...PROPOSAL TITLE: Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS): Challenges for sustainable peace and security in West Africa? NAME: MICHELLE GOH YIN MEI STUDENT ID: 009937 DATE: May 7th, 2012 LECTURER: Howard Loewen INTRODUCTION This research will investigate and analyse how the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) functions as a peace keeping military security unit in the West African sub-region. It is also an analytical project relevant to the peacekeeping efforts and national security of the region that would identify challenges that ECOWAS may face, in keeping with their objectives. This research will also provide suggestions and explore ways to combat issues in order for ECOWAS to achieve their objectives. This research will be able to identify the cause and possible solutions to the political instability in the West African sub-region. REGIONS The issues of West African regions are important and pose fundamental findings that would that would tackle issues such as military intervention, governance, peace building, peacekeeping, and national security. Peacekeeping and security will intensify and promote economic benefits as well as development process in the West African region benefitting the region, the people and the overall prosperity of the nation. West Africa consists of 15 countries which are a part of ECOWAS...
Words: 3007 - Pages: 13
...BEIJING FOREIGN POLICY IN WEST AFRICA (Yang Jiechi Policy) Foreign Policy Article: Published by Kingsley C. Onyenankeya December 5, 2011 SUNY EMPIRE STATE Kingsley: Beijing Foreign policy in West Africa 1 Contents Executive Summary Concept and Assumptions Methods of Argumentation Theoretical and Policy Prescriptions Conclusion References Kingsley: Beijing Foreign policy in West Africa 2 Executive Summary China's increase involvement in West Africa over the past decade is one of the most significant recent developments in the region. It appears to redirect the idea of marginalization of West Africa and Africa as a continent, which brings significant political consequences. Beijing's West Africa interest is part of a recently...
Words: 6084 - Pages: 25
...Each diverse religion in existence, meant to enlighten its followers, brings a new perspective on how to live life, what to believe, and what morals to follow. Many pre-colonialist African societies, specifically Igbo and Bambara societies, could be defined by the impact of their traditional (meaning any religious belief indigenous to Africa before European arrival) religion on everyday life. Traditional beliefs in these societies were defined by polygyny and male dominance, in addition to sacrificing to divinities, fetish priests, and medicine men. Although Islam had roots in Africa before the beginning of colonialism, the introduction of the transatlantic slave trade and the start of Islam social movements began a new campaign toward religious reform in Africa. The novel Segu by Maryse Conde, shows how these Islamic movements brought both hope and fear into the lives of the men and women in the Bambara society. In particular, this new emphasis on Islam brought fear into the lives of many women; fear of leaving the traditions they had followed their whole lives. Whereas Segu focused on changes, The Concubine, by Elechi Amadi, took a more timeless approach, focusing solely on the traditional religion of the Igbo society and its effects. Although these novels are very different, each author effectively shows the significant social, emotional, and physical effects of religion particularly on the lives of women in both the Igbo and Bambara societies. The Concubine, provides...
Words: 1584 - Pages: 7
...Africa: Bharti Airtel Unfolds New Partnership Strategy to Boost Service Across Africa Moses Nosike And Emmanuel Elebeke 29 October 2010 [pic] Email| Print| Comment Share: |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | | Leading global telecommunications company, Bharti Airtel yesterday announced a new strategic partnership with IBM, Tech Mahindra and Spanco to drive world class customer service across 16 African countries where it operates. The partnership is also aimed at igniting a rapid growth in the nascent African Business Process (BPO) to deliver economic growth to many countries across the continent of Africa. Under the new agreement which is expected to be finalized soon, Bharti Airtel, which owns and currently operates the Zain brand in 16 countries across Africa, will outsource core customer service functions like call centres and back office to over 40 million of its subscribers as it prepares for significant growth in the region. Unfolding the agenda to the press in Lagos, the Chief Executive Officer (International) and joint managing Director, Bharti Airtel, Manoj Kohli said "Our partnership with IBM, Tech Mahindra and Spanco is aimed at redefining and providing a world class and seamless customer experience in all 16 countries we operate in Africa" He explained that the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) model partnership would enable Bharti Airtel customers to enjoy world class customer services with the partners introducing quality best practices...
