...and compare single and double displacement reactions. Hypothesis: If a metal element is mixed with an ionic compound, one metal will displace the other to create a new ionic compound. If 2 ionic compounds are mixed together, then the metals will displace each other, creating 2 new ionic compounds. Materials: Goggles, large well plate, steel wool, scoopula, 4 small beakers, dropper, 4 pieces of magnesium ribbon, 4 pieces of zinc metal, 4 pieces of copper wire, copper (II) sulfate solution, zinc nitrate solution, magnesium nitrate solution, sodium carbonate solution and hydrochloric acid. Procedure: Part A: Single Displacement Reactions 1. Clean 4 pieces of magnesium ribbon, zinc metal and copper wire with steel wool until they are shiny. 2. Half-fill one column (three wells) of the well plate with the copper (II) sulfate solution. 3. Half-fill a second column (three wells) with the zinc nitrate solution. 4. Half-fill a third column (three wells) with the hydrochloric acid. 5. In each column, place 1 piece of each metal in different wells (Magnesium in one well, zinc in another and copper in the last). Use a toothpick to keep the metals submerged in the solution. 6. Observe the different reactions in each well. Record your observations in a table. 7. Save the contents of the wells for Part B. Part B: Double Displacement Reactions 1. Add 3 drops of the sodium carbonate solution to each of the wells from Part A. 2. Record your observations in...
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...Visit us at www.pro-base.eu - 1 - HOMEMADE BATTERIES Making and evaluating homemade batteries Author Ken Gadd, 4science, Stratford sub Castle, SP1 3YP, UK; ken@4science.org.uk Languages available English, Slovenian Summary Batteries power most of the portable electrical and electronic devices we use. Different types are available, suited for different uses. Batteries convert chemical energy into electrical energy. You can make a battery from a lemon, a piece of zinc and a piece of copper. So why don’t we use this instead of buying batteries from shops? In this activity you find out. You also explore other homemade batteries, including a seawater battery made by scientists in the BBC TV programme Rough Science. The purpose is to explore the potential of low technology homemade batteries as emergency power supplies. Activity type H Use of scientific knowledge and understanding to solve problems Working in teams to solve problems Communication Resource/budget management Time and workload management Techniques Field Electrochemistry Visit us at www.pro-base.eu - 2 - Time Practical lessons: 600 minutes Theory lessons: 120 minutes Out of class time: 360 minutes StandardBase procedures None StandardBase techniques None Other resources Zavod za šolstvo, Ljubljana (The National Education Institute of the Republic of Slovenia), http://www.zrss.si/ Other resources are listed in the activity...
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...Edexcel International Lower Secondary Curriculum Science Year 9 Achievement Test Sample Assessment Material and Sample Mark Scheme Edexcel is part of Pearson, the world’s leading learning company. As the UK’s largest awarding body we offer academic and vocational qualifications and testing to schools, colleges, employers and other places of learning. Our academic qualifications include GCE, GCSE, International GCSE plus Primary and Lower Secondary Curricula. For Further information please contact: Edexcel Service operations (entries and registrations) serviceoperations@edexcel.com Tel: +44 (0)844 463 2535 Or Edexcel Customer Services: +44 (0)1204 770696 Contents Paper PLSC02 Sample Assessment Material Sample Mark Scheme 1 41 General Marking Guidance • All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last. Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions. Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie. There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately. All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s...
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...Year 10 Science Semester Two Examination - 2012 TIME ALLOWED 15 MINUTES READING 1 HOUR AND 15 MINUTES WRITING Instructions to candidates: 1) Do not write or mark the examination booklet in any way during reading time. 2) Please check that, aside from this test booklet, you also have a multiple choice answer sheet and data sheet. 3) There are 14 pages in this booklet including this one. Please check to ensure that this is so. 4) Note that the time allocated for the examination is 75 minutes and that 70 marks have been allocated: this should give you a guide as to how much time you should spend on each section. The survey at the end of the exam should take you approximately five minutes. 5) There are 4 sections in this booklet: multiple choice, true/false, definitions and extended questions. 6) Graphic calculators must not be used. Dictionaries must not be used. An approved scientific calculator may be used. 7) If you finish early please do not waste your time: you only get examination time once so it should not be wasted. Check your work thoroughly: calculations, grammar and spelling. Re-read the questions and check your answers to ensure that you have actually answered the questions asked. 8) When the signal to write is given fill in your name, form and teacher details on this booklet (below) and on the multiple choice answer sheet before you begin answering any questions. 9) All answers in this booklet must be completed in pen. 10) All numerical answers to questions must...
