...After reading this chapter, the basic reflexes present at birth are rooting, tendency to turn head toward things that touch its cheek, related to function of food intake; Sleeping, movement of legs when held upright with feet touching floor; prepares for independent locomotion; Swimming, tendency to paddle and kick when lying face down in water; related to function of avoiding danger; Moro, arms of infant thrust outward and then appear to grasp something; similar to primates’ protection from falling; Babinski, fans out toes in response to stroke on outside of foot; function unknown; Startle, in response to noise, fling out arms, arch back and spread fingers; protection is the function; Eye-blink, with exposure to light, rapidly open and shut eyes; function is to protect eye from exposure; Sucking, tendency to suck when lips are touched; related to function of food intake; Gag, reaction to clear the throat; related to function of prevention of choking. And the developmental milestones in motor development are: gross motor is rolling over, grasping a rattle, sitting without support, standing while holding on, grasping with thumb and forefinger, standing alone well, walking well, building tower of two cubes, walking up steps, jumping in place; fine motor opens hand prominently, grasps rattle, grasps thumb and finger, holds crayon adaptively, builds tower of two cubes, places pegs in a board, imitates strokes on a paper, copies circle. While there is a consistency to the timing of...
Words: 622 - Pages: 3
...You think it is possible to have sensation without perception? Is it possible to have Perception without sensation? Sensation is the activation of the sense organs by a source of physical energy. Perception is the sorting of , interpretation,analysis and integration of stimuli carried out by the sense organs and brain. It is possible to have a perception without sensation,adaptation is the reason behind that. For example, people feel their amputated body parts for a short period of time. However, without perception sensation is not possible. Because, brain can not identify the sensation without perception. If the eye had a second lens that "unreversed" the image hitting the retina ,do you think there would be changes in the way people perceive the world ? Yes, people will see everything rotated 180 degrees from the normal way. It could also affects our vision, people will see things big or small depends upon the position of the second lens. Much research is being conducted for repairing faulty sensory organs through devices such as personal guidance systems and eyeglasses, among others, do you think that researchers should attempt to improve normal sensory capabilities beyond their natural range.For example, make human visual or audio up abilities more sensitive than normal)? What benefit might this ability bring? What problems might it cause? It will be a good attempt if researchers try to improve normal sensory capabilities beyond their natural range. Which will help to improve...
Words: 638 - Pages: 3
...other. Use detail on binocular and monocular perception cues to explain how we can distinguish a small car nearby from a larger car at a distance. Parvo cells and magno cells are two ganglion cells which are found in the retina. Parvo cells are sensitive to colour and they play a crucial role in our perception of pattern and form. Magno cells on the other hand, are sensitive to brightness and help to detect motion and a perception of depth...
Words: 1319 - Pages: 6
...LESSON 3 To Sense. To Select. To Perceive. TOPICS COVERED To Sense. To Select. To Perceive. The Visual Process. Visual Communication’s circle dance. OBJECTIVES Have you ever wondered how you sense, selecting from a myriad of sights and sounds, perceive...The more you know the more you see. This lesson will focus on our seeing and learning, what we remember, what we forget and what are memorable images. By the end of this chapter you should know: . That visual analysis is vital for understanding the visually intensive world in which we live. . That if you can learn to be more observant, you will see, learn, and remember more. “ The greatest thing a human soul ever does in this world is to see something. To see clearly is poetry, prophecy, and religion, all in one.” John Ruskin 1819 – 1900 The day that changed everything 9/11 What do you remember? What have you forgotten? The Art of Seeing Sensing, Selecting, and Perceiving “The more you know; the more you see.” From the morning of September 11, 2001, radio, television, and print media sources along with their Web site counterparts all went to work to try to inform and explain the horrific personal carnage and destruction that was unleashed against thousands of innocent Americans. Reporters gathered as much information as quickly as possible during the confusing and unbelievable first hours after the attack. With the north tower of the World Trade Center already on fire from a previous direct hit from a commercial...
