...malaya faculty of business and accountancy CBEB 2102 financial management Group Member: Isabelle Chong Sim Yi – CEB 110017 Li Ying – CEB 110716 Yap Hong Zhen – CEB 110084 GROUP REPORT 1 GROUP REPORT 1 Table of Contents Question No. | Details | Pages | 1 | Describe the roles and functions of financial markets in Malaysia. | 1 | 2 | Identify four (4) relevant regulators in Malaysia. | 1 | 3 | Choose two (2) regulators identified in (2) above and justify your selection i.e. explain the reasons for your choice. | 2 | 4 | Explain the roles and activities of the two regulators that you have chosen. | 2 | 5 | Give examples of actual enforcement actions that have been taken by the regulators chosen in (3) above. | 3 | 6 | References | 4 | 1) Describe the roles and functions of financial markets in Malaysia. Financial markets are forums in which suppliers of funds and demanders of funds can transact business directly. There are two operations of financial markets, which are primary market and secondary market. Primary market is financial market in which securities are initially issued; the only market in which the issuer is directly involved in the transaction. The function of the primary markets is to facilitate the efficient allocation of funds. Secondary market is financial market in which pre-owned securities (those that are not new issuer) are traded. There are also two key of financial markets: a)...
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...finance Epoka University Table of contents Chapter 1 4 Financial system, meaning and its constituent’s elements 4 Chapter 2 5 Financial bank institutions. Meaning and their functions 5 Chapter 3 6 Banking System 6 Non bank financial institutions. Meaning and their functions 6 Chapter 4 9 The role of government in the credit market 9 The role of other financial credit institutions credit in financing the economy in Albania 9 The role of banks in lending activity in the country 10 Conclusions 11 Abreviations 11 Entry Progression and technological innovations are continuously effecting in a sensible way in every field of life, but especially and faster those has been felt in the Bank System. In now days, we are not only in front of a fast liberalization, globalization, but also in expanding financial market, updated always with new bank’s products. Albania is integrating everyday its self with this progress, despite national and international challenges that it faces time by time. Credit process has a main and important role in the economic progress, of financial system in our country. It is named like the locomotive that draws the most of economy growth. Since our agents are operating in a very flexible background, business world is more and more combined and conditioned by banks and financial institutions. Bank institutions are raising economy efficiency, through channeling of funds, by so contributing in the economic welfare of every individual, so they...
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...Commercial bank: Commercial bank mostly deals with deposits and loans from corporations or large businesses. Famous Commercial Banks of Pakistan are Muslim Commercial Bank(MCB),United Bank,Habib Bank. Functions of Commercial Banks: The functions of a commercial banks are divided into two categories: - Primary functions - Secondary functions including agency functions. - Primary functions: The primary functions of a commercial bank include: - accepting deposits; and - granting loans and advances The role of commercial banks Commercial banks engage in the following activities: * processing of payments by way of telegraphic transfer, EFTPOS, internet banking, or other means * issuing bank drafts and bank cheques * accepting money on term deposit * lending money by overdraft, installment loan, or other means * providing documentary and standby letter of credit, guarantees, performance bonds, securities underwriting commitments and other forms of off balance sheet exposures * safekeeping of documents and other items in safe deposit boxes * sale, distribution or brokerage, with or without advice, of insurance, unit trusts and similar financial products as a “financial supermarket” * cash management and treasury services * merchant banking and private equity financing * traditionally, large commercial banks also underwrite bonds, and make markets in currency, interest rates, and credit-related securities, but today...
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...1. Define Finance. Discuss the principles of Finance. According to L J Gitman, “Finance is the art and science of managing money.” Finance is concerned with the process, institutions, markets and instruments involved in the transfer of money among and between individuals, business and governments. Finance deals with-Financing, investment and dividend. Principles of Finance * Principles of risk and return: It says, “No risk, No gain” * Principles of time value of money: while making any investment decision, time value of money should be considered. * Principles of Liquidity and Profitability: Need balance of liquid money. * Principles of Perfection: Current assets, fixed assets should be collected with careful consideration. * Principles of Business Cycle: Business depends on various economic conditions (Boom-Recession-Depression-Recovery-Boom.) * Principles of Diversification: Do not put all eggs in one basket. 2. The ultimate goal of a business is to maximize wealth, not profit maximization-Explain. Shareholder’s Wealth Maximization means maximizing the price of the firm’s common stock. It means to increase the net present value of a firm. Shareholders' wealth is maximized when a decision generates net present value. The net present value is the difference between present value of the benefits of a project and present value of its costs. A decision that has a positive net present value creates wealth for shareholders and a decision that has a negative...