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...GUIDELINES FOR THE CLASSIFICATION AND CODING OF INDUSTRIAL AND HAZARDOUS WASTES TEXAS COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY WASTE PERMITS DIVISION RG-022 Revised 2/05 GUIDELINES FOR THE CLASSIFICATION AND CODING OF INDUSTRIAL AND HAZARDOUS WASTES THIS IS A GUIDANCE DOCUMENT AND SHOULD NOT BE INTERPRETED AS A REPLACEMENT TO THE RULES. The rules for classifying and coding industrial wastes and hazardous wastes may be found in 30 Texas Administrative Code (TAC) Sections (§§) 335.501-.521 (Subchapter R). Prepared by: I&HW Permits Section, MC 130 Waste Permits Division Texas Commission on Environmental Quality P.O. Box 13087 Austin, Texas 78711-3087 RG-022 Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Revised February 2005 i Kathleen Hartnett White, Chairman R. B. “Ralph” Marquez, Commissioner Larry R. Soward, Commissioner Glenn Shankle, Executive Director Authorization for use or reproduction of any original material contained in this publication—that is, not obtained from other sources—is freely granted. The commission would appreciate acknowledgment. Copies of this publication are available for public use through the Texas State Library, other state depository libraries, and the TCEQ Library, in compliance with state depository law. For more information on TCEQ publications call 512/239-0028 or visit our Web site at: http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/publications Published and distributed by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality PO Box...
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...The pH of our water before filtration was already within safe drinking range, and it ended at the same value of a pH of 7. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the safe pH range for drinking water is between 6.5-8.5 (Hendrickson). Typical drinking water has a pH of slightly higher than 7 due to dissolved minerals that make the water slightly alkaline, which is why the alkaline end of the range is at 1.5 away from 7, while the acidic end of the range is only 0.5 away from 7. While some alkalinity is fine, too high a pH, which can be caused by detergent or cleaning agents runoff contamination, can be dangerous to the human body. Too low a pH can also be harmful. Ultimately, the pH of water must be kept close to neutral to be safe for...
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...Year 11 Science Mentoring Task Booklet Things to remember when answering 6 mark exam questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Try and remember everything you can about what the question is asking before you start answering it Make at least 6 points Write in full sentences starting with capital letters and ending with full stops Try and answer the question in around five minutes Check your answer to make sure you have not left anything out Remember to use key words when appropriate Things to remember when marking 6 mark exam questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. Use a green pen Read through the science points at the bottom of the mark scheme first In the answer put ticks to show where the marks are coming from Mark for spelling and grammar by circling the word or part of the text and writing above it as follows: • • • • 5. 6. 7. 8. Spelling mistake (Sp) Missing full stop (Gr) Missing capital letter (Gr) Poor grammar (Gr) Cross out any bits that are irrelevant to the question Add up their total number of marks If there are more than three spelling or grammar errors minus one mark Leave constructive feedback Biology Cells Tissues & Organs Summary All living things are made up of cells. The structures of different types of cells are related to their functions. To get into or out of cells, dissolved substances have to cross the cell membranes. Cells Cells are the smallest unit of life. All living things are made of cells. Most human cells, like most other animal cells, have the following...
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...Maria Vasilenko 223901 Feasibility of using biosensors for heavy metal detection in complex matrices such as bio-slurries. Master of Science Thesis Examiners: Professor Matti Karp Professor Raghida Lepistö Examiner and topic approved in The Science and Bioengineering Department Council meeting on 7.11.2012 Abstract TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master‟s Degree Programme in Science and Bioengineering Vasilenko Maria: Feasibility of using biosensors for heavy metal detection in complex matrices such as bio-slurries. Seminar paper, 97 pages November 2012 Major: Biotechnology Examiners: Matti Karp, Raghida Lepisto Keywords: environmental pollution, heavy metals, biosensors, slurries The quality of bioslurries that are used in industrial production and agriculture need to be watched very closely to avoid spreading of contaminants on area and poisoning of humans and animals. Because heavy metals are very stable and toxic in many chemical compositions, their amount should be estimated very thoroughly. A new approach that involved biosensors was tested in this study. Because the slurries are complex non-unified matrices which composed of two phases – solid and liquid, the cell behavior can varies a lot from the one that explained in water and so the estimation of ion concentration can be not reliable. It was shown that the cell actually behave different in the slurries. Normally the dissolved compounds suppress the biosensor activity and, in the same time, the ions in the...