Words: 1483 - Pages: 6
...Presentation Rubric Group: Team AName(s): Jody Marvin, Fabi Michel, Rhiannon Armstrong, Stephen LorenzCourse Visual Ambiguity Presentation | Date: 7.25.2012Assignment Week 3 Learning Team | Content-4 Possible -Presentation content clearly follows the written paper upon which it is based: Visual Ambiguity-Topic is relevant and addresses assignment specifications: How the visual system resolves ambiguities, analyze the role of perception in cognitive psychology, discuss the importance of visual perception in cognitive processes.-Content presented is comprehensive, accurate, and believable-Key points are noted-Topic is researched adequately | Points Earned: 3.5Team A, This presentation started with a nice definition and discussion of visual ambiguity.I would have liked to see a more comprehensive discussion of the ecological approach; bottom up/top down processing etc. Just looking for a bit more content related to how the visual system resolves ambiguities. Otherwise, I thought that you had nice discussions of the importance of visual ambiguity, attention, perception, and cognition. | Organization/Structure-1.5 Possible -Presentation...
Words: 324 - Pages: 2
...Christine Ladd-Franklin History and Systems of Psychology Christine Ladd-Franklin Christine Ladd-Franklin would make history with her remarkable achievements in psychology. Christine was a mathematician, logician, and psychology. Christine had many influential people in her life that helped support and encouraged her passion for learning in a culture where women found it hard to enter college. These influences included her father, mother, and aunt as well as academic professors, such as Maria Mitchell, James Sylvester, Charles Peirce, G.E. Muller, and Herman von Helmholtz. This paper will describe Christine Ladd-Franklin’s life, background, theory, and contributions to the field of psychology. Christine, often referred to as Kitty, was born in Windsor Connecticut on December 1, 1847(Vassar Encyclopedia, 2012). Christine was the oldest of three children born to Eliphalet and Augusta Ladd. Augusta died when Christine was12. Before her death, Christine’s mother and her aunt Juliet Niles were very influential in Christine’s life as evidenced in her later work as an advocate for women’s rights. As a child, she attended lectures for women’s rights with her mother. Christine’s early education stared at Wesleyan Academy in Wilbraham, Massachusetts, where she prepared for college just like the male students. She graduated in 1865 and was voted valedictorian of her class. In 1866, Christine pursued her education at Vassar, one of the few new colleges that...
Words: 1342 - Pages: 6
...Running head: CREATING YOUR DREAM JOB Creating Your Dream Job Abstract There is nothing more frustrating than to not be able to enjoy life through our sight. Thanks to the medical industry which has created a way to improve a person’s sight, Optometry was created. Doctors of Optometry (ODs) are the primary health care professionals for the eye. Optometrists examine, diagnose, treat, and manage diseases, injuries, and disorders of the visual system, the eye, and associated structures as well as identify related systemic conditions affecting the eye. Creating your Dream Job My dream job is as an Optometrist. The job description for an Optometrist consists of providing primary vision care. They examine people’s eyes to diagnose vision problems, eye disease, prescribe eyeglasses and contact lenses, as well as, coordinate and focus the eyes. As part of the optometrist job description they diagnose conditions caused by systemic diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure, referring patients to other health practitioners as needed. Optometrists usually work in their own offices, generally a clean, well lighted, and comfortable. Setting their own schedules many work weekends and evenings to suit the needs of patients. Of all the Optometrists employed in the United States over 17,080 of them work in the offices of other healthcare practitioners such as ophthalmologists, physicians and other healthcare providers. Health and personal care stores, outpatient care...
