...died from Smallpox in the 20th century (Flight, Collette). Smallpox is a very contagious disease, and has been found very deadly. This disease has been affecting the population for thousands of years. Currently scientists are researching to treat smallpox. Although smallpox is very deadly, scientists and general people can help understand the disease. Scientists and people are trying to piece together on what the virus did in the past, to learn what the virus is, and how to prevent Smallpox from spreading. Over thousands of years, smallpox has killed over millions of people. In 1000 AD, there were a lot of people who got Smallpox in China (History of Vaccines). So, in response, the son of a statesman...
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...Smallpox, a disease caused by variola virus, has been globally eradicated since the early 1980s due to the massive vaccination program conducted by the World Health Organization. However, there are concerns that the smallpox virus could be used as a biological weapon. In addition, the monkeypox virus, which resembles the smallpox virus, is an emerging virus that caused an outbreak of human monkeypox in Africa, and more recently in the United States. Therefore, the need for protection against these zoonotic viral infections remains [1-3]. Variola belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus, family Poxviridae, which also includes vaccinia, monkeypox, cowpox, and other viruses. Because the majority of orthopoxvirus DNA is highly conserved considerable cross-protection can be conferred, through infection or immunization, within this family of viruses. For example, variola virus shares >90% similarity with the vaccinia genome, which enabled eradication of smallpox using the vaccinia virus....
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...Vaccines have saved an enormous amount of lives. The use of vaccines have led to the total eradication of the smallpox virus in 1979. Smallpox is caused by the variola virus. A person that has been infected with the virus becomes contagious when sores come into view in both the mouth and the throat of the individual. As the sores (pustules) rupture and copious amounts of the virus enters the mouth and throat the person will develop a rash on their face that will spread to all of their extremities. The individuals entire body will be covered with this rash in 24 hours. The individual will remain contagious until all of the smallpox scabs have fallen off their body. The virus is generally spread from person to person by direct contact of droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes and spreads the virus to other individuals (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016)....
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...I Swear You Don’t Have Ebola---Just Small Pox Smallpox is a disease that was reportedly found in humans around ten thousand years ago. Smallpox is said to be one of the most catastrophic and deadly diseases to ever attack humanity because of its fatal and infectious symptoms. The chance of death of a patient with Smallpox was up to 30% in the past. A virus similar to smallpox has been found in animals, leading experts to believe that the disease was passed from humans to animals. Once this similar virus was passed from animals to humans, it mutated into a disease deadly to humans. Smallpox is now said to be gone forever, but at the time that it invaded the human race, it killed billions of people. In order to fully understand Smallpox, one...
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...Despite evidence of vaccine research in ancient manuscripts, it has not been until the past few centuries that vaccines have truly flourished, undoubtedly revolutionizing health on a global scale. This glory, however was not an easy feat. Initially vaccines faced much criticism as people were clouded with fear of the unknown. Cartoonist James Gilray sketched a powerful cartoon in 1802 which portrayed this sentiment. His cartoon depicted a room full of mutilated people with snouts for noses, hooves instead of hands and their long and flaccid ears. In short, these people were turning into cows. Also illustrated in the center of Gilray’s cartoon was a doctor holding a syringe and gazing into the distance: Edward Jenner. People felt that vaccines were so absurd and dangerous that they were capable of transmute a human being. Jenner’s cowpox vaccine eventually permitted the elimination of smallpox off the face of the earth. In modern day, this ignorant fear seems rather amusing hence in most parts of the world, we have become accustomed to the method and reason of science. Although we do not possess the fear that a vaccine can turn people into cows, we do possess another fear: the fear of...
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...seven to seventeen days after being infected with Smallpox there are no symptoms and the sufferer feels normal. Then, in the next seven to seventeen days many flu like symptoms set in, including a fever, tiredness, vomiting, body aches, and headaches. Soon after small red bumps form on the tongue and mouth and spread from the head down, covering the entire body within twenty-four hours. Next, the bumps pustules, making pus filled blisters on the skin. Eventually, the pustules scab over. The sufferer is contagious until the last scab falls off, which is usually after three weeks from the start of the scabbing. (2) There are two main strands of the Smallpox virus, Variola, which is less common, and Hemorrhagic, a very common form of the disease. Variola has a 30%...
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...discover cures for these detrimental diseases. Whether or not a person decides to receive vaccines is up to them. Looking back at the effects of these diseases poses the question; should vaccination be mandatory? When people are not vaccinated, they cause a great threat to the health of the public, therefore, vaccines should be made mandatory. A vaccine is a substance that makes your body produce antibodies and gives a person immunity against one or more illnesses. They are generally made with a biological pathogen from the illness. It acts as an antigen which is a relatively harmless part of the pathogen and allows the body to produce more antibodies to fight the disease. Vaccines work as a mock infection. When the powerless virus enters your body, it produces more antibodies. When it easily destroys the virus your body is left with the surplus of the disease specific antibodies that prohibit the virus from causing any harm (U.S. Department of...
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...gender, and class. She expressed how smallpox is part of the Orthopox family, with a variola major virus which is more deadly than the variola minor virus. There were many attempts at vaccination, once incident where they would extract the puss from one victim, and insert into a healthy person for them to become immune. However, all this would do is spread the disease further. Then Edward Jenner tested his theory of injecting cow pox into a volunteer. This vaccination proved to be effective. In 1948, with the creation of the World Health Organization people believed it was time to eradicate...
