...spot where the substrate will attach to the enzyme (active site). When the substrate and the enzyme come in contact with each other, it creates an enzyme-substrate complex. The enzyme and substrate then connect. This connection causes the pace of the reaction to speed up, causing a chemical reaction. Once the reaction has taken place, the enzyme is released out so it can perform more reactions with more substrates. Without enzymes, a cells metabolism would not be fast enough for the organism to function in the correct manner. This is evident when pertaining to the enzyme, amylase, which is found in corn. Amylase is in a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of starch into smaller carbohydrate molecules, such as maltose. It is the also the digestive enzyme needed to digest carbohydrates. Corn is an important crop farmed in the US. Amylase is used in germinating seeds by helping the seed grow. It gives farmers a chance to create the biggest production of corn with the smallest amount of input. Can we prove that temperature affect enzyme activity? In this lab, we tested to see if the rate of enzyme activity was affected by an increase in temperature. Our hypothesis was that an increase in...
Words: 1524 - Pages: 7
...Option A – Human nutrition and health Components of the human diet A nutrient is a chemical substance found in foods that is used in the human body. The nutrients needed in the human diet are amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins and water. Metabolic fuel is often supplied from carbohydrates and fats, which are almost, always present in human diets but specific carbohydrates are not essential. * Metabolic fuel can also be supplied from proteins. Chemical energy is all the fuels are transferred into a required movement/action (contracting muscle) by respiration. * Combined nitrogen required for the building of proteins. They have to be hydrolyzed to their constituent amino acids for them to work. * Vitamins are organic compounds that are needed in a small amount but they cannot be synthesized by the body. Their absence from the diet can cause deficiency diseases. * Minerals are chemical elements that are obtained in an ionic form (Na+) also needed in a small amount. Major minerals are like calcium, iron and phosphate that are needed for the construction of body tissues or in metabolic processes. * Water is essential because 70-90% of the body is water. Vitamin C The daily recommended dose of vitamin C is 40mg for adults. Pregnant and lactating mothers more. These margin this high because: * To have a safety margin so the risk of scurvy is minimized. Some scientists argue that extremely large doses (500 mg per day) helped to...
Words: 2960 - Pages: 12
...The Effects of Food on the Body Do we eat to live or live to eat? Are we what we eat? Sitting down to a mouth watering breakfast of sizzling smoked Canadian bacon, extra cheesy omelet, garnished with crisp green lettuce leaves and red juicy tomatoes accompanied by warm toasted bread and a tall glass of refreshing apple juice does not only affect our senses but our body as well. Understanding the relationship between food and the body is a fascinating part of science known as Nutrition. Food is any nutritious substance, usually of plant or animal origin, that people eat or drink in order to sustain life (Mosby's Medical Dictionary). Our diet, which consists of the foods we habitually eat, plays a vital role in our well being (Oxford Dictionaries). In light of this fact, the nutritional value of our diet either has a healthy or unhealthy impact on the body. The nutrients found in our diets are essential for the development and maintenance of biological functions that are necessary for sustaining life. Nutrients are the fundamental elements or chemical substances that makeup the foods we eat and they are affected differently by the various biological processes in the body (Mosby's Medical Dictionary). Together, they give food theirs their distinct color, flavor and texture (Tull) There are six types of nutrients which are classified as: macronutrients, micronutrients and water. Macronutrients, as the term implies are large in size and are required in large quantities...
Words: 6606 - Pages: 27
...Carbohydrates This essay will explain carbohydrates, their structure and two main functions of a carbohydrate and why they are important in the human body. Carbohydrate is a term used to describe food composed of sugar molecules. Carbohydrates are sugars, the two main forms are simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates, also referred to as sugars and starches. One of the main differences between the two is how quickly they can be digested and absorbed. They are one of the body’s main sources of energy as carbohydrates are broken down into glucose quickly. It has a more pronounced effect on blood sugar levels than fats or proteins. Foods rich in carbohydrates also provide fibre, protein, vitamins and minerals but the main purpose is to provide energy (Harvard School of Public Health, 2015). Carbohydrates can be found in all fruits and vegetables in varying amounts, celery, for example, having very little carbohydrate while potatoes have a much higher amount of carbohydrate (Int. Food Information Council Foundation, 2013) Complex carbohydrates are found in foods such as pasta, potatoes, flour and rice and release slowly into the circulatory system. Simple carbohydrates are sugars and are released quickly into the system, simple carbohydrates include, table sugar, fruit juices and most pre-packaged cereals. Eating complex carbohydrates results in starches breaking down slowly and therefore raise blood sugar levels more slowly than simple carbohydrates (sugars) which will...
