conditioned stimulus or neutral stimulus. When paired together, the US and the CS would cause CR or conditioned response. In the scenario I have chosen, I will prepare a chart outlining how I will train my dog to sit through classical conditioning. As it stands now, he does not sit immediately on command; it takes several attempts of saying the word sit in order to get him to complete this task. He is currently conditioned to only sit after I have repeated the word sit several times and he receives no praise or treat after the task is completed. I will attempt to change his behavior by making eye contact with him when I want him to sit and introducing praise and a...
Words: 883 - Pages: 4
...Behaviorism as a Theory of Personality: A Critical Look Payal Naik Northwestern University This paper explores the theory of behaviorism and evaluates its effectiveness as a theory of personality. It takes into consideration all aspects of the behaviorism theory, including Pavlov's classical conditioning and Skinner's operant conditioning. Additional research in this field by scientists such as Thorndike is also included. As a result of this critical look at behaviorism, its weaknesses as a comprehensive personality theory are revealed. At the same time, its merits when restricted to certain areas of psychology and treatment of disorders are discussed. For as long as human beings can remember, they have always been interested in what makes them who they are and what aspects of their being set each of them apart from others of their species. The answer according to behaviorists is nothing more than the world in which they grew up. Behaviorism is the theory that human nature can be fully understood by the laws inherent in the natural environment. As one of the oldest theories of personality, behaviorism dates back to Descartes, who introduced the idea of a stimulus and called the person a machine dependent on external events whose soul was the ghost in the machine. Behaviorism takes this idea to another level. Although most theories operate to some degree on the assumption that humans have some sort of free will and are moral thinking entities, behaviorism refuses to acknowledge...
Words: 3684 - Pages: 15
...from a situation. This paper is going to describe a single informal learning experience that I have had broccoli. It will discuss three types of conditioning or learning, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and cognitive-social learning. This paper will show how each type of conditioning could have been the reason for the response that shaped view of broccoli to this day. As a young child I was never one to eat too many vegetables. My mother would make meals with some type of vegetable on the side because as we all well aware of is that we need a good diet that includes vegetables. However this is something that is hard to enforce into young children and in my case I was no different. One evening my mother cooked a meal with broccoli as the vegetable of choice. Just like most vegetables I did not want to eat it. The smell, color, taste, and texture was not something I enjoyed. After sitting for a long time starring at this frightful food my mother forced me to eat it. What happened next would forever shape my thinking on broccoli, I threw it all up. Fast forward 36 years and to this day I cannot smell broccoli without my stomach turning. Broccoli and I from that one day are as incompatible as oil and water. Classic conditioning according to Carpenter and Huffman (2010) is learning that occurs when neutral stimulus (NS) becomes paired (associated) with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to elicit a conditioned response (CR). The learned response to the broccoli episode...
Words: 777 - Pages: 4
...Phobias and Addictions Paper Viktorija Canevik-Alex PSY/300 Jacqueline Hall July 20, 2013 University of Phoenix Phobias and Addiction Paper In this paper I will discuss how phobias and addiction are connected to the classical and operant conditioning. I will explain how phobias and addiction are evolve through classical and operant conditioning, what is the difference between classical and operant conditioning, what is extinction and how extinction is accomplish in the classical and operant conditioning. Phobia occur when people are scared or fear without stopping of something genuine and hard to control and usually occur in young age but also it can occur in older age. Phobia is something very common and it influence peoples life every day, but important thing about phobias is that it can be treated. Here are some examples of phobias, like fear from: kissing, drugs, cold, taking medicine, mother-in-law, children, and others. Addiction can occur when people have hard time to control or stop use, do or take something. People can be addictive to many things, not only to alcohol and drugs, people also can be addictive...
Words: 855 - Pages: 4
