...The key to writing an effective research paper lies in the sources one chooses to support his or her research topic. Since the Internet has transformed into one the most frequently used research tools, one must be particularly careful about the sources he or she chooses to incorporate into his or her paper. The Internet, is an open forum for anyone with Internet access to post whatever he or she may feel like posting about any subject, whether it be accurate or not. For this reason alone, the author of a research paper needs to ensure the sources included in a research paper are both credible and accurate. “Stoplight Traffic Cameras: Why is Big Brother Ticketing You?” is an article that could be possibly be used to support the thesis statement, “Stoplight traffic cameras are unconstitutional.” To examine this article more closely to see if it is indeed a suitable source to use, one could refer to the set of criteria listed in the Expertise, Accuracy, and Reliability (EAR) test explained by Robert A. Harris in his book titled Using Sources Effectively. The Expertise section of the EAR test is when one must check the credibility of the author. Harris stresses the importance of proving the credibility of an author by determining if the author is, “an authority in the area, an expert, through education, experience, or both?” (Harris 25) An author with any one of those qualifications instantly adds credibility to one’s paper, rather than just any regular Joe off the street who happens...
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...the leading cause of death among young people. While most agree that the issue deserves attention, road traffic injuries have been neglected from the global health agenda for many years. The objective of this paper is to find out why car crashes continue to be the leading cause of deaths and life threatening injuries. Road traffic crashes cause great economic loss to victims, sufferers and their families. These losses range from the cost of treatment, including rehabilitation, to the continued quality of life of the victims in which some cannot work or can work with limited job duties. The desired goal is to find effective prevention methods to circumventthese unnecessary motor vehicle related injuries from occurring. Car Accidents World Health Organization reports every year the lives of almost 1.24 million people that are cut short as a result of road traffic crashes. As a result, it has been proven that there has been a variation in causes of death relating to road traffic crashes. Driving under the influence, distracted drivers, and aggressive driving have been shown as a cause of road traffic crashes that lead to death and life threatening injuries. According to the traffic safety administration the age range that is more likely to result in these offenses are young adults between the ages 15-44 years and male drivers as being more likely to be involved in road traffic crashes than female drivers. This literature review considers whether prevention of thesedeath causing...
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...should not be lowered from 21 to 18 because the legal drinking age is in place to protect young people at a time when irresponsible behavior is prevalent. The Minimum Legal Drinking Age Debate Since 2008, 136 college chancellors and presidents have signed the Amethyst Initiative, asking that the United States reconsider the minimum legal drinking age-21 (MLDA-21) laws that have been in place in all 50 states since 1984. The Amethyst Initiative argues that the MLDA-21 laws simply do not work, create a culture of binge-drinking, and that a policy of legalization and education would be more effective in protecting the safety of American adolescents. Elisabeth Muhlenfeld, the president of Sweet Briar College in Virginia and Amethyst Initiative signatory writes that 70 percent of the student population is underage. Teaching abstinence to students that blatantly ignore the MLDA-21 laws, or urging responsible behavior while drinking underage and breaking the law, are both hypocritical positions for the college administration to be in (Muhlenfeld 2). The Amethyst Initiative position is that current MLDA-21 laws have created a culture of heavy alcohol use by making drinking clandestine and extreme (Saylor 1). The statistics seem to back up this claim. Recent survey's of the 18-20 year old population by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services show that a full 72 percent report having used alcohol in the last year. 36% of those polled reported having “gotten completely wasted”...
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...Darius Norris History: 150 Dr. Linda Wynn Research Paper 4/1/2015 Darius Norris Dr. Linda Wynn History: 150 April 1, 2015 Male African Americans & Racial Profiling in American INTRODUCTION Considering our time and age racial profiling one of the most untouched subjects in history, especially in the law-enforcement community. Most people get it confused with criminal profiling which is not the same. Racial profiling is any police-initiated action that relies on the race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than the behavior of an individual or information that leads the police to a particular individual who has been identified as being or having been, engaged in criminal activity. Criminal profiling is any police- initiated action that used the compilation of the background, physical, behavioral, and motivational characteristics for a type of perpetrator that lead the police. Now imagine driving to the store on a cold winter day, dressed in a hoodie to keep warm. You simply pull into the parking lot in hopes of getting something nice for your daughter for the holidays. Driving the posted speed limit, you pull slowly into a parking space in the back of the store. All of a sudden, a car pulls up behind you, blocking you in. You look in your rearview mirror only to find the community crime watch officer staring you down. The officer immediately treats you like a suspect, smothering you with questions concerning what you’re doing, where you’re going; yet never...