Words: 650 - Pages: 3
...Social Pressure-Amber Marsden-Youll Everyone leads different lives and is influenced by different sources but no matter what, we will get influenced by the media and be influenced by a visual image. A visual image is a mental image that we think is similar to a visual perception. It can change our moods and how we think about ourselves creating low self esteem or high self esteem. During a teenager’s life, we think we are judged by every little action we do or any decision we make. Some are affected more than this than others and this is due to society and the way they think things should be. We can be influenced and pressured by many visual sources such as magazines, T.V., and the main one, the Internet. During the rapid progression of technology, we can do and manipulate things quicker and easier than ever to make them look perfect when in real life it isn’t like that. There is a vast range of new visual images available in this century. What I will focus on today is the way the social visual images in the media influences girls to dress they way they dress, choose the decisions they make and how social pressures affects them. We all know of the media sights like Tumblr, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and so on and how we can manipulate photos so it looks like our eyes are as big as a dolls and perfect, or how we can make our skin flawless and glowing. With the help and assistance of make-up and plastic surgery, we can change our whole look. From being pale with...
Words: 818 - Pages: 4
...We can never truly be sure that our visual experience tells us how things really are; optical illusions disprove our sight regularly and distort our opinions of what we believe to be true due to visual perception on a daily basis. Because of a defect in the shape of my eyes, if I were to take off my prescription lenses, the world would seem to me as if someone applied a Gaussian blur filter to everything in front of me. Without the aid of my glasses, objects blend into one another and details not immediately in front of me disappear from my perception altogether. This, however, does not mean that the object ceases to exist just because I can no longer see it. We learn this concept of object permanency at a young age. Similarly, if we take Morpheus’ claims to be true, and the world outside of the Matrix as reality, the entirety of Neo’s life experiences up to the point when he’s freed from the vat of liquid have been false. For years, the visual stimuli perceived by his mind seem to have fooled him, and this serves as a testament to our inability to objectively discern truth from falsehood, “the real world” from the fiction. All we have to rely on are our senses, but the existence of Matrix, or even more mundane illusions have proven that they can’t always be trusted. They are susceptible to manipulation. However, I posit that the ability to discern whether his perceptions were now real in that situation would not make any practical difference to him, because for all...
Words: 317 - Pages: 2
...It's not all in your eyes. An illusion is proof that you don't always see what you think you do because of the way your brain and your entire visual system perceive and interpret an image. Visual illusions occur due to properties of the visual areas of the brain as they receive and process information. Your perception of an illusion has more to do with how your brain works and less to do with the optics of your eye. Everything that enters the senses needs to be interpreted through the brain, and these interpretations occasionally go wrong. Illusions, may serve as a test to determine whether scientists understand vision correctly. When light hits our retina in the eye, about one-tenth of a second goes by before the brain translates that into a visual perception of the world. Our brains compensate for this neural delay and so it attempts to generate an image of what it will perceive one-tenth of a second in the future. Optical illusions occur when what our brains predict does not match the reality. A better way to think of it is in order to compensate for this massive loss of information and provide us with visual perceptions that are rich in contrast, color, and movement, the brain introduces abstract parameters that often fill in or amplify the fragments of reality that it is given to work with. The brain's powers to interpret visual information in this way are so great that it sometimes creates an impression of coherence where there is none, in other words, an optical illusion...
Words: 636 - Pages: 3
...search makes it easy and fast to find what you are looking for, which I like. At first the software is intimidating but once you understand how to navigate your way through it you learn that it is actually very user friendly and I look forward to using it during this course. Another portion I liked was the animation section and the workbook assignment that went along with that. I was able to stay intrigued throughout the animation in order to answer the questions. Knowing myself it would have been likely for me to watch the animation and pray that I remember everything, which is not efficient at all. This way I was able to pertain more information. Having everything at such easy access and not just having readings but more activities and visuals is making me eager to...