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...Current Event Article In the article titled “Costly drug for smallpox questioned” published in the Los Angeles Times on November 13, 2011 the antiviral vaccine for smallpox was looked at. This vaccine was developed by Siga Technologies Inc. as a treatment for people who are diagnosed with smallpox too late to use the current vaccine that the government has stockpiled in case of a bioterrorism attack. The drug is controversial as it is not known if it will work in humans due to testing only being allowed in animals. As there are no current smallpox outbreaks to test on, animals are the only test subjects at this time. Also it comes with a large price tag, around $255.00 a dose, this for 1.7 million doses per the contract to be stockpiled. This high price tag and the governments’ apparent favoritism to Siga has caused outrage by some. The disease which causes pustules and a 30% death rate was eradicated worldwide in 1978. The only strains known to exist are in Russian and US freezers. To date there is no credible evidence that any terrorist group or county has the virus and can attack the US with it. However, the government feels that it is important to have not only our current vaccine stockpile, enough to vaccinate the entire US population, but a backup for those not vaccinated or diagnosed in time. The new drug, ST-246, is said to have $115 million in federal support, not including the contract for manufacture and development, which is estimated to be around $433 million. One...
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...need for a vaccine, but, sadly, perfect does not exist. Living in this world, people encounter diseases very frequently, and many diseases cannot be defeated by immune systems without previous exposure to the virus. This would not be a problem to the human body for illnesses like the common cold or the flu, but, for deadly illnesses like smallpox, the body most likely will not be able to defeat the illness and will begin to shut down. Here is where the question arises, should vaccinations be a requirement for all children? Some would argue with a strong no saying vaccines cause more harm than good, but statistics prove this to be false. By getting...
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...When early colonists came to what is now America they brought a very deadly disease with them, smallpox. Although some people may not have even heard of smallpox today back then it was one of the leading causes of death all over the world. This paper will explain what smallpox is, how it affected the people, and finally how the people finally conquered smallpox. To understand why smallpox was such a deadly disease and had such a huge impact on the people of colonial America, especially the Indians it is important to know how the disease works. Smallpox is a disease caused by the variola virus, and is closely related to diseases such as cowpox, however it is much more deadly. If a person were to get smallpox, they would probably not...
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...An important feature of the vaccine is that it can also provide retroactive protection against Smallpox if someone has been exposed up to three days after exposure providing immunity for three to five years after the shot (13-CDC Vaccination Fact Sheet). This vaccine is not recommended for individuals with any heart disease (including asymptomatic ones) because cardiac events were observed following vaccination in individuals with previous conditions (13-CDC Vaccination Fact Sheet). The vaccine is also not advised for pregnant women or women who plan to become pregnant within a month, as the vaccine can cause the fetus to contract the virus, leading to stillbirth (13-CDC Vaccination Fact Sheet). Though worldwide, vaccination is not practiced,...
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..."Frankenvirus"? The Frankenvirus was recently discovered in Siberia"s wasteland. It is a very old virus, and giant virus. It has the potential to kill many people. It is more dangerous than the smallpox virus. It is known as a giant virus, only a few "giant viruses" are known to us today. The CDC now wants to reanimate this virus. The Frankenvirus should not be reanimated, because the risk of it spreading right now is zero, but if reanimated it will have a chance of spreading. The reason scientists want to reanimate the Frankenvirus is because they want to create an anti-virus vaccine for it. There is no reason for an anti-virus if there is no chance of it spreading. The Frankenvirus is a very old and giant virus. It is a very big virus as well; it is so big that you can see it with on a high-powered microscope. Now scientists will say that all viruses tend to be specific about who they choose to be their host, so there is a chance it won't affect humans. If that is true, then why even reanimate it. The virus will have a chance to evolve, and then who...
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...with an infected person. -Schools are the perfect spreading grounds for infections -Incidence of common childhood illnesses such as polio, measles, tetanus, etc has significantly declined since the advent and use of vaccines. These diseases are unheard of nowadays. Picture of polio in africa eradication Pictures of polio graphs Slide 2 What are vaccines / how do they work? -Vaccine: a substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the causative agent of a disease, its products, or a synthetic substitute, treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease. -Vaccines are a safe and cost-effective way to maintain public health and prevent diseases. -Discovered by Edward Jenner more than 200 years ago -Several ways of developing a vaccine -Possible options are to: Inactivate the virus, weaken the virus, use part of the virus/bacteria. Can be injected or induced orally. -Another option is to not get vaccinated, however this is not the smartest option. Slide 3 Possible side effects and disadvantages -Just like with most things, vaccines can be detrimental. -Rare for most vaccines, however some vaccines have higher likelihood of side effects -Influenza and HPV vaccines have low...
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...epidemic it freaks out. We try to find reasons why it is happening. Natural selection, the end of days, whatever but it’s never just a scientific reason. It’s never just something in the air. Knowledge is the key to our own fear of these diseases. Knowing how this are caused and better yet how to protect ourselves from it is how we will beat diseases from the past present and future. Monkeypox virus is an rare disease that is caused by infection with monkeypox virus. The virus belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus in the family Poxviridae. The Orthopoxvirus genus also includes variola virus (the cause of smallpox), vaccinia virus (used in the smallpox vaccine), and cowpox virus. Two outbreaks of a pox-like disease started in 1958 in a monkey colony which was kept for research. But the first human case of the disease wasn’t until 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. And the only time there has been an outbreak in the US was in 2003. Transmission of monkeypox virus occurs when a person comes into contact with the virus from an animal, human, or materials contaminated with the virus. The virus has to enter the body through broken skin even if the break is too small for the eye to see, the respiratory system, or the mucus membrane, like your eyes, nose or mouth. Animal to human contact can happen due to a scratch or bite, or from contaminated meat. Human to human transmissions all though less common is still very popular, and come from large respiratory droplets. The first defense...
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