...Solution of a Mathematical Model of Pollutant Concentration in a Channel Flow using Adomian Decomposition Method U. Isip, T. Aboiyar and E. S. Onah Department of Mathematics/Statistics/Computer Science, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria Abstract This paper focuses on the solution of a model for nonlinear dispersion of a pollutant ejected by an external source into a laminar flow of an incompressible fluid in a channel. The model equations are solved using the Adomian Decomposition Method, which is a semi-analytical method. The Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) can be used to obtain exact solutions of nonlinear functional equations of various kinds without discretizing the equations or approximating the operators. The solution, when it exists, is found in a rapidly converging series form, and time and space are not discretized. Solutions of the mathematical model are presented in graphical form and given in terms of fluid velocity and pollutant concentration, for various parameter values. The results agree with results in literature obtained by high order finite difference methods. 1 Introduction Water pollution, resulting from industrial waste discharge into water bodies such as rivers, lakes, streams among others, is a serious environmental concern, having large scale impact on both people and other living organisms in both small and large communities, especially in the riverine areas. An example of this is the accidental spillage of crude oil into...
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...Air and Water Pollution Paper Deleta Johnson ENV/100 September 3, 2013 Dr. Willie Frazier Pollution is the contamination of substances so that they are unfit for an intended use. Waste materials from people, animals, and industries pollute water. Air can become polluted from smoke and dust and from automobile exhaust gases. This paper will be discussing two types of water and air pollutants and analyze their effect on the environment and human life. Air pollution occurs when wastes dirty the air. Nitrogen Oxide and Carbon Oxide is two of the air pollutants that have problems with pollution in society today. These two air pollutants fall in the category of primary pollutants. I believe that these two pollutants are primary pollutants because when nitrogen oxide is inhaled by individuals it can cause serious health problems such as asthma. Nitrogen oxide is let out and exposed into the air it can harm the growth of the plants and crops. As a result the farmers lose quantities of food that are being grown. Carbon oxide is an odorless, colorless, and tasteless gas. Human beings and animals inhale oxygen and exhale the carbon dioxide that is produced by oxidizing food in their bodies. “Green plants take carbon dioxide from the air and give off oxygen when light shines on them. In the light, plants combine carbon dioxide with water to make food.” (Sorensen,2013) Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and extremely poisonous gas. Because it has no odor or color...
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... |College of Natural Sciences | | |ENV/100 Version 2 | | |Principles of Environmental Science | Copyright © 2011, 2009 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course will provide students with the scientific principles, concepts, and methodologies that are required to identify and analyze risks associated with environmental problems, and examine alternative solutions for resolving or preventing these problems. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Berg, L. R., & Hager, M. C. (2009). Visualizing environmental...
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...before is that we cause air pollution directly and indirectly. Solid facts are given as to how much pollution is emitted annually by families and by individuals as well. This source gives an in depth analysis on the types and sources of pollutants and the effects of these pollutants on human health, the environment, and the economy. This source provides a solid base for my paper and my other sources by providing background information to the multiple aspects of air pollution that I need to know. It provides information as to how the main cause of air pollution is actually caused indirectly by us through the goods and services we buy. “Most of this air pollution we cause results from the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, natural gas, and gasoline to produce electricity and power our vehicles” (Air Pollution). This source provides a pie chart to help readers visualize the sources of air pollution that we emit daily. It very clearly describes the pollutants such as: ozone, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, lead, and mercury. It goes on to provide the sources of these pollutants and the effects they have on human health and the environment. This article will be very useful in my paper by giving me sound facts and background information to support my argument that we should be concerned and aware with air pollution in our society. I can also use all of the information in this article to support the linkage that I...
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...Abstract This paper will explore the causes issues and solutions for the Salton Sea from reports by scientists. There are many different issues that plague this Sea in southern California and many of theses issues do not seem to have an solution in sight. Because this Sea is man made there are many differing opinions on what to do with the Salton Sea, let it dry up or try and Save it. This paper examines the Salton Sea through a variety of different sources to try and figure out what went wrong and what kind of solutions are available to help save the Salton Sea. The Salton Sea, Problems and Solutions 3 The Salton Sea, Problems and...