Words: 296 - Pages: 2
... Where does it come from? As described in Sensation and Perception by E. Bruce Goldstein, “Color is one of the most obvious and pervasive qualities in our environment.” (Goldstein, pg. 202) We interact with color on a daily basis. It is what makes up the earth we live. As the days go by, there isn’t a day we don’t encounter color to some extent. We even choose our favorites! We use color to describe the way we feel such as being blue, or green with feeling peaceful, the list goes on. We visualize and feel them. Colors server specific functions in our daily lives. Understanding that color perception plays major roles in the lives of human beings, discovering the effects it has on gender gives us deeper reasoning to appreciate its importance. Previous research on vision and perception have dissected the impact of color perception in men versus women. “‘Vision’ is the most important sense as about 80% information which we get through all the senses, is visual. This visual information becomes even more meaningful and informative when these are colorful. In fact colors not only provide the objective information about the world, it impinges on our psyche, attitude and feelings.” (Khouw, 2010) Understanding this gives us more insight on the importance of appreciating the value color simply adds. Color perception or vision is the ability of the eyes to discriminate between the light rays of different wavelengths. Our visual system distinguishes color by comparing the relative rates...
Words: 751 - Pages: 4
...2.6 Image Processing Image processing is a term which indicates the processing on the image which is taken as input and the result set of processing is may be a set of related parameters of an image. The purpose of image processing is visualization which is to observe the objects that are not visible. There are two types of image processing techniques are used which are analog image processing and digital image processing [22]. Analog image processing can be used for hard copies like printouts and photographs. Image analysts use various fundamentals of interpretation while using these analog techniques. Digital image processing technique will discuss in section 2.6.1. 2.6.1 Digital Image Processing Digital image processing offers more complex algorithms to be implemented in image processing, and thus can offer both more refine performance and produce solutions for conventional analog implementation that were deemed impossible in the past. 2.7 Pre-Processing Techniques In the medical images, the common characteristics like as unknown noise, poor image contrast, in homogeneity, weak boundaries and unrelated parts will affect the content of the medical MR images. In digital image processing, the pre-processing are fundamental steps in the medical image processing to produce better result of image quality for segmentation and feature extractions. In CT Brain images for Content-Based image retrieval [23], the pre-processing step including cutting out background area for CT brain...
Words: 851 - Pages: 4
...Retinal Implants The article I researched is “Will Retinal Implants Restore Vision?” by Eberhart Zrenner. In this article the author begins by discussing the vision process. It begins with light passing through the pupil. Next the light is focused onto the rods and cones on the outer layer of the retina by the lens. Once this happens the image is transformed into both chemical and electrical signals. The electrical signals are carried from the retina, by ganglion neurons, into the optic nerve. The axons of these ganglion neurons are what form the optic nerve. Finally the information is transferred from the optic nerve to the primary visual cortex, which is a part of the brain. The retina is considered the neuroprocessor of the eye and is responsible for the recognition of images. The article continues next stating that there are many different groups of researchers who are creating types of implants to possibly help the vision of patients with retinas that are degenerating. The author discusses, in great detail, one type is known as an electrical implant. These implants are able to connect right onto the retina. Zrenner states that when electrical implants were used in animal experiments, they have shown positive results. There is, however, a great deal of future research and experiments that must take place before they are used for humans. (Zrenner, 2002) The article goes on to discuss the two types of retinal implants that are being developed. These types are subretinal...
Words: 616 - Pages: 3
...Which has a greater emotional effect on the reader/viewer? A visual text or a print text? What we see and what we read from magazines, newspaper and articles all have a great emotional effect on how we feel. I think choosing between which has a greater emotional effect on the reader is to look at the reader themselves, if they are a more visual person then it is more likely that they'll have more emotion towards visual texts. Compared to a person who likes reading more, they might be more enhanced by the effect of descriptive words from a print text. In my opinion, visual texts have a more greater emotional effect on me. This is partly because I dislike reading. However, visual texts also includes some form of text in the image itself. In visual texts, you can see the image right before your eyes, and further analysis the picture by it's composition, color and other visual techniques. In print text, the difference is that it gives more information and it is more detailed. If I try imagining the picture in my head, it might not exactly be what the author is actually portraying. If a print text is trying to textually describe a picture the emotional reaction would not be as strong and it would take more time to digest the information. Unlike visual texts, the visual image itself is already there. It's like looking at a picture of something that has sentimental value to you, just looking at the picture brings up cherished memories and emotion. E.g. the triangle fire...
Words: 357 - Pages: 2
