...The Concept of Ethical Obligations Strayer University PAD 500 Modern Public Administration Dr. Leah Raby 11.25.13 George Tenet served as the Director if the Central Intelligence Agency from 1997 to 2004 under Presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush. His CIA tenure coincided with the 9/11 terrorists attacks the New York City World Trade Center, Pentagon in Washington, D.C and the American invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq all marked by challenges and controversies for the agency and his leadership(White, 2008). Tenet’s case discussed his decision making roles before and during the invasion of Iraq. It also took a close look at Tenet’s priorities in the agency, the public and of his conscious. In this paper, I will first identify four cross-coded ethical dilemmas facing former CIA Director George Tenet and assess their impact on his leadership abilities. Secondly, analyze four ways in which Tenet addressed the prioritization of ethical concerns. Then, I will identify and explain four strategies used in competing ethical obligation in relation to the many intergovernmental organizations that overlapped his office. I will also elaborate on four relevant notions for designing ethical maps for defining and prioritizing ethical obligations. Finally, I will research and cite at least four peer-reviewed academic sources. Ethics is defined as moral principles...
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...Code of Ethics Paper Ethical dilemmas in medicine are nothing new. They have been recognized and discussed in Western medicine since a small group of doctors. The Hippocrates was invented around the fourth century. New graduated doctors are to uphold this code of practice till today. In earlier times when doctors had only limited abilities to change the course of disease today can they intervene in ways that most fundamental processes of life and death. Ethical dilemmas in medicine are no longer considered the sole region of professionals. Professional code of ethics offers some guidance, but they are usually unclear and uncertain about what to do in specific situations. These codes assume that whatever decision is to be made is up to the professional not the patient. Today patients, families, and clergy want to become involved in ethical decisions. In large societal decisions such as how science medical resources, including high technology machinery, newborn intensive care units, and the expertise of doctors. While the doctors and patient relationships and individual cases are still prominent in bioethics. Bioethics began in 1950’ s as an intellectual movement among a small of doctors who started to examine the questions raised by the new medical technologies that were starting to emerge as the result of heavy costs of public funds in medical research after the war. That was joined by a number of scientists who has become disillusioned with what they saw....
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...Analysis of an Ethical Conflict in Practice: Battlefield Nursing by Jonathan Wells A PAPER Submitted to the faculty of the Excelsior College, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Nursing. ALBANY, NY 2012 Abstract In the legal world that we live in, we are constantly at risk of facing ethical dilemmas that may arise from conflicting legal obligations. If caring is important in nursing, then nurses will have to make a concerted effort to define a specific duty of care in clinical, administrative, educational, research and military environments. In order to fully preserve tradition and concept of caring within the profession of nursing, we must make every effort to understand its ethical implications and provide the guidance needed for navigating dilemmas that regularly arise in relation to it. Analysis of an Ethical Conflict in Practice: Battlefield Nursing This paper will provide a brief overview of a possible ethical dilemma that may arise within the field or nursing during war time. It will then move on to explain the multiple ethical issues within the overall situation, the decision making model that the author has chosen to apply to the dilemma, and the stakeholders with their possible interest in the decision making process. With this information defined, the paper will move on to state the author’s derived solution to the situation, as well as a moral justification for the plan of action to be implemented...
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...A Research paper on An Overview of Business Ethics in Indian Businesses Authors: 1) Ms. Swenee Shah 2) Ms. Mehal Pandya 3) Ms. Chitral Patel (Faculties of Hasmukh Goswami College Of Engineering (MBA)) Submitted to: Gujarat Technological University 1 Abstract Business ethics deals with ethical rules and principles necessary for a successful business. It explains the various ethical problems that can rise in a business setting and the responsibilities of persons who are engaged in an organization. We have here shown how the Indian Businesses follows ethical practices even though they are working globally. We have here also taken few examples MNCS to show how are they going ahead unethically. In this research paper we have tried to show that no business can get success even though they are going globally (locally) if they don’t follow ethics and legitimate values. Our research paper reflects that true and ethical business can sustain for longer time and even can survive at toughest time. ethical training ,policies procedures will help any organization to manage their work place very well .we have shown that how ethics will help to enhance reputation of business and generate loyalty from staff members. Our research paper will open new avenues to the ethical dilemmas 2 Table of Contents Particulars What is Business Ethics Ethics and military Overview of issues in Business Ethics Ethics in Indian context: Scope of business ethics Approaches to Business...