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...service provisioning algorithms, protocols and software. Similarly, the wireless networking community has also started to look at the scalability issues that are relevant to wireless cellular, wireless local, as well as wireless personal area networks besides the emerging area of infrastructure-less networks such as ad-hoc and sensor networks. Surprisingly there is significant scope for research in the wireless scalability area as it relates to the ad hoc and sensor networks and this is one of the reasons why this topic was chosen for a special issue. A wireless sensor network is likely to have a large number of nodes perhaps in thousands to millions and that may create, potentially, numerous scaling problems in the networking protocols, addressing schemes, hardware architectures etc. The key questions that people are asking in this area are: whether wireless networks are scalable? And if they are, what are the appropriate conditions under which the scalability properties are achievable? One of the pioneering works on the capacity of wireless networks was published by Gupta and Kumar [1]. This paper presented a theoretical framework to analyze the capacity of...
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...Criminal Law August 12, 2013 Texting and Driving: It Can Wait Leslee’s life changed forever on March 4th. Leslee Henson and her husband David were involved in a terrible pedestrian-motor accident. They were not driving a car; they were simply going for a walk on a Monday morning in their neighborhood when tragedy struck. The motorist that was guilty of texting, rear ended another vehicle that struck the pedestrians. David shielded his wife, Leslee and took the death for her. In other words, he pushed her out of the way and he died while she survived and has to endure more than 5,000 stitches and staples on her head and neck. Bones in Leslee’s neck and back were broken. She had bleeding in her brain. Her shoulder was injured. The woman that caused the accident was 50 years old, late for work and was texting with her head down. In addition to all these factors, she did not have insurance which leaves Leslee with the medical bills. The car that she rear ended was being driven by a man named Fred, who witnessed David pushing his wife out the way and taking the blow for her. 1 So many individuals’ lives will never be the same because that lady chose to send a text. It has not been revealed what the message entailed but if it was that pertinent, than as a mature person she should have pulled over and taken precautionary measures. David was an amazing father, husband, uncle, and grandfather to 10 darling grand kids. Leslee did go home, two and a half weeks after the accident...
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...Punishment Research Paper Katherine Birchler University of Phoenix (AXIA) It is easy to see that many types of punishments in regards to someone who commits a crime don’t necessarily have long term effects. In other words, the punishment used in American society has not deterred crime. There are four types of punishment used in American society which are: retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and societal protection. There have been many research studies that described the results of each one. The first type of punishment which is called retribution can be described as the belief of doing unto them as they have done to others. Many consider this as the old saying of an “eye for an eye,” and example of punishments of these includes death penalties, life sentences, or other forms of capital punishments. Though there are a lot of controversies about this type of punishment, there are still others who still believe this kind of punishment. It is by far the oldest form of punishment to date and still considered popular today. The effects can be damaging nonetheless to everyone involved in this process. The families of the victim(s) and the offender all grieve however judges and the authorities might justify the punishment as a way of making sure one hundred percent that the criminal will never commit their viscous act. Retribution usually happens when the offender is a serial murderer or someone else who has killed many people and is threat...
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...cost of the “DynaTAC”. The price of cell phones today can run anywhere from $50 to $600. Studies done by Davis, Payne, and Mozee (2010) “Cell phones are now widespread, with more than 255 million wireless subscribers in the United States, comprising 84% of the population. In 2007, cell phone users spent 2.1 trillion minutes talking on cell phones and transmitted 363 billion SMS (“text messages”) over the course of the year.” With so many people using cell phones one can only imagine how many people drive while using their cell phones. Therefore, is it dangerous to drive and use cell phones? Should there be stricter laws banning or putting restrictions on the use of cellular phones while driving? And, are restrictions necessary in order to help save lives? Often people don’t feel that their behavior has an effect on the lives of others. This paper will inform and educate people on the dangers of talking and or texting on a cell phone while driving an automobile. It also point out why legislatures need to step in and...
