Premium Essay

University Avenue Bridge Essay

Submitted By
Words 758
Pages 4
At the turn of the 20th century city planners and metropolitan cities were coming to the end of a prolific City Beautiful movement, a movement that promoted beauty in order to create moral and civic virtue among urban populations. Flourishing for a few decades, the movement also influenced major city planning development in the subsequent years. We see examples of the movement in many of Philadelphia’s architecture and civic projects. The University Avenue Bridge is one of those projects. As early as 1918, the City of Philadelphia began planning a new bridge to cross the Schuylkill River, running along South University Avenue and merging onto South 34th Street in Grays Ferry. As a joint project between architect Paul Philippe Cret and engineer …show more content…
Constructed on a Portland cement concrete deck on a steel double leaf bascule span , the bridge sits on four massive stone piers and is anchored by two large stone abutments. The bridge has four lanes, is 546 feet long, 100 feet wide and clears the water by 30 feet. The structure operates as a bascule bridge, or a drawbridge with a counterweight that continuously balances a span throughout its upward swing to provide clearance for boat traffic , which was necessary at a time of industry on the Schuylkill River, a navigable waterway. The bascule bridge is built around the “trunnion,” or short shaft upon which the leaf, so called, i.e., the movable section of the bridge is mounted and about which it rotates. Its load is carried in surface bearing and two or more lines of trusses or girders carry the roadway, with short axles (called trunnions) beneath each truss or girder - a fixed counterweight balances the leaf. The University Avenue bridge is supported by riveted plate girders, which is typically an I-beam made up from separate structural steel plates, and has since been replaced with a concrete-filled open steel

Similar Documents

Free Essay

A Brief Chronology of Arthur Miller

...A BRIEF CHRONOLOGY OF ARTHUR MILLER'S LIFE AND WORKS [This chronology has been compiled and crosschecked against a number of sources, however, a special acknowledgement should be made to the thorough "Literary Chronology" and appendices printed in The Theater Essays of Arthur Miller, eds. Robert A. Martin and Steven R. Centola.] 1915 Arthur Aster Miller was born on October 17th in New York City; family lives at 45 West 110th Street. 1920-28 Attends Public School #24 in Harlem. 1923 Sees first play--a melodrama at the Schubert Theater. 1928 Bar-mitzvah at the Avenue M temple. Father's business struggling and family move to Brooklyn. Attends James Madison HIgh School. 1930 Reassigned to the newly built Abraham Lincoln High School. Plays on football team. 1931 Delivery boy for local bakery before school, and works for father's business over summer vacation. 1933 Graduates from Abraham Lincoln High School. Registers for night school at City College, but quits after two weeks. 1933-34 Clerked in an auto-parts warehouse, where he was the only Jew employed and had his first real, personal experiences of American anti-semitism. 1934 Enters University of Michigan in the Fall to study journalism. Reporter and night editor on student paper, The Michigan Daily. 1936 Writes No Villain in six days and receives Hopwood Award in Drama. Transfers to an English major. 1937 Takes playwrighting class with Professor Kenneth T. Rowe. Rewrite of No Villain, titled, They Too Arise...

Words: 2370 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

National Bookstore Industry Analysis

...internet based systems by delivering online services which fast-paced technology-driven consumers demand. Almost all competing firms have already adapt this change and continually to develop further their online marketing, promotions and strategies. B. Threat of New Entrants - Moderate Threats of new entrants for NBS is moderate since factors of relative price of substitute, low product differentiation, big switching cost to buyers, easy access to distribution channels and high capital requirement is considered. Relatively, strong partnerships with publishers would be advantageous for potential entering firms. Moreover, it is easy to adapt NBS strategy on retailing by considering of starting small, penetrating nearby schools and universities. Competitors have also seen that physical store isn't much of a mandatory, since; domestic market has rapidly adapting e-commerce. In lieu, competitors only need a web site or social networking site to work on to. However, relative start-up cost is high for entering bookstore...

Words: 3408 - Pages: 14

Free Essay

Sino -Japanese War

...Mark R. Peattie, Edward J. Drea, Hans J. van de Ven, eds. The Battle for China: Essays on the Military History of the Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2010. Illustrations, maps. 664 pp. $65.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-8047-6206-9. Reviewed by Roger H. Brown (Saitama University) Published on H-War (December, 2012) Commissioned by Margaret Sankey The Sino-Japanese War of 1937-45 was immense both in its scale and consequences. Nevertheless, Western military histories of World War II have focused overwhelmingly on the campaigns of the European and Pacific theaters, and those specialized studies of the conflict that do exist deal primarily with such matters as diplomacy; politics; mass mobilization; and, in more recent years, Japanese atrocities and public memory. Indeed, as the editors of the volume under review attest, “a general history of the military operations during the war based on Japanese, Chinese, and Western sources does not exist in English” (p. xix). In 2004, Japanese, Chinese, and Western scholars gathered to remedy this situation and in the belief that such a close study of the operations and strategy of the Sino-Japanese War would “illustrate that, in this period, warfare drove much of what happened in the political, economic, social, and cultural spheres in China and Japan.” They further recognized that because “much of the best scholarship on WWII in East Asia is naturally produced in China and Japan,” there was a need to “bring...

