...Mandela: What Made Non-Violence Work? Any suspicion of plagiarism will result in a non-submission of assignment. Failure to complete assignment by the start of the fall semester or suspicion of plagiarism will result in a 5% loss of class average for the first semester grade. Read the background essay to gain more knowledge about these men. Answers should be typed. Plagiarized responses will receive no credit. Document D Questions: 1. What non-violent tactic is being threatened by Gandhi to protest the salt tax? 2. What is civil disobedience? 3. Provide an example of civil disobedience. 4. Inference: Why did Gandhi write the letter to Lord Irwin, telling him in advance what he intended to do? 5. What are the risks of civil disobedience to society? Document E Questions: 1. What is a lunch counter sit-in? 2. Is a lunch counter sit-in an example of civil disobedience? Why? 3. Explain the difference between a strike and a boycott? 4. How does King justify breaking the law at his trial? Examine the Picture 5. What can you tell me about the sit-in and the times from Blackwell’s photo? Explain. a. b. c. Document F Questions: 1. Does the document provide evidence that Mandela supported civil disobedience? Explain. 2. Did Mandela believe that acts of civil disobedience must be non-violent? 3. Under what circumstances might have Mandela supported violence? 4. Think:...
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... King and Mandela: What Made Non-Violence Work? Any suspicion of plagiarism will result in a non-submission of assignment. Failure to complete assignment by the start of the fall semester or suspicion of plagiarism will result in a 5% loss of class average for the first semester grade. Read the background essay to gain more knowledge about these men. Answers should be typed. Plagiarized responses will receive no credit. Document D Questions: 1. What non-violent tactic is being threatened by Gandhi to protest the salt tax? 2. What is civil disobedience? 3. Provide an example of civil disobedience. 4. Inference: Why did Gandhi write the letter to Lord Irwin, telling him in advance what he intended to do? 5. What are the risks of civil disobedience to society? Document E Questions: 1. What is a lunch counter sit-in? 2. Is a lunch counter sit-in an example of civil disobedience? Why? 3. Explain the difference between a strike and a boycott? 4. How does King justify breaking the law at his trial? Examine the Picture 5. What can you tell me about the sit-in and the times from Blackwell’s photo? Explain. a. b. c. Document F Questions: 1. Does the document provide evidence that Mandela supported civil disobedience? Explain. 2. Did Mandela believe that acts of civil disobedience must be non-violent? 3. Under what circumstances might have Mandela supported violence? 4. Think: What does Mandela mean when...
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...Leaders for social and political change Michelle Clark WGU Themes in U.S. and World History GKE August 1, 2013 Leaders for social and political change Over the course of history, there have been many battle stories, both political and social of how nations have become what we know today. Among these stories are those of social injustices, hatred, and racism, as well as personal and political struggles. From the many injustices our predecessors have overcome, leaders have emerged. Individuals who will forever be revered by millions and will hopefully continue to inspire our youth. Nelson Mandela and Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. are two leaders that have greatly impacted not only their country, but the world. Both of these leaders had a significant impact on the people of their cause, both in a political aspect as well as for social change. In 1948, The White Nationalist Party empowered South Africa, instituting apartheid in an attempt to ensure white domination, control over the economy and its social systems. There were three racial categories for South Africa; Whites, Colored (mostly Indians or Asians, or multiracial), and Blacks (African decent). Non-white people were impoverished, humiliated, and oppressed. Black people were required to live in rural areas and carry a passbook containing their fingerprints, photo and information on access to non-black areas. If they were caught without a passbook, severe penalties ensued. On March 21, 1960, a group marched...
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...standing ovation, quoting words delivered in a speech whose 50th anniversary comes next week. Mandela and Martin Luther King Jr. never met but they fought for the same cause at the same time on two continents. Mandela said he was prepared to die to see his dream of a society where blacks and whites were equal become reality. King was assassinated in 1968 while working for that same dream. Mandela spent 27 years in prison during white racist rule in South Africa. Released in 1990, he went on to become president and shared the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize with the white South African president, F.W. de Klerk. King won his Nobel Peace Prize nearly 30 years earlier. Mandela traveled to the United States after he was released and he spoke at Yankee Stadium, telling the crowd that an unbreakable umbilical cord connected black South Africans and black Americans. There was a kinship between the two, Mandela wrote in his autobiography, inspired by such great Americans as W.E.B. Du Bois and King. King, for his part, was unable to visit South Africa. In 1966 he applied for a visa after accepting invitations to speak to university students and to religious groups but the apartheid government refused to give him one. In December 1965, King delivered a speech in New York in which he denounced the white rulers of South Africa as "spectacular savages and...