Words: 2406 - Pages: 10
...Describe each stage in the creative process using Ch. 5 of your text. Search for a personal challenge. Explain how you used the techniques to develop curiosity in your search (see Ch. 6). The first stage in the creative process consists of constantly looking for a challenge or an opportunity to enhance existing problems or issues. These issues may be hardly noticeable or completely obvious, but it is each person’s responsibility to seek them out. The second stage is expressing the problem or issue in as many ways as possible and decide which expression or expressions are the best and will create the most ideas. The more expressions considered will allow the creation of ideas from multiple perspectives. The third stage is to research the problem or issue and gather data needed to deal with the issue effectively. This may be simply reviewing personal observations or previous experiences for information that relate to the challenge. It can be more in-depth in other situations and may require research, interviewing experts, or creating additional experiences and observations to gather new data. In the last stage the generation of ideas occurs. Creating a multitude of various ideas is important and too often one will quit prematurely or limit ideas. The longer one attempts to develop ideas the more likely a worthwhile idea will develop. Evaluate which idea or ideas best illuminates the problem then tentatively decide which idea or ideas best resolves the issue (Ruggiero, Vincent...
Words: 1499 - Pages: 6
... | Student Response | Feedback | A. | biosynthesis. | | B. | anabolism. | | C. | photosynthesis. | | D. | glycogenesis. | | | Score: | 1/1 | | | 2. | | | Which of the following breakfasts would be highest in carbohydrate? | | | Student Response | Feedback | A. | Grapefruit half, 2 fried eggs, 3 bacon slices, 1 slice of toast with butter, coffee | | B. | 8 ounces orange juice, 2 cups Cream of Wheat with 2 tablespoons sugar, English muffin with jelly, 1 cup whole milk | | C. | 8 ounces orange juice, 2 bran muffins, 8 ounces nonfat yogurt, coffee | | D. | 1 cup whole milk, 2 ounces sausage, 2 fried eggs, 1 slice of toast with butter | | | Score: | 1/1 | | | 3. | | | fv | | | Student Response | Feedback | A. | glucose | | B. | fructose | | C. | glycogen | | D. | lactose | | | Score: | 1/1 | | | 4. | | | If you had the condition phenylketonuria, which should you not use? | | | Student Response | Feedback | A. | Acesulfame-K | | B. | Aspartame | | C. | High fructose corn syrup | | D. | Saccharin | | | Score: | 1/1 | | | 5. | | | In the U.S. diet, carbohydrate supplies approximately what percentage of total kcalories? | | | Student Response | Feedback | A. | 15% | | B. | 35% | | C. | 50% | | D. | 60% | | | Score: | 0/1 | | | 6. | | | Which of the following...
Words: 33283 - Pages: 134
...Carbohydrates Carbohydrates: Good Carbs Guide the Way ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form What Are Carbohydrates? Carbohydrates are found in a wide array of foods—bread, beans, milk, popcorn, potatoes, cookies, spaghetti, soft drinks, corn, and cherry pie. They also come in a variety of forms. The most common and abundant forms are sugars, fibers, and starches. The basic building block of every carbohydrate is a sugar molecule, a simple union of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Starches and fibers are essentially chains of sugar molecules. Some contain hundreds of sugars. Some chains are straight, others branch wildly. Carbohydrates were once grouped into two main categories. Simple carbohydrates included sugars such as fruit sugar (fructose), corn or grape sugar (dextrose or glucose), and table sugar (sucrose). Complex carbohydrates included everything made of three or more linked sugars. Complex carbohydrates were thought to be the healthiest to eat, while simple carbohydrates weren’t so great. It turns out that the picture is more complicated than that. The digestive system handles all carbohydrates in much the same way—it breaks them down (or tries to break them down) into single sugar molecules, since only these are small enough to cross into the bloodstream. It also converts most digestible carbohydrates into glucose (also known as blood sugar), because cells are designed to use this as a universal energy source. Fiber is an exception. It...