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...Ferraris, Western Oregon University Nick Backus, Western Oregon University Abstract In this paper we demonstrate how to focus an empirical application in reaching an ethical decision by working with the Potter Box, a model created by Ralph Potter as an analytical tool assessing the ethics of corporate decision-making, The facts emerging in news accounts regarding lawsuits against the pharmaceutical company Merck and its painkiller Vioxx are analyzed for ethical consideration. Utilizing the Potter Box model, the case against Merck can be interpreted and studied in light of ethical considerations. The results demonstrate not only how a decision is argued, but what is missing in the overall consideration for the decision. Introduction The mythos of freedom and responsibility in the United States is premised on the ethical actions of members of the society, particularly those in positions of power. And ethics in communication takes a place of preeminence since the words spoken by authorities are often all a public relies upon to pass judgment. How is the citizen or the communication analyst to evaluate the ethics of the utterances of others? And how does the communicator determine the ethical appropriateness of a planned message? This paper is an introduction to an accessible method of ethical decision-making in communication. The Potter Box allows both student and scholar to analyze the ethical responsibilities of communicators in terms that are both practical and theoretically grounded...
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...Deadly Force Among Police Personnel in the UK Against a backdrop of a democratic society, the use of deadly force by the police in countries such as the UK seems implausible for human rights activists. First, police officers are expected to uphold the human rights of every individual hence, civilian rights are always preserved even in criminal cases where the due process of law is considered to be the golden standard in the judicial system. Thus, threading the line between regulations and policies of the agency as well as the ethical and moral dilemma in the use of deadly force predisposes police officers to question the legitimacy as well as the moral justifications in their use of deadly force. While several philosophical theorists have argued for different justifications through philosophical theories, the theory of consequentialism appears to be the one that closely justifies the use of deadly force among the police. Before examining the moral and ethical arguments for the use of deadly force using the consequentialist paradigm, let us first examine the important aspects of deadly force and the use of it by the UK police. First, deadly force as defined by Geller and Scott (23) pertains to the force reasonably capable of causing death or bodily harm. According to this definition, an act that can kill should be consumated before it can be considered as a deadly force hence; threats are not considered to be within the parameters of this scope. The use of deadly force according...
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...STUDIES MSC 1 TAKE HOME EXAMINATION TITLED (ETHICAL THEORY CRITICISM) COURSE MAC 851 APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF MASS COMMUNICATION LECTURER MR. JIMMY KAYODE WRITTEN BY AKIYODE ESTHER OLADUNNI MATRIC NO 01/09/AV/4018 TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION DEFINITION ETHICAL PRINCIPLES • BENEFICENCE • LEAST HARM • RESPECT FOR AUTONOMY • JUSTICE ETHICAL THEORIES • DEONTOLOGY • UTILITARIASM • RIGHTS • CASUIST • VIRTUE VIEW OR NOTABLE SCHOLARS • PLATO ABSOLUTION • ARISOTLE: EUDEMONISM • ST. THOMAS AQUINESS – NATURAL LAW • IMMANUEL KANT: DEONTOLOGY • JOHN STUART MILL – UTILITARISM • JOHN RAWLS – CONGRATURIANISM • TOM REGAN: RIGHTS THEORY (BONUS THEORY ) • TENTATIVE COMPARISON (TABLE & GRAPH) • CRITICISM AGAINST DEONTOLOGY: “ “ UTILITARIANISM “ “ RIGHTS “ “ CASUIST “ “ VIRTUE • CONCLUSION • REFERENCES CRITICISMS OF ETHICAL THEORIES INTRODUCTION The art of critiquing is basically to appraise a work i.e articles, write-ups, novels etc. Critiquing does not aim to condemn or castigate a paper but to seek the flaws, identify the various meanings, put up better explanations on the subject, seek the weaknesses and strengths and give opinions to enhance the quality of the discourse. The topic of this discourse is ETHICAL THEORIES CRITICISM. We shall examine the definition...