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...Reserve Bank of India RESERVE BANK OF INDIA www.rbi.org.in ž¸¸£·¸ú¡¸ ¹£ö¸¨¸Ä ¤Îˆ RBI Central Office Building, Mumbai RESERVE BANK OF INDIA www.rbi.org.in ž¸¸£·¸ú¡¸ ¹£ö¸¨¸Ä ¤Îˆ 2 Contents Overview: Who We Are � Celebrating Our Platinum Jubilee � The Reserve Bank: Tradition and Change � Celebrating 75 years: Highlights Organisation and Structure: How We Operate � Management and Structure Main Activities: What We Do � Monetary Authority � Issuer of Currency � Banker and Debt Manager to Government � Banker to Banks � Regulator of the Banking System � Manager of Foreign Exchange � Regulator and Supervisor of the Payment and Settlement Systems � Developmental Role Research, Data and Knowledge Sharing: How We Communicate � Communicating with the Public � RBI Publications Addressing Current and Future Challenges Customer Service: How Can We Help You? 3 4 5 6 8 9 11 12 15 18 20 22 24 26 28 31 32 33 34 36 Overview: Who We Are The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the nation’s central bank Since 1935, when we began operations, we have stood at the centre of India’s financial system, with a fundamental commitment to maintaining the nation’s monetary and financial stability. 3 From ensuring stability of interest and exchange rates to providing liquidity and an adequate supply of currency and credit for the real sector; from ensuring bank penetration and safety of depositors’ funds to promoting and developing financial institutions and markets, the...
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...dollars and hundred of millions of people. It is important to understand the function of money, the structure of the Fed Reserve and purpose, how the central bank controls the money supply and lastly what current monetary policy has the Fed enacted to boost up the economy. The Purpose and Function of Money Money is an economic resource. It is a mean to obtain value to be utilized for different purposes in ways other than the manner earned or realized. Money and its function simplify the production and use of wealth. It is defined as anything that is “widely accepted as a medium of exchange” (McConnell, Brue, & Flynn, 2009). Some of its functions are as follows: * Unit of account – monetary units are used as yardsticks to measure the comparative value of an array of goods and services, and resources. * Store of value/wealth – enables people to purchase goods and services in the present or future. * Medium of exchange – it is usable for buying and selling of goods and services. Money allows society to escape the complication of barter. As for the medium of exchange or currency in the United States and perhaps the most recognizable medium in the world is the United States dollar. The two components or measurements of the money supply in the United States are M1 and M2. The first consists of currency (paper money and coins) in public circulation, as well as all deposits in banks (commercial) or saving institutions which permit checks of any denomination...
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...BUSI 604 Discussion Board 4: European Central Bank Michael Hipsman Liberty University EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK AND WHY I’M INTERESTED IN IT I picked this Key Term due to relevance of the Euro and the European Central Bank in my previous work and current work experiences. I was previously employed with the Federal Reserve Bank, which is the main decision maker for all U.S. currency, and monetary policies. In my current position, the company I work for is headquarter overseas, and has offices located in countries that are members of the European Central Bank. I think researching the European Central Bank, will be very useful to have a more thorough understanding of currency and business practices in within the European Union. In addition, gaining the knowledge of what requirements are needed to join the European Central Bank, and the monetary policies these countries must abide by in order to maintain membership will be insightful towards my GBCA paper, since my country is member of the European Central Bank and European Union. EXPLANATION OF EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK The European Central Bank is the central bank for nineteen European Union members. The central bank is responsible for all monetary policies within the European Union, and sets interest rates across the nineteen participating members. Any nation that chooses to join the European Union much adopt the Euro as their currency except for the member states which have been exempted under the Maastricht Treaty (Great Britain...