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...Assignment five: Persuasive paper part 3: possible Disadvantages, Answers, with Visuals Marc Fiston Professor: Susan Sgroi English 215 Strayer University September 3rd, 2014 Topic: should regulations regarding the use of cell phones while driving be standardized? The use cell phones have spread like wild fire in the last ten years. It has become a part of everyday life for many Americans citizens, and a good number of people depend on them to carry out daily operations. Unfortunately, many accidents have taken place in the ten years due to the use of cell phones while on the road. The leads to believe that if people cannot concentrate on the road while talking or texting on cell phones they should not have a cell phone near them at all while driving. The purpose of this research is to discover if texting while driving is the leading cause of automobile accidents of today. Society does not view texting while driving as a safe practice. There are many articles, news reports, and laws passed on texting while operating a vehicle because of the danger associated with the act. Texting while driving causes numerous of problems such as: distraction from the road, a decrease of attention once he or she turns away from the road in responding to a text, and limiting physical ability because texting requires the use of one or both hands to reply to messages. These are some of the issues researchers investigate in finding a conclusion to if the individuals should or should not...
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...Learning Team Debate Paper Business Communication and Critical Thinking/BCOM 275 University of Phoenix Learning Team Debate Paper A topic with considerable debate is the legal age to consume alcoholic beverages. “Most cultures where alcohol consumption is legal have a mandated threshold age at which buying and/or consuming alcohol becomes permitted” (International Center for Alcohol Policies, 2011, para. 5). Currently, the United States has set the legal age to drink at 21. The age was once 18; however, society has changed its views concerning this issue. Because the legal drinking age changed to 21 there was an increase in mortality rate at age 21, increase in motor vehicle accidents, and increase in suicides. Even though 18 is considered an adult and a person should be able to make his or her own decisions, the drinking age should not be lowered because teens lack the maturity to handle alcohol and teens are at a higher risk of alcohol-related deaths. This debate has two sides as some people are for lowering the age to 18 again and some against. Many will argue that the average drinking age around the world is 18. According to International Center for Alcohol Policies (2011), “Minimum drinking and purchase ages in countries around the world range from 16 to 25 years of age, with 18 being the most common age limit” (para. 6). Others say that if a person age 18 is old enough to serve and die for his or her country, he or she should be permitted...
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...Write a 3-5 page papner describing the application of interest arbitration with regard to public sector employment. Within the assignment describe a recent high profile bargaining process between a union and a public sector employment organization (hospital, police, air traffic controllers, and teachers) in which issues were not resolved and the unresolved issues were sent to an impartial arbitrator for a final decision. Do you agree with the final ruling? Please support your stance with academic research. Please support your assignment with research and submit in APA format. Additionally, please submit your assignment in a paper format with a list of references (using APA standards) at the end of the assignment. Application of Interest Arbitration with Regard to Public Sector Organization Schuyler McKenzie One of the most popular method of solving disputes is through arbitration. American Arbitration Association (AAA) is the most popular arbitration in the world, as it has over 800 employees in 35 offices worldwide and represents over 8,000 arbitrators and mediators worldwide. Arbitration is actually an extremely old form of settling disputes between people, businesses, as well as between nations. The process itself is a private method of adjudication, which uses at least one arbitrator to resolve the dispute. Several companies have resulted to using arbitrational clauses within their contracts, as they have become more plentiful...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND The restaurant industry consists of restaurants, bars, and other away-from-home eating facilities. The National Restaurant Association (NRA), an industry trade group based in Washington, D.C., estimated that industry sales in 2001 totaled $399 billion and predicted that industry sales will hit $576.9 billion by 2010. According to the National Restaurant Association (1999), an estimated 844,000 establishments offered prepared food in the United States in 2001 and the number of restaurants in the U.S. is forecasted to increase to 1,001,305 by the year 2010 (Figure 1.1). 1200 1000 1000 831 800 577 600 400 376 200 0 Sales (billions) Locations (thousands) 2000 2010 Source: National Restaurant Association (1999) Figure 1.1 Restaurant Industry Sales and Locations 1 There are a variety of possible locations for restaurants including a freestanding unit, located in shopping mall outlet, food court, or a multiple concept unit within an existing facility designed for another business such as a gas station and convenience store. It may be leased space, a building the retailer purchases, or a new structure built to specification. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages for specific types of restaurants (James, Walker, and Etzel, 1975; McGuire, 1993; Powers, 1997; Hsu and Powers, 2002). The cost of land, lease expenses, and building varies with the location of the restaurant. Metropolitan...
