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Folha.com - Mercado - Energia para indústria no Brasil é a 4ª mais cara do mundo - 10/08... Page 1 of 3

10/08/2011 - 09h23

Energia para indústria no Brasil é a 4ª mais cara do mundo
TATIANA FREITAS DE SÃO PAULO A indústria brasileira paga a quarta conta de energia mais cara do mundo, o que afeta a sua competitividade. A tarifa de consumo industrial, de R$ 329 por MWh na média nacional, fica atrás apenas de Itália, Turquia e República Tcheca, segundo estudo inédito da Firjan (Federação das Indústrias do Estado do Rio de Janeiro). A tarifa média dos 27 países que participaram do levantamento foi calculada em R$ 215,50 por MWh. O preço brasileiro, portanto, é 53% superior à média mundial. Considerando a média dos Brics [R$ 140,70 o MWh], a tarifa brasileira é 134% maior. A indústria nacional também paga 131% a mais do que a média de seus principais parceiros comerciais [EUA, Argentina, China e Alemanha], de R$ 142,20 o MWh. "Sob qualquer ótica, estamos muito acima do razoável em termos de competitividade", afirma Cristiano Prado, gerente de competitividade e investimentos da Firjan. O trabalho reforça o alto peso de encargos e impostos sobre o custo total. Eles representam 48,6% da tarifa. Mas os custos de geração, transmissão e distribuição, o chamado GTD, também têm forte influência no total. Segundo o estudo, só o custo de GTD no Brasil, de R$ 165,50 por MWh, supera a tarifa de competidores como China e Argentina, apesar da vantagem hídrica brasileira.
Editoria de Arte/Editoria de Arte/Folhapress

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CARO NA PARTIDA O alto valor do GTD esquenta o debate sobre a renovação das concessões do setor elétrico que começam a vencer em 2015. A indústria, liderada pela Fiesp, defende novas licitações, apostando em preços mais baixos após novos leilões. "A tendência natural é o preço despencar", diz Paulo Skaf, presidente da Fiesp. Segundo ele, será possível reduzir a tarifa de R$ 90 o MWh [média cobrada hoje pela geração nas usinas com renovação prestes a vencer] para R$ 20 o MWh, pois os investimentos na construção dos empreendimentos já foram amortizados e restarão apenas custos operacionais. "O impacto será grande, pois 30% da geração, 40% da distribuição e 80% da transmissão devem vencer a partir de 2015", afirma. A Fiesp entrou com representação no TCU (Tribunal de Contas da União) solicitando intervenção para que sejam tomadas providências para a realização de novos leilões. "Se o GTD não cair 35%, estaremos fora do jogo da competitividade industrial", diz Prado, da Fierj. A possibilidade de nova licitação é descartada pelas empresas de energia. "O processo tende a ser de renovação com onerosidade", diz o presidente da ABCE (Associação Brasileira de Companhias de Energia Elétrica), José Simões Neto.

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A Abradee (associação de distribuidores) diz que os novos leilões não teriam impacto nas tarifas de distribuição, já revistas a cada cinco anos. TARIFA ELEVA PREÇO AO CONSUMIDOR A energia elétrica representa, em média, 10% do custo total da indústria, segundo a Fierj (Federação das Indústrias do Estado do Rio de Janeiro). Quanto mais altos os custos, maior será o preço dos produtos vendidos ao consumidor final. Para não ter prejuízo, a indústria repassa seus custos para o consumidor, o que mais perde na cadeia. Além de pagar pela alta tarifa industrial no preço dos bens adquiridos, ele também arca com uma das tarifas residenciais mais elevadas do mundo. Endereço da página: http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mercado/957188-energia-para-industria-no-brasil-e-a-4-mais-cara-domundo.shtml Copyright Folha de S. Paulo. Todos os direitos reservados. É proibida a reprodução do conteúdo desta página em qualquer meio de comunicaçao, eletrônico ou impresso, sem autorização escrita da Folha de S. Paulo.

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