Words: 3443 - Pages: 14

Free Essay

The Efforts in Urban Design to Attain a Functional Environment

...be thought of as pattern maker. In urban design most issues focus on the tradeoffs between the achievement of competing goals, between human needs and functions provided by the physical environment. Hence, urban design is more likely to be seen as a problem-solving approach from the perspective of the users in some specific environment. These approaches are committed to obtaining a higher quality of life in human settlements. They could be achieved from the developments in both substantive and procedural knowledge that have resulted from the empirical research of the past three decades. There has been much questioning about how best the effort in urban design to attain a functional environment. Paying more attention to it, this essay explores the key factors affecting the functional environment based on understanding of the main content about chapter 9 & 10. It then goes on to argue that it is essential for reasonably applying the elements of urban design into practical programs in China. Moreover, development requirements are...

Words: 3268 - Pages: 14

Premium Essay

Personal Philosopy Statement on Early Childood Education

...Personal Philosophy Statement of Early Childhood Education Name Lecturer University Due date Abstract This essay is my personal philosophy statement on early childhood education which represent my views on what should be done in the early childhood sector these include ;to impart fine morals and ideals in the children that I come into contact with, esteem each child and the families culture, beliefs, and race, make sure that the treatment I give to each child is fair to ensure that in each child the feeling of equality is developed, I will also have the community work with the families of the children and the educationists as a team, be a constant advocator of the kids, maintain an environment full of fun, interesting and still safe for the children, and to exhaust all avenues prior to making a decision concerning a child. This philosophy that I have presented will ensure that all families feel at home, every child comfortable, and the stakeholders desire to work as a team to make sure the optimal level of a child’s development is reached. My personal philosophy has been shaped over time and it is: to impart fine morals and ideals in the children that I come into contact with; esteem each child and the families culture, beliefs, and race; make sure that the treatment I give to each child is fair to ensure that in each child the feeling of equality is developed; I will also have the community work with the families of the children and the educationists as a team; be a...

Words: 2637 - Pages: 11

Free Essay

Ir Nesb Employees

...Essay Questions: How and why do the workplace experiences of employees from non – English speaking backgrounds differ from other workers? How can, and should, should actor respond to this? How are these differences manifested, and responded to, in your own workplace? The workplace experiences of employees from Non–English Speaking Backgrounds (NESB) differ from other workers for a number of reasons. Employment opportunity is a primary reason why individuals emigrate to other countries (de Castro et al. 2006). While employment in a host country has benefits, immigrants often face considerable challenges as they learn and adjust to the norms and values of the host culture. In particular, immigrant workers may face the ‘‘double jeopardy’’ of dealing with stressors related to both working in a new country as well as to living in a new society (de Castro, Gilbert & Takeuchi 2008). Like other European countries, Australia is also a very attractive destination for migrant workers. Migrants have been part of Australian society and the Australian workforce since colonisation began in 1788. However the migrant population at the time was of a predominantly European background. It was from the mid-nineteen century when Chinese, Pacific Islander, Lebanese, Afghan, Indian and European migrants arrived and settled in Australia. Due to the gradual liberalisation of Australian immigration policies, the ethnic composition of Australian migrants has shifted significantly, bringing...

Words: 3895 - Pages: 16

Premium Essay

Adidas Brand in the Hand

...[pic] UNIVERSITY OF THE WESTERN CAPE Faculty : EMS School of Business and Finance Course name : Advanced Marketing Student Name : Shauna Windvogel Student Number : 3209039 Assignment Title : The Brand in the Hand: Mobile Marketing at Adidas Course Code : MAN702 Lecturer Name : Prof Linda De Vries Compulsory Plagiarism Declaration I Shauna Windvogel, declare that the work attached is my own work. I acknowledge that copying someone else’s assignment or essay, or part thereof is wrong. All sources used in this work have been correctly referenced, using the Harvard system of in-text referencing. The work does not contain any sections that can be regarded as cut-or-paste technique, as a mere translation, or as “mono-phrasing” (work taken from a single source). I realise that a research argument has to be constructed, and declare that my text is a reflection of the integration of relevant sources. Further, I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another’s work and pretend that it is your own. Additionally, I have not allowed and will not allow anyone copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his/her own work. Signed: [pic] Date: 12 March 2012 Table of Contents Topic question: Given the reading of 2 marketing classics articles (13+17) and your understanding of marketing strategy processes consider recommending a specific market strategy for Adidas. Contents 1. Introduction 3 2...