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...Role of Banks for developing the Economy of Bangladesh Role of Banks for developing the Economy of Bangladesh Introduction Banks over the years, have become a significant aspect of an economy. With the on going financial depression, the position of banks have become all the more important in the course of working of the money market and hence the economy of a nation. The banking sector forming a portion of the financial sector primarily works as a financial intermediary generating money supply. From the different macro economic models , banks have been found to be a part of the supply side of the economy . However, over time banks have transformed from merely money generating organizations to a multi tasking entity. In this paper, we shall deal with the role of banks in the context of the world economy as well as the Bangladesh economy . The first section will illustrate the functions of a bank along with its classification. In the second section, we shall discuss the role of a banks as a major component of the service sector rendering to the economy as a whole. In the third section, we would like to empirically validate our hypothesis with a comprehensive data analysis. The recession in the US market and the global meltdown termed as Global recession have engulfed complete world economy with a varying degree of recessional impact. World over the impact has diversified and its impact can be observed from the very fact of falling Stock market, recession in jobs availability...
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...pp. 55-65 (1417 A.H / 1997 A.D) Hamid Zangeneh and Ahmad Salam Central Banking in an Interest Free Banking System J.KAU: Islamic Economics, Vol. 5 (1993), pp. 25-35 Comments: RODNEY WILSON Professor of Economics Department of Economics University of Durham U.K. The article by Hamid Zangeneh and Ahmad Salam is a welcome departure in the Islamic finance literature, as relatively little has been written about the role of central banks in an Islamic financial system. The authors review the major functions of central banks, and then discuss how monetary tools need to be adapted in an Islamic economy, these including discount rates, open market operations, reserve ratios, refinancing ratios, credit controls, moral persuasion, profit sharing ratios and exchange rates. The authors cite an earlier paper by Mohammad Nejatullah Siddiqi who has probably given more consideration to the issues than anyone else. (1) One of Siddiqi's main concerns is the central bank's role as lender of the last resort, as it is ultimately responsible for safeguarding the interests of depositors, whether the system is conventional or Islamic, although arguably in an Islamic economy it is not so much a matter of consumer rights, but rather of moral responsibility to Muslim depositors who have entrusted their savings to an Islamic bank in good faith. Although the authors quote Mohammad Uzair when discussing the tools of central banking, (2) Sidjqi has looked at these matters more recently, at least...
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...Research Paper No. 2006/54 Central Banks as Agents of Economic Development Gerald Epstein* May 2006 Abstract In the last two decades, there has been a global sea change in the theory and practice of central banking. The currently dominant ‘best practice’ approach to central banking consists of the following: (1) central bank independence (2) a focus on inflation fighting (including adopting formal ‘inflation targeting’) and (3) the use of indirect methods of monetary policy (that is, short-term interest rates as opposed to direct methods such as credit ceilings). This paper argues that this neo-liberal approach to central banking is highly idiosyncratic in that, as a package, it is dramatically different from the historically dominant theory and practice of central banking, not only in the developing world, but, notably, in the now developed countries themselves. Throughout the early and recent history of central banking in the US, England, Europe, and elsewhere, financing governments, managing exchange rates, and supporting economic sectors by using ‘direct methods’ of intervention have been among the most important tasks of central banking and, indeed, in many cases, were among the reasons for their existence. The neo-liberal central bank policy package, then, is drastically out of step with the history and dominant practice of central banking throughout most of its history. Keywords: financing, institutions, central banks, history, development JEL classification: E5, N2, O2 ...
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...Introduction 1 I. Structure of State Bank in Vietnam 2 1. History of State bank in Vietnam 2 2. Structure of State Bank in Vietnam 3 II. Operation of State Bank in Vietnam: 9 1. Monetary tools that State Bank use to moderate the Economics: 9 1.1. Open-market operation: 9 1.2. Discount, rediscount tool: 10 1.3. Required reserve: 11 1.4. Frame of interest rate 12 1.5. Selective credit control: 13 1.6. Imposing credit limit: 13 1.7. Supply fiat money: 13 2. How State Bank in Vietnam applied these tools in its activities ? 14 2.1. 2008 Monetary policies 14 2.2. Monetary policies in 2009 15 2.3. 2010 monetary policies 16 3. Comparison between State Bank of Vietnam and Federal Reserve (FED) 17 Conclusion 21 Reference 22 Introduction The State Bank of Vietnam is the central bank in Vietnam, which is a state agency management of currency in Vietnam. This is the agency responsible for issuing currency, managing monetary policy and advise the relevant currency for the government such as issuing currency, exchange rate policy, interest rate policy, management of foreign exchange reserves, the draft bill on banking and credit institutions, to consider the establishment of banks and credit institutions, management of state-owned commercial banks. Established in 1951 under the name National Bank and renamed in 1960, the State Bank of Vietnam has gradually grown and developed, contributing important role in building and strengthening, perfecting...