Words: 426 - Pages: 2
...endeavor, and later naming the deputy as heir. According to primary sources, Musa was appointed deputy of the king before him. In his brief reign, he built Mali into one of the world’s largest empire and his fame spread throughout the Muslim and Europe. Musa made Mali twice the size of Ghana. During this time it was unknown for anyone to have such wealth in Africa. Mansa Musa was a proud Muslim and is best known for his famous hajj to Mecca in 1324. Through his hajj Mansa Musa passed many cities including Cairo, Egypt. Musa borrowed all the gold he could carry from money-lenders in Cairo, at high interest. This is the only time recorded in history that one man directly controlled the price of gold in the Mediterranean. Rise of Mansa Musa to emperor. Mansa Musa was a devout Muslim. Islam forerunner in Mali Empire that gave thought to expansion through wiliness to develop within the Mali Empire and search for new resources outside of Africa. Tremendous impact Mansa Musa had on the development of African civilization. Mansa Musa’s achievements and power compelled European recognition and respect of Africa. Mansa Musa famous hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 and the hajj planted Mali in men's minds and its riches fired up the imagination. Mansa Musa brought back with him an Arabic library, and religious scholars. Mansa Musa brought stability and an established government to Mali, spreading its fame abroad and making it truly African political organization...
Words: 434 - Pages: 2
...North Africa and was progressively embraced in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, we cannot say there was such a thing as a unique process of expansion of Islam because an African identity was inexistent. Indeed, the continent and especially our area of focus, consisting of North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa, was composed of different regions defined by their ethnicity and their ancestry. Furthermore, the physical separation created by the Sahara desert also played a major role into accentuating the disparities. We will explore here, how the introduction of Islam in both regions differed significantly and how in the secondary phase of “rooting” of the faith, this key difference in the first contacts the religion had in these two regions led to the establishment of two distinct Islams. Finally, we will demonstrate that when we look beyond the complexity of both processes, they ultimately share many similarities. The main difference in the process of arrival of Islam in North Africa and Sub-Saharan African is displayed by the rapidity of expansion. Whereas by 720, North Africa was controlled by the Muslims, the adoption of Islam below the Sahara appeared to be more slowly paced and gradual.There exists such a disparity because of the modes of introduction of Islam in both regions. While Islam was imposed in North Africa, we can say Islam arrived in Sub-Saharan in a more pacific manner and we can even suggest that its adoption was negotiated. In North Africa, the spreading...
Words: 3166 - Pages: 13
...“The Ebola Outbreak in Africa” My individual Work: Researched Disaster & Disaster Plans: Ebola Outbreak (Completed). By: Regina J. Patton Workplace continuity & Contingency Planning – 4 Instructor: Sheila Highland Everest University Online October 19th, 2014 (Author Notes) Kaye, David is a leading author, lecturer, examiner and workshop leader on Risk Management and business continuity subjects. Professor Kaye guides a diverse range of companies and public sector organizations on risk related issues around the world. He is an FCII, FBCI, MIRM, FRSA and chartered insurer. Julia Graham is a former Board member of the Business Continuity Institute, the Chartered Insurance Institute and Chair of the British Standards Committee responsible for developing the British Standard for Risk Management (BS31100). Julia is the current Chair of AIRMIC, the association of insurance and risk managers which represents the majority of FTSE 250 companies in the UK. She is an FBCI, FCII and Chartered Insurer. Rothstein, Philip J., is FBCI, Editor. “The Ebola Outbreak” The Ebola virus disease has become one most recent national disaster. The Ebola outbreak started in West Africa and they believe that it started with one person. According to the CDC, the 2014 outbreak is the largest in history. West Africa was the first documented appearance of the Abola virus disease, which has spread to a number of states here in the US. The latest was in Dallas Texas. It has been said...