Words: 1891 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

A Report on the Suitability of New York City for Retail Investment

...A Report on the Suitability of New York City for Retail Investment Simon Karuku Reach me via: simonessaywriter@gmail.com if you need essay writing services Or call me on (480) 409-0684 at any time. Determined to provide original completely plagiarism free and quality work every time.   Contents Introduction 3 Background on Retail Industry in the U.S. 3 Types of Retail Outlets 5 Specialty Stores 7 Supermarkets 7 Convenience Stores 8 Discount Stores 8 Factors to Consider When Setting Up A Retail Outlet 9 Challenges to Setting Up Retail Stores 10 Retail Industry In New York 12 Why New York? 12 Employment trends 14 E-Commerce 15 Job Statistics in New York Boroughs Comparison 16 Comparison of New York to the Rest of the U.S. 16 Retail Real Estate Trends New York 18 Tourists and Native Consumption in New York 18 Conclusion 19 Retail Investment in New York City Introduction Retailing is the most essential of economic activities, providing end-users with direct access to commodities. Customers can purchase goods and services from various merchants, and in affordable quantities. In America, the first retail outlets were trading outposts and general stores where Native Americans could exchange goods they made for imported commodities from Europe. With time, and as villages and towns grew out of these unchartered frontiers, the trading posts began engaging in the selling of food, clothing, and farm necessities. Cities typically would form around these posts, owing...

Words: 5641 - Pages: 23

Premium Essay

New York City

...New York City The first native New Yorkers were the Lenape, an Algonquin people who hunted, fished and farmed in the area between the Delaware and Hudson rivers. Europeans began to explore the region at the beginning of the 16th century--among the first was Giovanni da Verrazzano, an Italian who sailed up and down the Atlantic coast in search of a route to Asia--but none settled there until 1624. That year, the Dutch West India Company sent some 30 families to live and work in a tiny settlement on “Nutten Island” (today’s Governors Island) that they called New Amsterdam. In 1626, the settlement’s governor general, Peter Minuit, purchased the much larger Manhattan Island from the natives for 60 guilders in trade goods such as tools, farming equipment, cloth and wampum (shell beads). Fewer than 300 people lived in New Amsterdam when the settlement moved to Manhattan. But it grew quickly, and in 1760 the city (now called New York City; population 18,000) surpassed Boston to become the second-largest city in the American colonies. Fifty years later, with a population 202,589, it became the largest city in the Western hemisphere. Today, more than 8 million people live in the city’s five boroughs. New York City in the 18th Century In 1664, the British seized New Amsterdam from the Dutch and gave it a new name: New York City. For the next century, the population of New York City grew larger and more diverse: It included immigrants from the Netherlands, England, France and Germany;...

Words: 5241 - Pages: 21

Premium Essay

Set of Reflections on Filipino Culture, Nationalism, Economic Development, and Philippine Politics and Democracy

...begin to think on what I will write on my reflections on the significant lessons and insights that I have distilled in my readings for the past two months, I remember that American journalist and essayist Henry Louis “H.L.” Mencken once opined that: “A Historian by his nature, is an unsuccessful novelist.” If there is a commonality that I have noticed in the methodology of writing of the scholarly articles that I have read, it is the fact that majority of them was written in a narrative and historical standpoint. Thus, when I was brainstorming prior to the completion and formal writing of this essay, I deemed it necessary that the methodology or mode of presentation of my reflective essay should complement the style of writing the journal articles were presented. This was one of the things that I had in mind and served as my setback in finally commencing the writing of my reflective essay. The past two months of attending classes and racing through the pages of the assigned readings were, in my own personal opinion, a review of history as well as an overview of the opinions of scholars on certain social aspects, whether they be on the past, present, or the uncertain future of the Philippines. It is a review, since most of the readings discussed matters and happenings that were mostly covered by my secondary and undergraduate history lessons. In light of this statement, I would like to note the works of Patricio Abinales, Donna Amoroso, as well as Oscar Evangelista for their...

Words: 3529 - Pages: 15

Free Essay

Social Investment

...few things we should keenly desire if we really knew what we wanted.’ Francois de la Rochefoucauld (French writer 1613–1680) Social prescribing is about expanding the range of options available to GP and patient as they grapple with a problem. Where that problem has its origins in socioeconomic deprivation or long-term psychosocial issues, it is easy for both patient and GP to feel overwhelmed and reluctant to open what could turn out to be a can of worms. Settling for a short-term medical fix may be pragmatic but can easily become a conspiracy of silence which confirms the underlying sense of defeat. Can or should we try to do more during the precious minutes of a GP consultation? Where there are psychosocial issues GPs do suggest social avenues, such as visiting a Citizens Advice Bureau for financial problems, or a dance class for exercise and loneliness, but without a supportive framework this tends to be a token action. The big picture difficulty with leaving underlying psychosocial problems largely hidden in the consulting room is the medicalisation of society’s ills. This ranges from using antidepressants for the misery of a difficult life, to the complex pharmaceutical regimes prescribed to patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. This sort of medicalisation may help immediate problems (including driving the economy through jobs in the healthcare industries) but it is not enough if our society is to have a sustainable future. Another way of looking at this is in terms of...