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...Atmospheric Issues March 9, 2014 Environmental Science Shawnica Pollard Abstract The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast an atmospheric issue, climate change, to an indoor air pollutant, radon. The paper will include discussions about the similarities as well as the differences between climate change and radon, the causes and effects of both, efforts to mitigate these issues, and current events that relate to both climate change and radon. Atmospheric Issues Acid rain, an atmospheric issue, and radon, an indoor air pollutant are both issues that have a damaging effect on the environment and cause health problems for people in general. The population is becoming increasingly concerned about these issues and have begun to take steps to improve the quality of the atmosphere as well as combating indoor air pollutants. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, “Acid rain is a serious environmental problem that affects large parts of the United States and Canada. Acid rain is particularly damaging to lakes, streams, and forests and the plants and animals that live in these ecosystems.” (EPA, 2012). Acid rain is a mixture of wet and dry deposited material from the atmosphere containing “higher than normal amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids” (EPA, 2012). Acid rain is a result of both natural sources, such as those found in volcanoes and decaying vegetation, and man-made sources, primarily emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. These man-made...
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...one or more federal air quality standards What therefore should the citizens of this country do to prevent such catastrophes? This paper aims to expose the different types of air pollutants, where they come from, their specific effects on the environment, and what we as human beings should do t Air Pollutants First, one must take a look at the different pollutants and air toxins. Ozone is a gas that can be both beneficial and very harmful. High in the upper atmosphere it may shield the earth from the harmful ultraviolet radiation waves from the sun. Howeve Carbon monoxide is an odorless and colorless gas that comes from the exhaust of motor vehicles after fossil fuels, mainly oil and gas, are burned or combusted incompletely (Buchdahl "Health Effects" 2). Cars, buses, and some industrial plants tend to gi The next major pollutants are hydrocarbons. These tend to be released by many man-made sources mainly fossil fuel combustion (Brownstein 1). Some hydrocarbons can directly create health hazards. Benzene, a colorless clear liquid is highly volatile, or The last two pollutants are of particular interest because they are responsible for the formation of smog and acid rain. The first one, is sulfur dioxide, which is created from the burning of fossil fuels. This pollutant may come naturally into the env The last major air pollutants in our environment are nitrogen oxides. Once again, this...
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...Ecological impact of international business on China In the last decade, China has undergone veritable economic expansion, but with great cost to its environment. Unregulated production and pollution have resulted in the existence of over 400 cancer villages in China, concentrated around areas of high economic development (Florcruz, 2013). According to the Chinese media, cancer villages are defined as villages where the number of cancer patients is extraordinarily high due to levels of water pollution from industrial activities. Outside of China, the scientific community identifies "cancer clusters" as regions where cancer is more common as a result of the density of cancer-causing pollutants. The proliferation of cancer clusters in China is higher than anywhere else in the world. Cancer is the number one cause of death in urban China, with lung cancer being the most deadly (Liu, 2010).This essay will analyse the rise of China's economy, the environmental effects it has had on present day China, and how it will continue to effect China in the future. It will also discuss several environmental, economic, and legal policies the government of China are currently looking at and changes they need to consider in the future. "China's economic transformation is one of the most dramatic economic developments of recent decades" (Greene, Dihel, Kowalski & Lippoldt, 2006, p. 5). In 2001, the Chinese economy overtook Japan to become the second largest economy in the world behind...
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...ENV/100 Week One Individual Assignment Environmental Fundamentals Paper Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you discuss the fundamental principles of environment science. In your paper, answer the following questions: • How do you define environmental science? Environmental science is the study of how humans interact with the environment. Environmental science is the study of the interaction of the living and non-living components of the environment with special emphasis on the impact of humans on these components. Environmental science is a very dynamic area of research and involves many different fields of study. (Hartwick College, 2013) These other study areas include biology, ecology, geology, chemistry, physic, engineering, math, computer science and other sciences that work together to keep the world moving forward. • How does the relationship between science and technology affect environmental problems and solutions in today's society? Science and technology have been and will be ways to study the environment and the issues that are occurring including climate change, pollution and the reduction in natural resources. Over the past thirty years scientist have studied air pollution and how it is affect the environment which has led to new technology to monitor air quality. Also science and technology have developed new engines and manufacturing plants that reduce pollution back into the environment. Automobiles produce lower volumes of carbon dioxide then...
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...food preservation and consumption, plastic fabrication, glassmaking, pharmaceutical synthesis, pulp and paper production, textile production, waste and water treatment, petroleum production, agricultural processes, dye production, and de-icing methods (). However, as beneficial as salt is to our society, its use can lead to major environmental pollution issues. In this experiment, the effects of salt as a pollutant to the freshwater algae,...