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...as director and producer, Closing the Ring, a love story set in Belfast during the Second World War and starring Shirley MacLaine, Christopher Plummer and Pete Postlethwaite. According to some of the films he produced, we came to the conclusion that he was probably interested in developing films which correspond to a certain time in history and in most of them, war was one of the main themes. Besides that, we can say that in most of his films there were some kind of lessons or morals in order to make people see things in another perspective. 2. Gandhi was born in India on October 2nd, 1869. He left his country at a young age to attend school. Once he got his degree in London, he moved to South Africa to practice law there. In 1893, Gandhi was traveling to South Africa when a white...
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...Lessons 17 g. Magnanimity Inspires 17 h. Education is Key 18 i. Quitting is leading 19 5. Conclusion 20 6. References 22 Nelson Mandela: Pacifist, Revolutionary, Prisoner, and President. (Nelson Mandela: Anti-Apartheid warrior, n.d.) Introduction Nelson Mandela (Mandela) is a figurehead for the equality of people not only in South Africa, but also around the globe. Mandela has played many important roles throughout his life and although initially leading by being a pacifist, he has changed roles over time to lead as a revolutionary, a prisoner and a president. Many prominent leaders throughout time have established routes in time by effectively changing perceptions and Mandela is one of these leaders. This paper examines the journey in which Mandela embarked and will identify Mandela’s leadership qualities and styles throughout his journey to becoming President of South Africa. Although Mandela exhibits many different leadership qualities, one can make a statement that Mandela is a transformative leader, in that he exhibits various characteristics of six distinct leadership perspectives. Mandela can be seen as any particular type of these six leadership perspectives, but this paper will analyze the extent of these leadership qualities and...
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...CRITICAL SURVEY OF CONTEMPORARY SOUTH AFRICAN POETRY A CRITICAL SURVEY OF CONTEMPORARY SOUTH AFRICAN POETRY: THE LANGUAGE OF CONFLICT AND COMMITMENT By Laura Holland, B.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts McMaster University September 1987 MASTER OF Arts (1987) (English) McMASTER UNIVERSITY Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: A Critical Survey of Contemporary South African Poetry: The Language of Conflict and Commitment AUTHOR: Laura Linda Holland, B.A. (University of Alberta) SUPERVISOR: Dr. Alan Bishop NUMBER OF PAGES: v, 134 ii ABSTRACT The thes is concentrates on South African poetry from 1960 to the present. It closely examines a selection of poems by Breyten Breytenbach, Dennis Brutus, Pascal Gwala, Wopko Jensma, Oswald Mtshali, Arthur Nortje, Cosmo Pieterse, Sipho Sepamla, and Wally Serote, among others. The body of the thesis discusses these poets' contributions to poetry about prison, exile, and township life. The thesis focuses on the struggle between various polical, racial, and cultural groups for hegemony over South Africa's poetic development. Such issues as language, ideology, and censorship are explored insofar as they in! .luence t:ne content and structure of the poetry. This body of poems, sadly, is little studied in North America. The thesis presents an introduction to and a survey of the major tendencies in South African poetry and, in part, ...
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...Mitigating Prison Violence Cynthia Evans CJ522: Comparative Correctional Systems June 17, 2014 Mitigating Prison Violence Violence in prison systems remains to be a persistent problem among enforcers and inmates alike. Not only does it compromise inmate safety and institutional security, it distorts the purpose of prison systems as penitentiary systems meant to discourage criminal behavior. Adding to this complication, the problem is present in nearly all prison systems worldwide, with some systems more prone to it than others. In America, homicide inside jails and state prisons has remained relatively low in recent years at 3 per 100,000 on average (Mumola, 2005). The same cannot be said for Brazilian prisons, however; in 2013 alone, around 60 inmates were killed in Brazilian prisons, and three others died through decapitation and heavy mutilation at the beginning of the year (Cawley, 2014). Violence in prison systems is by no means limited to physical violence or individual assaults. In the first place, “violence in prison” is a broad category, which involves a range of situations and actions from certain parties, with violence as their common factor. It may involve riots, mutinies, and individual assaults. It may also, in fact, be taken to mean any form of violence—usually physical and/or sexual—done by inmates to fellow inmates, or prison staff to inmates. For example, while physical violence is an all-time low in American prisons, sexual violence is on the rise there...