Words: 467 - Pages: 2
...HOMEWORK #4 CHAPTER 10; AFRICA 1. How do the principal musical manifestations found in the sub-Saharan Africa reflect the collective community and encourage group participations? a. Most of the collective music manifestations found in sub-Saharan Africa represent the community, and encourage group participation using a method that is called call-and-response. If they aren’t using a call-and-response such music’s are usually to be found at events such as religious ceremonies, and/or most other ritual based activities. 2. How is polyrhythmic music created in sub-Saharan Africa? b. Many different things coming together at once create polyrhythmic music, to some it is a great sound of music, and to others it is not. In Africa many instruments are used to make a “polyrhythmic tune” such as: High pitched, and low pitched drums, rattles, bells, and most importantly the voices. It will continuously spin the same musical elements therefore; it creates a “rhythmic melody.” No musician plays the same thing; they each play separate pieces, which aren’t to hard. 3. What linguistic elements are required to make a drum “talk”? c. Language is a big part of the musical world in the Africa regions. When we think about what is called the “talking drums,” we are quick to try and piece things together. Talking drums are used in forms of honorary to the royalty, or even honoring the fallen. When doing these drummers replicate the “speech rhythm” of the words...
Words: 588 - Pages: 3
...Winfred91@gmail.com send the work to this mail. Samuel Asare Knutsford University Writing Skills Topic: High Rates of Literacy What is Illiteracy? The condition of being unable to read and write, and also the condition or quality of being ignorant or unknowledgeable in a particular subject or field. Causes. Parents with little schooling; Lack of books at home and lack of stimulation as to the importance of reading; Doing badly at or dropping out of school—many have not completed high school; Troublesome living conditions, including neediness; Learning incapacities, for example, dyslexia, and so on. Effects. Limited ability to obtain and understand essential information; Unemployment: The unemployment rate is 2–4 times higher among those with little schooling than among those with Bachelor’s degrees; Lower pay; Lower-quality occupations; Lessened access to deep rooted learning and expert advancement; Reduced access to lifelong learning and professional development; Low self-regard, which can prompt separation; Discussion. According to new data released by the UIS, literacy rates for adults and youth continue to rise. Young women aged 15-24 are making the strongest...
Words: 570 - Pages: 3
...State Department Alert: Potential Implications for travel because of Ebola in West Africa August 28, 2014 www.travel.state.gov/content/passports/English/alertswarnings/ebola-west-africa.html Over the years the human race has encountered hundreds of diseases that not only spread rapidly but wipe out entire clans. This year, 2014, we are in contact with Ebola (EVD). Ebola is an infectious and generally fatal disease marked by fever and severe internal bleeding, spread through contact with infected body fluids by a filovirus (Ebola virus) (google.com). The big alert (travel 3 level) is now in West Africa and anyone traveling are subject to extensive testing upon leaving. The outbreak is scattered and is continuing to stretch slowly across Africa. The alert is currently in Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. These country-states are not the only ones, so anyone pretty much traveling to Africa will be subject to screening. Evaluations may include movement restrictions up to twenty-one days in containment to make sure no virus is detected. At this point in time there are to be absolutely no exceptions as to who must get screened or withheld. Even the President of the United States may get withheld if he was to visit. The Department of States Bureau of Consular Affairs nor the United States Embassy have the authority over quarantine issues. As for the people in these country-states, it seems they are not even allowed to travel other cities amongst themselves. Not to...
Words: 418 - Pages: 2
...Under the great leadership of Sunjata, the Mali Empire was established and grew from a pigmy to a giant in Northern Africa. Similar to other empires, the Mali Empire expanded its territories during the reigns of its various rulers from the forest of south-west region to the Songhay capital of Gao on the east of the middle Niger bend. The empire also pushed its boarder lines to the area in the south including cities such as Bure and Bambuk. Eventually, the empire’s influence reached to the south from where important cities including Walata and Tadmekka were located. [1] With its immensely territorial expansion, the Mali Empire eclipsed the glory of the Ghana Empire and integrated with the Old World. [2] As Iliffe points out that the creation...