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...Police Department Organization Paper Kathee Kathee CJA/214 November 17th, 2011 Todd Larson The police department is important to community. There are several departments and agencies designed to keep the people safe from drugs, homicide, armed robbery, rape, and many other crimes. There are various acts of violence that take place in America but police are practicing safety precautions to keep our streets safe. In this paper, will be addressing the various types of police agencies at local, state, and federal levels. It will also address the roles and functions of police operations and their role as it applies to the law. Finally, I will identify the major organizational theories associated with policing. There are just under 18,000 law enforcement agencies in the United States. This includes 12,656 local police, 3,061 sheriff’s departments, 49 state police agencies, 1,376 special police agencies, and 45 federal agencies. At the local level, they have municipal police, county police, and county sheriffs. Also there are the constables, coroners, special district police, and the tribal police. Local Police Agencies Municipal police: Municipal or city police are the most important component of American law enforcement. In 2000 they represented 71% of law enforcement agencies and employed 62% of all sworn officers. Municipal police play a more complex role than any other type of law enforcement agency. The external environment heavily influences all agencies...
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...What is Victimology? Tysheena Draten American InterContinental University March 25, 2012 CRJS 310-1202A-01 Abstract In this paper, the writer gives the definition of victimology along with its history and how it was developed. The writer also explains how it is different from criminology, sociology, and psychology. The writer also discusses who established the first safe houses for battered women as well as where and when those safe houses were established. The writer then goes on to tell who established the first rape crisis centers as well as when and where they were established. Next, the writer discusses how the civil rights movement contributed to anti-discrimination efforts and the establishment of hate crime legislation and policy. The writer also tells the role children’s rights groups have played in highlighting the problems child victims face in the criminal justice system. Finally, the writer provide the organizations that an individual can contact if he/she has been victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, child abuse, and homicide along with what services are not provided by government crime compensation programs. What is Victimology? Victimololgy is a sub-discipline of criminology concerned with understanding and explaining the patterning of criminal victimization (Victimology, 2008). Victimology draws together academics, activists, and policymakers from all different type of backgrounds. There are three different types of victimological thoughts...
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...the road and the car in front of you is swerving all over the road? You then become worried and you proceed to switch lanes to ensure your safety, and as you approach the car, you see that the driver is face down in their cellphone, and because of the size of phones these days, you realized that they almost cause an accident for Facebook? Really, Facebook? What happens when your friend comes to pick you up and as you guys head out for a night on the town, your friend is all consumed with texting in the middle of driving, and she inadvertently veers over into the next lane cutting a vehicle almost causing a collision? Your life could have been lost in the blink of an eye, all because of that darn cellphone. As you continue to read this paper, it will show you that texting while driving is just as dangerous and driving while under the influence of alcohol. Cellphones have been around for centuries. The modern cellphone has only had the capability for texting since 1997 when Nokia introduced the 9000i with a full QWERTY keyboard (A Brief History of Text Messaging, 2015). Since its time, the cellphone has become interactive; we now have the luxury of not even needing a personal computer, because cellphones have evolved into just that a fully functional complete communication device. Cellphones are a necessity in life and it has been proven, but not as it pertains to texting and driving. The website www.textinganddrivingsafety.com listed that in 2011 at least 23% of car crashes...
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