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...Perseverance and Integrity in the Face of Trials and Tribulations: Nelson Mandela’s Role in the Realization of Racial Equality and Freedom in South Africa Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………..2 Chaos and Dissension in South Africa…………………………………………...3 Mandela – The Charismatic Leader……………………………………………….5 Iconic Image of Integrity and Perseverance………...…………………….………6 Uniting the African National Congress……………..………………………....….9 Mandela Takes Reconciliatory Action…………….………………………….….11 Mandela’s Unique Advantage ……………………..……………………….……13 Conclusion……………………………….…………..……………………………15 Bibliography……………………………….…………..………………………….16 Introduction The iconic figure of Nelson Mandela stands today as a perpetual symbol of perseverance in the long battle to dismantle apartheid. It was a battle for which he was “prepared to die for,” a struggle against not only white domination but also black domination.[1] However, as the apartheid era drew to a close, Mandela’s crusade for a democratic “rainbow nation”[2] looked despairingly unattainable as South Africa came perilously close to descending into utter chaos. Nevertheless, Mandela, long time anti-apartheid activist and leader in the African National Congress (ANC), continued the struggle for his dream of a multicultural nation. Some have expressed the opinion that though the African National Congress was without a doubt instrumental...
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...Leadership 12 2.2.8 Task-Oriented Leadership 12 2.2.9 Transactional Leadership 12 2.2.10 Transformational Leadership 13 2.3 Using the Right Style Situational Leadership 13 2.4 Three Classic Leadership Styles 14 2.4.1 The Laissez Faire Leadership Style 14 2.4.2 The Autocratic Leadership Style 14 2.4.3 The Participative Leadership Style 14 CHAPTER III 15 FINDING AND RESULT 15 2.1 Political Activity 15 3.1.1 Armed anti-apartheid activities 16 3.1.2 Arrest and Rivonia trial 17 3.1.3 Imprisonment 19 3.1.4 Release 21 3.1.5 Negotiations 22 3.1.6 Presidency of South Africa 23 3.1.7 Lockerbie trial 26 CHAPTER IV 28 CONCLUSION 28 BIBLIOGRAPHY 32 CHAPTER I FIGURE PROFILE Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (Xhosa pronunciation: [xoˈliːɬaɬa manˈdeːla]; born 18 July 1918) is a South African politician who served as president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, the first ever to be elected in a fully representative democratic election. Before being elected president, Mandela was a militant anti-apartheid activist, and the leader and co-founder of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). In 1962 he was arrested and convicted of sabotage and other charges,...
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...TASK 1 * Name * Rolihlahla “Nelson” Mandela * Years Lived * 1918-2013 * Birthplace * Mvezo, South Africa * Early life * Nelson Mandela was born in a small South African village on July 18th, 1918. He was named “Nelson” by one of his teachers. He was the youngest son and had the opportunity to go to school. * Contributions to society * Mandela is best known for his fight against white oppression in South Africa. He first showed his dedication to the cause in the 1940’s when he became increasingly involved in the National African Congress Party. It was a group varying races united with the aim of bringing political change and racial equality in South Africa, with a no-violence policy. Mandela, a senior member, left the country to receive military training and find funding for the party, such was his fierce determination to achieve equality in South Africa. Mandela taught what activism really meant, he ended the apartheid, he was the first black and democratically elected president of South Africa, and he stayed determined, even after 27 years of incarceration. * Quotes * “No one is born hating another person because of [their] skin, or [their] background, or [their] religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite” * “ Do not judge me by my successes, judge me by how many times I fell and got back...
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...progressing as nations and a global community. Just over two decades ago, the social situation in South Africa known as Apartheid was one of the greatest social tyrannies in history. It saw the entire division of a nation long after racial segregation had been abolished in developed countries such as the United States. However, like all things that cause stagnation, an end has to come and in the 1990s the apartheid system saw its last days thanks to the efforts of a number of people and groups. Contrary to popular belief, Nelson Mandela was not the most important influence in bringing an end to Apartheid. Mandela’s work though vital, would have been meaningless without the influences of F.W. de Klerk, the fall of communism, and the African National Congress (ANC). Firstly, Nelson Mandela is then only name associated with the apartheid regime and its end. We often overlook the works of unsung heroes such as F.W. de Klerk, without whom apartheid would not have ended. De Klerk was vital in officially ending apartheid, reinstating the ANC’s role and releasing Nelson Mandela from prison, which collaboratively brought an end to this societal injustice. In 1989 as a result of the illness of President P.W. Botha, F.W. de Klerk assumed office and became leader of the national party. Immediately upon assuming office, De Klerk focused on the apartheid regime and integrating all people into South African society. On February 2nd, 1990, just six months...