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...causes of such imbalances and problems are many. One problem is that of ideas promulgated by IMF and World Bank, through their policies. They give policies that are “one size fit all type.” This means that some countries cannot afford those measures. One underlying issue is that economic globalization has fast-paced political globalization. Economic globalization requires countries to integrate and be interdependent. However, there is political fragmentation that cannot support economic globalization. Developed countries want agreements that meet only their interests. Free trade agreements do not translate into real free business on the ground. The issue of intellectual property is not fully addressed on a global level. Ethical considerations One of the main ethical considerations should be...
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...Effective Communication Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………..4 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………5 Chapter One: History of Ethical Theory Development Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….…6 Definition of Ethics Business Ethics and Individual Ethics: Is There a Difference?…………………….…..7 Virtue Ethics…………………………………………………………………………............9 Practical Wisdom……………………………………………………………….14 Eudaimonia……………………………………………………………………...15 Kantian Ethics……………………………………………………………………16 Ethical Egoism…………………………………………………………………………….....18 Consequentialist Ethics.……………………………………………………………………..21 Chapter Two: Corporate Social Responsibility Introduction 27 Corporate Social Responsibility 27 Summary 34 Chapter Three: The National Football League’s Blackout Policy is Unethical Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….…35 The History of the NFL Blackout Policy: The Legal Test…………………………………..37 The Economic Test: Do Blackouts Have a Positive Economic Benefit?...............................39 The Philanthropic Test……………………………………………………………………….43 The Ethics Test………………………………………………………………………………47 Summary……………………………………………………………………………………..51 Chapter Four: Effective Communication Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….....50 Effective Communication Defined………………………………………………………..…50 This Student’s Display of Effective Communication…………………………………….....51 Written Communication………………………………………………………………...
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...Week 6 tute: Is Responsible Business Important? (Assessed) Research about the ‘phone hacking’ scandal involving News International and be prepared to discuss the following based on the ‘Sorry’ advertisement reproduced below. 1. Identify three key aspects of the ‘phone hacking’ scandal? On 13 November 2005, the News of the World published an article written by royal editor Clive Goodman, claiming that Prince William was in the process of borrowing a portable editing suite. Following the publication, the Prince and royal staff met to try to figure out how the details of their arrangement had been leaked, as only two other people were aware of it, and asked police for investigation. In August 2006, Goodman and private investigator Mulcaire were arrested by the Metropolitan Police, and later charged with hacking the telephones of members of the royal family by accessing voicemail messages. It was first reported by The Guardian on 4 July 2011 that police had found evidence suggesting that the private investigator Glenn Mulcaire collected personal information about the family of the missing schoolgirl Milly Dowler, following her disappearance in March 2002 and the subsequent discovery of her body six months later. According to the paper, journalists working for the News of the World had hired private investigators to hack into Dowler's voicemail inbox while she was still missing. It was alleged that they had deleted some messages, giving false hope to police and to Dowler's...
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...Executive Summary This report will introduce Toyota company of business ethics, in the first part, the report described the definition of business ethics, and then introduced the environmental scanning method and PEST and concretely introduces the Toyota company's ethical dilemma, how to solve this problem, from the Angle of moral evaluation, the whole situation based on different kinds of ethical theory, business ethics from the perspective of moral comprehensive understanding of the problem, and then to carry on the analysis. Making companies in the society, the government, and people’s hearts set up a better image, which is beneficial to the development of the company and have more income. Hope this report from every Angle analysis Toyota company pedal events, brake event. Let the Toyota Company remember the lesson. And effectively solve it. 1.0What is business ethic? Have a lot about what is the business ethics idea, or is simple; some people think is right or wrong. Essentially, business ethics is the pursuit of truth. Can and should be regarded as for $5 and $5 $10 is equal to the initial level, the simple truth. Therefore, the businessman must provide good quality goods and service, with reasonable price to consumers' normal supply. They must avoid addicted to like adulterate unfair trade practices, promoting misleading advertising, cheating weights and measures, such as the black market, they must give fair wages and their workers provide good working conditions....