Words: 1212 - Pages: 5
...One of the most well-preserved African cultures is that of the Maasai tribe, who have held on to their traditional way of life despite the widespread westernization and globalization of Africa. The culture of the Maasai tribe has become a popular tourist attraction, and is a symbol of overall Kenyan culture. It is believed that the Maasai tribe began in Northern Africa, and migrated south over several centuries. Along the way they attacked their neighbors, and would steal their cattle. By the end of their southern migration, they had conquered a large portion of the Rift Valley. Many years later, disease struck, greatly reducing the size of the tribe, as well as the size of the tribe’s cattle. Today, they are located in Kenya and are a very...
Words: 819 - Pages: 4
...THE CONCUBINE by Elechi Amadi Elechi Amadi’s premier novel initiated me into the world of African Writers. I remember being so immersed in the story each time I picked up the book, I was oblivious to everything else. In simple language, Amadi narrates the story of Ihuoma, the beauty of Omigwe, whose character and conduct are beyond reproach in Omokachi and all the neighbouring villages. Her near-perfect qualities make her a role model to her peers and the ideal wife for most men who wish to take one. Yet her comeliness does not exempt her from the inevitable trials of life. Widowed too early in marriage for most women, she has to struggle against loneliness and the advances of men. Her equanimity in such trying moments makes the respect she commands soar even higher. But the price she pays to uphold her reputation seems to increase with passing time. As her prestige mounted its maintenance became more trying. She became more sensitive to criticism and would go to any lengths to avoid it. The women adored her. Men were awestruck before her. She was becoming something of a phenomenon. But she alone knew her internal struggles. She knew she was not better than anyone else. She thought her virtues were the products of chance. As the days went by she began to loathe her so-called good manners. She became less delighted when people praised her. It was as if they were confining her to an ever-narrowing prison. Amadi weaves a tale of beleaguered romance between Ihuoma and...
Words: 419 - Pages: 2
...Introduction The neglect, for a long time, of African contribution to modern diplomacy, by scholars and the failure to forcefully project the history and image of Africa, exposed the continent to uncharitable, disparaging and judgemental comments by Eurocentric historians who denied African history. However, the notion in certain quarters that Africans were not capable of engaging in any systematic and sophisticated art of diplomacy is to a large extent not true. (Adegbulu, 2011) Foreign Relations in Global Perspective. Diplomacy is the fundamental means by which foreign relations are conducted and a foreign policy implemented, far from being the invention of capitalism or of the modern nation state, is found in some of the most primitive communities and seems to have evolved independently by peoples in all parts of the world. The basic object of diplomacy is to enable men to live with their neighbours, a feat which requires a measure of accommodation to the interests of others. Above all, they are the questions of peace and war, and then such matters as the conclusion and observance of treatise, the making, maintenance and breaking of alliances, the establishment of boundaries, the development and protection of trade and the payment of tribute. The means by which these are pursued need to be adjusted to changing circumstances, but the employment of accredited agents (diplomatists) to represent and to negotiate on behalf of a state or society seems to be...
Words: 1897 - Pages: 8
...WrightBright Hub Education * Teaching Tools * ------------------------------------------------- Classroom Management * ------------------------------------------------- Education Industry * ------------------------------------------------- Student Assessment Tools * ------------------------------------------------- Teaching Methods * Preschool and Early Ed * ------------------------------------------------- Infant Development * ------------------------------------------------- Parenting Tips and Advice * ------------------------------------------------- Preschool Crafts and Activities * ------------------------------------------------- Preschool Lesson Plans and Theme * ------------------------------------------------- Preschool Teaching Strategies * ------------------------------------------------- Toddler Activities and Ideas * Elementary School * ------------------------------------------------- Grade School Activities * ------------------------------------------------- Lesson Plans for Pre-K and K * ------------------------------------------------- Lesson Plans: Grades 1 - 2 * ------------------------------------------------- Lesson Plans: Grades 3 - 5 * ------------------------------------------------- Parenting Grade Schoolers * ------------------------------------------------- Teaching Younger Students * Middle School * -------------------------------------------------...
Words: 2013 - Pages: 9