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...Transcendentalism, and his famous work, Civil Disobedience has great effect on Mahatma Gandhi’s ideology and movement which drives the India for independence. Outline 1. Introduction 1. Brief introduction of Henry David Thoreau 2. Brief introduction of Mahatma Gandhi 2. Writing background and cores of Civil Disobedience 2.1 Writing background 2.2 Cores of Civil Disobedience 2.2.1 Conscience of human 2.2.2 Effect of morality 2.2.3 Suspicion of American’s democracy 2.3.4 In-cooperation with government 3. Embodiment on Mahatma Gandhi 3.1 Effect on Gandhi’s ideology 3.1.1 Works of Gandhi 3.1.2 Speeches of Gandhi 3.2 Effect on Gandhi’s movement 3.2.1 Gandhi in South Africa 3.2.2 Gandhi in India 4. Conclusion 1. Introduction 1.1 Brief introduction of Henry David Thoreau Henry David Thoreau was one of the most famous writers, naturalist, philosophers, abolitionists, and the pioneers of Transcendentalism in America in 19 century. He was born in Concord, Massachusetts, 1817. Thoreau met Ralph Waldo Emerson when he studied in university. And he was deeply influenced by Emerson who advocated that man should be true to himself and close to nature. Emerson was not only a friend but also a teacher to Thoreau. They had edited the journal Sundial together. Thoreau graduated from Harvard College in 1837 and worked as a teacher. He spent most of his time in observing nature, reading and writing...
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...communication policy 1.1.1 Emerging communications industry policy 1.1.2 Public service media policy 1.1.3 New communications policy 1.2 Freedom of the media 1.2.1 The need for freedom of speech 1.2.2 Threats to it 1.2.3 If, how and why such threats can or cannot be motivate 2 MEDIA MANAGEMENT AND MEDIA MARKETS 2.1 Media concentration 2.1.1 The relationship of competition to concentration 2.1.2 The dual nature of the media industry 2.1.3 The four forms of concentration 2.1.4 The dangers of concentration 2.1.5 Positive externalities of the media 3 REPRESENTATION AND THE MEDIA 3.1 Media representation of race 3.1.1 Discussion 3.1.2 Brief explanation of the meaning whiteness 3.2 Media representation of violence 3.2.1 An introductory thesis (argument) 3.2.2 Define and explain representation, violence and moral panics 3.2.3 an overview of different theories 3.2.4 Discussion of the processes 3.2.5 A concluding argument 3.3 Media representation of HIV and Aids 3.3.1 Introduction to discussion 3.3.2 Illustration of discussion 3.3.3 Impact of the article 3.3.4 Media attention 3.3.5 Placing and timing of article 4 ADDENDUM A: SELF ASSESSMENT AND SELF REFLECTION SOURCES CONSULTED ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 6 9...
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... ___Racism in Post-Apartheid in___ _________South Africa________ VAN EN VOORLETTERS SURNAME & INITIALS :__________Murray R_________ STUD NR/ STUD NO :__________ MODULE KODE/ MODULE CODE :__________SOC 120_________ DOSENT/LECTURER :______Ms Vangile Bingma______ INHANDIGINGSDATUM DATE OF SUBMISSION :______16 September 2013_____ Table of Contents Introduction 2 Question 1 2 Question 2 4 Question 3 5 Conclusion 6 Bibliography 7 Plagiarism Declaration 8 Introduction Post-apartheid South Africa was intended to bring together people of all races and ethnicities; however, black South African citizens are discriminating against and showing prejudice towards African migrants. Research has shown that the main causes of xenophobic attitudes are a result of politics of access and the struggle for political and socio-economic resources (Adjai & Lazaridis 2013:192). Question 1 Old racism is discrimination based on race which is a group that is different biologically to one’s own group. New racism is discrimination based on someone else’s national origin or ethnicity (Adjai & Lazaridis 2013:192). Old racism is exclusion based on biological features whereas new racism is exclusion based on cultural and national features. New racism claims to be moving away from prejudice views and judgements but as simple pointing out the differences between...
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