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...Liquid and Viscous Products: Worksheet The principal display panel of a label must be located on that part of the container normally displayed to the user. The label must contain three basic mandatory statements which must, where applicable, appear in a prescribed manner: Product Identity Declaration. Net Quantity Declaration. Dealer Name and Principal Place Of Business. The product identity and net quantity declarations must appear on the principal display panel. The following sections will discuss these mandatory statements in detail. What To Put on a Label Product Identity Declaration (Common Name) The label must identify the common name of the product in terms of its generic name or function. Except in cases where the product is a test market product, a local product, a specialty product, or a product for which knowledge of a specific language is required, the product identity must be given in both English and French. The product identity declaration must be located on the principal display panel. The product identity declaration must be clearly legible, and meet the requirements for minimum type height. Net Quantity Declaration The net quantity declaration must be located on the principal display panel. The net quantity must be displayed clearly and prominently in distinct contrast to any other information shown on the label. The numerical portion of the net quantity must be in bold face type and meet the minimum type height requirements. ...
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...Chemistry Notes 2010 Core Module 1: Production of Materials Contextual Outline Humans have always exploited their natural environment for all their needs including food, clothing and shelter. As the cultural development of humans continued, they looked for a greater variety of materials to cater for their needs. The twentieth century saw an explosion in both the use of traditional materials and in the research for development of a wider range of materials to satisfy technological developments. Added to this was a reduction in availability of the traditional resources to supply the increasing world population. Chemists and chemical engineers continue to play a pivotal role in the search for new sources of traditional materials such as those from the petrochemical industry. As the fossil organic reserves dwindle, new sources of the organic chemicals presently used have to be found. In addition, chemists are continually searching for compounds to be used in the design and production of new materials to replace those that have been deemed no longer satisfactory for needs. This module increases students’ understanding of the implications of chemistry for society and the environment and the current issues, research and developments in chemistry. 1.1 Construct word and balanced formulae equations of all chemical reactions as they are encountered in this module: • Acid reactions: o acid (aq) + base (aq) salt (aq) + water (l) o acid (aq) + active metal (s) salt (aq) + hydrogen (g)...
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...Daniel Rutherford Jacobus Henricus Walther Hermann Nernst Reinhold Benesch & Ruth Erica Benesch Find How Oxygen is Transported in Human Body Frederick Soddy Artturi Ilmari Virtanen Louis Jacques Thenard discovers hydrogen peroxide Jbir ibn Hayyn Ya'qub Al-Kindi Paul Karrer Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier Few things are as important as water, which we know is made of oxygen and hydrogen. Did you know that Antoine Lavoisier was the discoverer of both elements? Contributions to Science Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier is one of the most important scientists in the history of chemistry. He discovered elements, formulated a basic law of chemistry and helped create the metric system. During his time, people believed that when an object burns, a mysterious substance called ‘phlogiston’ was released. This was called the ‘phlogiston theory’. Lavoisier’s experiments demonstrated the contrary, i.e. when something burned, it actually absorbed something from the air, instead of releasing anything. He later named the ‘something’ from the air as oxygen, when he found that it combined with other chemicals to form acid. (In Greek, ‘oxy’ means sharp, referring to the sharp taste of acids.) Henry Cavendish had earlier isolated hydrogen, but he called it inflammable air. Lavoisier showed that this inflammable air burned to form a colourless liquid, which turned out to be water. The Greek word for water is ‘hydro’, so the air that burned to form water was hydrogen! Lavoisier was...