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...CONTENTS 1.0 Methodology Section 1 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Company History and Background 2.2 Mission and Principle 3.0 Stakeholder Analysis 3.1 Ethical theory Section 2 4.0 Dilemmas 4.1 Starbucks Cup Recycling 4.2 Starbucks Coffee Bean 4.3 The Dorosin Issue 4.4 Breastfeeding in Starbucks 4.5 Financial Loss 4.6 Starbucks Water Waste Section 3 5.0 Best practice 5.1 Official Website / information 5.2 Stakeholders 5.3 Environment 5.4 CSR – Corporate Social Responsibility Section 4 6.0 Recommendations 1.0 Methodology In this report will show that the ethical issues facing by Starbucks and the solution which can help Starbucks overcome the issues of Starbucks facing. Except researched the official website of Starbucks, but also viewing external agencies and individuals, journals and text books. Based on these sources, so author will be able provide an overview with objectivity of Starbucks organization. Besides, author appoints a stakeholder analysis, appropriate theory for state the better ways for Starbucks organization. In the beginning, it will show the company history, background and principles of the Starbucks organization. Based on these information can be enhance reader more understanding the Starbucks organization and find out what has been done or done in future and why Starbucks make these decisions. 2.0 Introduction Business Ethics can be define as the examination of the variety of problems that can arise from the business...
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...HUMN432 Week 6 Assignment: Final Draft of the Paper Technology: The Invention of Gunpowder Professor: Adam Ravalovich August 12, 2011 Title: The Invention of Gunpowder A. Introduction: The invention of gunpowder was one of China’s four greatest inventions that made a significant contribution to Chinese culture. Gunpowder in Chinese is called “huo yau”, meaning flaming medicine. The use of gunpowder gave the Chinese a greater ability to protect them from enemies and to conquer and control others. Although fireworks today are used as entertainment, the Chinese used it to scare-off enemies in the time of war. Chinese firearms, fireworks and gunpowder were also popular items of trade along the Silk Road to Europe. As we can imagine this invention had a profound effect on human history and although gunpowder was invented by the Chinese, it gave rise to the powerful western world while it inevitably left China and the Eastern World behind. B. Description of the Chinese Culture (Brandy Miller) 1. Chinese Society: Understanding a people's culture exposes their normalness without reducing their individuality. There are many different realms of Chinese society. China is well known for its centuries of traditional values, customs and beliefs. These beliefs are deeply linked with the language, religions and collective values which have always been the center of traditional festivals, customs and everyday life of man as a collective in harmony with nature...
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...Review of Policy Document The Great Transition A tale of how it turned out right By nef is an independent think-and-do tank that inspires and demonstrates real economic well-being Abstract The paper ‘The great transition’ by the nef talks about the great transition that we as a humanity has to take in order to reverse the harm that have been caused to the environment by our actions. In this report I try to analyse the policy and look at what suggestions that have been suggested by the authors is adoptable and what potential implications can it have on the world economy and businesses in general, and also what potential positive impact this can have on global warming and climate change. At the end of the report I make a reflection on the ethical and moral dilemma that I might face in future at my workplace. Introduction Our crude dependence on oil and the complete disregard for the environment has led us to this path of irreversible destructive impact on the planet and there is no less that 60 months left beginning in 2008 that climate change in the form of a 4C rise in temperature by the end of the century becomes irreversible. Also with the current economic crisis it has become apparent that the path that we are going forward in terms of value creation in terms of wealth and GDP output has not been efficient enough to target the real problems that we face today and most governments have been ineffective enough to give an optimal result....
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...June 17, 2015 Abstract As organizations increase their global footprint, the need for reliable, ethical, and sustainable suppliers also increases. Understanding this need, more businesses are engaging suppliers that are the most cost effective and not necessarily the most ethical. This brings me to the research of purchasing ethics. Specifically how do ethics change the landscape of today’s global market? This paper will look at several factors that include the cross cultural understanding of ethics, the personal and professional responsibility, and several ethical challenges such as environmental responsibility and human rights and the impact it has on the global market. Key Words: business ethics, global market, cultural factors, professional responsibility, ethical challenges I. WHAT IS ETHICS – DEFINITION AND UNDERSTANDING Clearly define what ethics mean in the global market and the domestic market and how it is interpreted in each. II. CULTURAL FACTORS IN GLOBAL MARKETS Identify how cultural factors such as religion, sexual orientation, and accepted standard practices influence or hinder international and domestic business. III. PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY TO BUSINESSES Identify the responsibility and moral obligation when ethical dilemmas occur, your personal code of ethics or that of the executive, or corporation. IV. ETHICAL CHALLENGES TO GLOBAL MARKETS Understand the responses and challenges to the environment, human...
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