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...-- what is it all about? To quote Charles Dickens "Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure nineteen six, result happiness. Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure twenty pound ought and six, result misery." Purpose and Function of Money Money is a generally accepted method of payment for goods and services including repayment of debts. The functions of money include a medium of exchange, which is an alternative means used in trade to avoid the inconveniences of the barter system. Money also functions as a unit of account, which is a standard monetary unit of measurement of value and cost of goods, services, or assets. As one of three well-known functions of money, it provides meaning to profits, losses, liability, or assets. Another function of money is as a store of value, which means it can be saved and used at a later time, and be predictably useful when used. Any kind of object or secure verifiable record that fulfills these functions can serve as money Central Bank Management of the Monetary System The central bank plays an important role in keeping the nations economy running smoothly. The bank provides management of the supply of money and credit and with currency and payment services like electronic funds transfers and check clearing. The central bank also serves as the “banker” for the United States federal government by providing financial services to the United States Department of Treasury. In addition to these roles the Central bank...
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...of its citizens. It is generally recognized that financial system plays a catalytic role in the process of economic development. The financial system of any nation is a function of the size of its economy. A growing economy places more responsibilities on the financial sector to mobilize the needed capital to facilitate production, generate employment and income. An economy that does not experience growth on sustained basis is likely to have a very passive financial sector as there are no incentives for investment. Through the process of growth, financial system offers a wide range of portfolio options for savers and issuable instruments for investors, a function often referred to as financial intermediation (Oke, 2000). The Nigerian financial system comprises of various institutions, markets and operations that are in the business of providing financial services. These institutions can be broadly categorized into money and capital markets. While money market is a market in which short term financial instruments are traded, the capital market on the other hand deals with long term transactions. The major players in the money market are the banks and discount houses. The intermediation role of banks ensures the mobilization of idle funds from the surplus units to the deficit sector. Since independence, the financial sector has been on the increase. Today, Nigeria has about twenty strong banks and a well-functioning stock market. Other financial institutions like insurance companies...
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...Chinese banks were subject to the requirements of their government’s central intended economic policy. Since 1978, the Chinese government has focused on creating a banking system with different types of institutions and agencies that function in diverse markets with clearly stipulated functions. One of the main objectives of the Chinese banking reforms has been to give incentives to the financial institutions to become more aggressive, commercial entities. Such strategy has limited the competition between such institutions and only affects the agencies that perform similar tasks. However, banks in China have not been allowed complete autonomy, and are expected to comply with government directives that who often place strategies to be used by banks to improve their profitability and their solvency. Different classes of banks are currently operating in China, with different structures and serving different functions. First, the wholly state owned banks. Second, “equitized” commercial banks or banks that were wholly state-owned and were turned into join stock firms in which the government is the major stockholder. Third, includes a mixture of local banks, with municipal governments as principal stockholders. Forth, join-stock commercial banks that were founded after the beginning of the China’s banking reforms and with relatively low levels of government ownership. The Chinese banking industry was entirely dominated by wholly state-owned banks, some of those banks are: the...
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...The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the nation’s central bank fundamental commitment to maintaining the nation’s monetary and financial stability. From ensuring stability of interest and exchange rates to providing liquidity and an adequate supply of currency and credit for the real sector; from ensuring bank penetration and safety of depositors’ funds to promoting and developing financial institutions and markets, and maintaining the stability of the financial system through continued macro-financial surveillance, the Reserve Bank plays a crucial role in the economy. Our decisions touch the RBI at a Glance Managed by Central Board of Directors India’s monetary authority Supervisor of financial system Issuer of currency Manager of foreign exchange reserves Banker and debt manager to government Supervisor of payment system Banker to banks Maintaining financial stability Developmental functions Research, data and knowledge Sharing Central Board of Directors by the Numbers Official Directors 1 Governor 4 Deputy Governors, at a maximum Non-Official Directors 4 directors—nominated by the Central Government to represent each local board 10 directors nominated by the Central Government with expertise in various segments of the economy 1 representative of the Central Government 6 meetings—at a minimum—each year 1 meeting—at a minimum—each quarter Monetary Authority Issuer of Currency Banker and Debt Manager to Government Banker to...
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