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...ELECTRONIC VERSION To order a print copy go to www.macgyverbookbook.com ELECTRONIC VERSION To order a print copy go to www.macgyverbookbook.com The Unofficial MacGyver How-to Handbook: Actual Working Tricks as Seen on TV’s MacGyver Revised 2nd Edition Bret Terrill and Greg Dierkers Illustrated by Patience Gallegos Cover Design by Timothy Thul The Unofficial MacGyver How-To Handbook Copyright © DECEMBER 2005 by Bret Terrill. ISBN 1-887641-47-5 Published by American International Press. All rights reserved. www.aipbooks.com We’d like to thank Bret’s dad whose Tivo© and love of MacGyver made this book possible. So blame him. Chapter I: Great Escapes Chapter List Keep Your Cool: Escape from a Meat Locker Take That, Indy: Escape from a Pit of Snakes The Amazing MacGyver: Escape from a Straitjacket while Trapped Underwater Escape from an Incinerator Escape a Pack of Hunting Dogs Escape from the Basement of a Collapsed Building Escape from Being Blown to Kibbles and Bits Chapter II: Car Troubles Make a Stick-Shift Car Drive Itself Repair a Busted Brake Line While in a Moving Car Fake a Flat Tire Recharge a Car Battery with a Bottle of Wine Lift Your Car with a Innertube Repair a Broken Fuel Line with a Ballpoint Pen A MacGyver Classic: Make an Arcwelder from a Car Battery and Pocket Change Chapter List Chapter III: Angus Macgyver: Superspy/ Chemistry Teacher Make a Fire Extinguisher with the Contents of Your Kitchen Cabinet stop...
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...part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author. Printed in the United States of America Page | 2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................5 THE DANGER OF PROCESSED FOODS ......................................................................8 REFINED SUGAR IS POISON ......................................................................................12 THE TRUTH ABOUT FAT .............................................................................................27 WHY YOU SHOULD AVOID HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP ..................................32 WATCH OUT FOR ASPARTAME .................................................................................40 AVOID MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ..........................................................................55 OTHER FOOD ADDITIVES YOU SHOULD AVOID ......................................................62 THE PROBLEM WITH BREAKFAST CEREALS ..........................................................73 THE PROBLEM WITH DIET SODAS ............................................................................78 THE PROBLEM WITH FACTORY FARMED MEATS ...................................................85 THE PROBLEM WITH MILK ................................................
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...10 CHAPTER SOLUTIONS MANUAL The Mole Section 10.1 Measuring Matter page 320–324 b. 2.50 ϫ 1020 atoms Fe 2.50 ؋ 1020 atoms Fe ؋ Practice Problems ؋ 51.4 ؍ 10؊4 1 mol Fe __ 6.02 ؋ 1023 atoms Fe mol Fe pages 323–324 1. Zinc (Zn) is used to form a corrosion-inhibiting surface on galvanized steel. Determine the number of Zn atoms in 2.50 mol of Zn. 2.50 mol Zn ؋ 4201 ؋ 15.1 ؍ ___ 6.02 ؋ 1023 atoms Zn 1 mol Zn atoms of Zn 2. Calculate the number of molecules in 11.5 mol of water (H2O). 11.5 mol H O ؋ ___ 6.02 ؋ 1023 molecules H2O 2 ؋ 29.6 ؍ 1024 1 mol H2O molecules of H2O 3. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) is used to make several Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. different silver halides used in photographic films. How many formula units of AgNO3 are there in 3.25 mol AgNO3? 3.25 mol AgNO3 ؋ 4201 ؋ 69.1 ؍ ____ 6.02 ؋ 1023 formula units AgNO3 1 mol AgNO3 formula units of AgNO3 4. Challenge Calculate the number of oxygen atoms in 5.0 mol of oxygen molecules. Oxygen is a diatomic molecule, O2. 5.00 mol O2 ؋ ___ 6.02 ؋ 1023 molecules O2 1 mol O2 2 O atoms ؋ __ 01 ؋ 20.6 ؍ 24 molecule O2 atoms O 5. How many moles contain each of the following? a. 5.75 ϫ 1024 atoms Al for each formula and convert the given number of representative particles to moles. a. 3.75 ϩ 1024 CO2 The representative particle is a molecule...
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...Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Paul Monk Manchester Metropolitan University, UK Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley...
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