Words: 2499 - Pages: 10

Free Essay

Napcan Title I

...Colin Fisher Nature in the City: Urban Environmental History and Central Park E very year, thirty-five million growing population that was people visit Manhattan’s deeply divided along lines of Central Park, a vast island of class, ethnicity, and race. It is green situated in the midst of one within this historical context that of the world’s largest cities. For a group of merchants, politicians, many of these visitors, walking and middle-class reformers began through one of the park gates pushing for the creation of a large means leaving the artifice of the urban park (2). city behind and entering into an innocent green world, a vestige of A Cleansing Landscape the original Manhattan that existed For some, the new park would prior to the rise of the city. For increase adjacent property values urban environmental historians, and provide a leisure ground for though, there are two serious probrides in well-appointed carriages. lems with viewing the park in this way. Most of the city elite, though, First, Central Park is not nearly as offered less self-serving argunatural as it may appear. Far from ments, at least publicly. A large predating the rise of Manhattan, green space would not only cleanse the landscape is very much a product the air of dangerous smoke and of the mid nineteenth-century city. miasmas, it would convince the As such, Manhattan’s “front lawn” overworked sons and daughters of can be read as a primary source, a Puritans to leave their homes and unique window...

Words: 4489 - Pages: 18

Premium Essay

Depression: a Sociological and Psychological Perspective

...depression such as Bio polar, and major depression (Unipolar). But no matter what the diagnosis is or how serious the depression is, depression is not trivial and is a real health condition contrary to what some people believe. It is not something that you can just snap out of and more importantly it is not a sign of weakness. For many people depression can affect them in different ways to other people with the same condition but normally the symptoms are similar. These can range from lack of sleep or too much sleep, weight loss or gain, unpredictable mood swings, thoughts of self-harm or suicidal tendencies, low self-worth, and no interest or motivation. These are just a few of the psychological symptoms but the major question in which this essay will try to answer is what is the major cause of depression is. Is it psychological or sociological? This...

Words: 4908 - Pages: 20

Premium Essay

Unknown

...and with his presidency he promised to make changes to America that would liberate the American people from crisis into a bright new beginning. In his Inauguration speech, he claimed to mend the financial crisis by stimulating jobs and laying a “new foundation for growth” (Naughton, “Inauguration speech”). He promised to rebuild the Nation’s foundations such as roads, bridges, electric grids, and digital lines, to revive the prosperity and importance of science, to increase the care and lower the cost of health care, to mend the threat of global warming, to enact peace with Afghanistan, to withdraw from Iraq, and to transform the educational system to meet the conditions of a new era (Naughton, “Inauguration speech”). Throughout his first year as president Obama has enacted many policies and regulations such as the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, Recovery and Reinvestment Act, and Health Care Bill. However, has Obama stayed true to his original promises stated throughout his campaigns, in his Inauguration speech, as well as his first State of Union speech. Has Obamba’s first year been a success or a failure? This essay will explore the history of Obama’s ascend to presidency, his success and failures, and an overall evaluation of Obama’s first year in office. The Rise of Barrack Obama Obama was born on August 4, 1961 in Honolulu Hawaii to parents Ann Dunham and Barack Obama Sr. His parents later separated and divorced when he was only two years of age. His father left his family...

Words: 4009 - Pages: 17

Free Essay

International Student

...Higher Education in the UK 5 2.2. Teacher-student relationships and the quality of teaching 5 2.3. Different learning styles 6 2.4. Group work 7 2.5. Financial issues 8 3. Methodology 9 4. Results 10 5. Discussion 14 6. Conclusion 16 List of References 17 Appendix 19 Abstract Higher education is a competitive business which produces huge benefits for the UK economy. This paper reveals international students’ attitudes about UK higher education and focuses on direct factors which can affect students’ opinions. Reports of international students’ attitudes already carried out in Leeds Metropolitan University are analyzed and the main findings are emphasized. A total of eighteen international students interviewed provided data on their experience in UK education that involves the challenges they have faced and what they have achieved. The project concludes that not only UK tuition fees but also the quality of education can affect international students’ decision to study in the UK. Therefore measures should be taken in order to improve the quality of education or decrease the tuition fees to attract more international students to study in the UK. Further study is needed to be done in the future to examine the other factors in UK higher education, which can affect international students’ attitudes. 1. Introduction ...

Words: 3732 - Pages: 15