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...of fresh water and are home to many species of wildlife. However, with the belief that water could dilute any substance, the lakes also became a destination of dumping grounds for many different types of pollutants. Ranging from point source pollution such as industrial waste from drainage pipes to non-point source pollution like pesticide and fertilizer runoff from farms, these pollutants and others have had adverse effects on the lakes. Such adverse effects include reducing the water quality, contaminating soils, and damaging the lake ecosystems. This damage produces harmful repercussions on the fish and wildlife stocks, and to the humans surrounding the Great Lakes region as well. To observe this, we will analyze the tissue concentrations in lake trout of four influential pollutants in Lake Huron, to see if there is a correlation to the total biomass of the lake trout. BACKGROUND Sources of Pollution in the Great Lakes Point-source pollution refers to a direct source of pollution, such as a pipe or other vessel. Early industries like pulp and paper companies located in the Great Lakes region believed that anything could be dissolved in water, and thus neutralized. As a result, many wastes (such as mercury) were dumped into the Great Lakes. There have also been observations of fecal matter pollution from sewage, which results in harmful bacteria such as E. coli and enterococci (Liu et al 2006). Both sewage and other organic and inorganic wastes cause the water quality...
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...WATER AS OUR NATURAL RESOURSE There are more than 326 million trillion gallons of water on Earth. Less than 3 % of all this water is fresh water and of that amount, more than two-thirds is locked up in ice caps and glaciers. With so much water around it seems like there is enough to see us through for millions of years. But did you know that even water, which seems to be in abundance, might one day become scarce? Each time you throw something as garbage, think of where it will finally end up. Whether it is a plastic glass, your broken cell phone or the used up battery cells from your portable CD/MP3 player, they all contribute in some way to environmental pollution and are also hazardous to life. Not only are they biodegradable, but also disposing of them has their own risks as they release harmful toxins into the air and surrounding soil and ground water. All these cause water pollution .! What is water pollution? Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater). Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds. Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities. Water pollution is a major global problem which requires ongoing evaluation and revision...
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...Simulation Paper Sean Adams Submitted to Heidi Hales For SCI/362 January 4, 2013 Case-In point: Lake Washington Environmental pollution is an issue that knows no borders. Some countries are more successful than others in addressing these issues for both short and long-term results. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the environmental problems in Central and Eastern Europe caused by decades of pollution. In this paper, I will identify unintended consequences of humankind’s activities that has led to environmental problems, describe the effect of current scientific or technological activities, discuss how the scientific method approach could have helped the current issues, and address any alternative solutions beyond the scientific method. The environmental pollution problems of Central and Eastern Europe come largely from the neglect of environmentally safe work and behavior practices of the previously communist-run countries. During the communist era, there was little to no incentive for an industrial company to consider the company’s affect on the environment. Production quotas took precedence over environmental awareness or public health concerns. Polluting the clean air, water, and soil was acceptable as these commodities were given no economic value (University of Phoenix, 2010). In Russia, the consequences have been severe, affecting human health along with the destruction of Russia’s ecosystems. By the 1990s...
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...to air pollution. Children are at greater risk because they are generally more active outdoors and their lungs are still developing. Exposure to air pollution can cause both acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) health effects. Acute effects are usually immediate and often reversible when exposure to the pollutant ends. Some acute health effects include eye irritation, headaches, and nausea. Chronic effects are usually not immediate and tend not to be reversible when exposure to the pollutant ends. Some chronic health effects include decreased lung capacity and lung cancer resulting from long-term exposure to toxic air pollutants. The scientific techniques for assessing health impacts of air pollution include air pollutant monitoring, exposure assessment, dosimetry, toxicology, and epidemiology. [pic] Figure:Health Effects caused by Air Pollution Although in humans pollutants can affect the skin, eyes and other body systems, they affect primarily the respiratory system. Air is breathed in through the nose, which acts as the primary filtering system of the body. The small hairs and the warm, humid conditions in the nose effectively remove the larger pollutant particles. The air then passes through the pharynx, esophagus, and larynx before reaching the top of the trachea. The trachea divides into two parts, the left and the right bronchi. Each bronchi subdivides into increasingly smaller compartments. The smallest compartments of the bronchi are called bronchioles, which...
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...Pollution is any environmental agent that endangers the heath of organisms, and negatively impacts the activity and survival of humans. Point sources of pollution are focused, single, and identifiable, whereas nonpoint sources are diffuse and unidentifiable. Biodegradable pollutants are harmful agents that can be decomposed by natural processes, whereas nondegradable pollutants cannot degrade by natural processes. An example of a biodegradable pollutant is a stack of newspapers, and an example of a nondegradable pollutant is a heavy metal, such as lead. Pollution cleanup is when you dilute or clean up the pollution after it is generated, for example, converting a radioactive material called fly ash into bricks, while pollution prevention occurs when you decrease or completely eliminate the pollution, for example, changing incandescent lights to LED lights. Three problems with solutions that rely on pollution cleanup are that it’s only temporary until people decide to produce even more pollution, that it often produces another kind of pollution, and that when it gets to a level that becomes harmful, it is either costly or impossible to cut down the pollution to a harmless...
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