Words: 22143 - Pages: 89
...University of Phoenix Material Health and Nutrition Worksheet Use Ch. 1, 2, & 3 of Visualizing Nutrition, supplemental course materials, the University Library, the Internet, or other resources to answer the following questions. Your response to each question should be 75 to 100 words. |What is nutrition? Why is nutrition essential to our daily lives? | |Nutrition or nourishment is the provision, to living creatures, of the materials necessary (in the form of food or supplements) | |to support life. We often don’t think of our eating habits but without proper nutrition our bodies wouldn’t be able to function | |properly. Nutrition is essential for our daily lives because it provides us with the required energy to do daily activities. | |Proper nutrition also keeps us healthy and free from diseases or other health problems. | |What is the connection between nutrition and health? | |Studies have shown that people who eat nutrient rich foods enjoy good health, longer life and a reduced risk of many diseases. | |Eating nutrient-rich foods can also help people to stay at a healthy body weight; being overweight or obese is found to be linked| |to numerous chronic diseases. If you eat properly and nutritionally you will have high energy levels and you will have less | |health...
Words: 945 - Pages: 4
... | |7/16/2014 8:45:21 PM | | | | | |Mary, you are not alone...I'm sure many of us can attest to feeling the same way. What do you think would be a more successful jump start | |to your "healthier living" regimen: making healthier food choices and incorporating regular exercise, beginning an exercise program that | |motivates you to want to eat healthier, or begin to do BOTH at the same time? There is no right or wrong answer, just "food for thought" | |for anyone wanting to think about it. | | | Well for myself, I haven’t had a soda in two weeks after finding out that diet soda contains aspartame which turns into formaldehyde, which is so disgusting. I have...
Words: 4642 - Pages: 19
...important meal of the day” – statement claimed by the majority of doctors today, but I’m afraid, not everyone understands the meaning of the word “Breakfast”. The word literally represents the meal by which you break your current fast, or a not eating period. It doesn’t say anywhere when it should happen. People are, not knowingly, fasting every day, usually when they are asleep – since they go through a period of several hours without eating. People are focusing so much towards the future while searching for new and superior ways of improving their lifestyles, not realizing that they might have neglected, and missed a really important one in the past, known as the Intermittent Fasting. So let’s travel to the past, thousands of years back. What do we see? We see a world...
Words: 2342 - Pages: 10
...150 grams of fish a week. And according to medical standards, the maximum allowable amount of consumption of oily fish - about 600 grams per week. Myth Two: The sushi contains a lot of salt, which is dangerous for the kidneys. Indeed, soy sauce, which served to sushi, very salty, and it is better not to abuse it. Two tablespoons of soy sauce contains about 1 gram of salt. This amount is more than enough, because daily standart of salt -6 grams for an adult. So, eating sushi, lean on ginger and use sauce economically. Myth Three: people get fat from rice. But this can only be the case if eat it in incredible quantities. This is true not only for sushi. You need to know when to stop eating and then the fullness does not threaten you. Also do not forget that part of sushi is soy vinegar, which speeds up the metabolism. Because land is not only possible but also need to eat, this is a great healthy food to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Only...
Words: 913 - Pages: 4
...three different types of macronutrients; carbohydrates which is made up of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues, these are included in starch, sugars and cellulose. Protein is the digestion to amino acids and has relationships with muscle mass; protein also affects the activity and metabolic rates. Lipids are the third main class of macronutrients needed in human nutrition. Lipids are found primarily in meats, and dairy foods. They are a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids. Micronutrients are different from macronutrients (like carbohydrates, proteins and fat) they are only necessary in tiny amounts. Nevertheless micronutrients are essential for good health, if you have a micronutrient deficiencies it can cause serious health problems. Micronutrient includes a lot of dietary minerals such as zinc and iodine these are necessary for the healthy functioning of your body’s system, from bone growth to brain function. Micronutrients are commonly known as “vitamins” the vitamins they hold are vitamin A, C, D, and K. Making sure that you eat these vitamins in a healthy balanced diet is really important as it can prevent you from any serious health issues. There are many characteristics of nutrients. Carbohydrates provide energy for the body. Even when you are asleep you cells need oxygen and nutrients to function. When you active your body needs energy for movement this can be provided by the carbohydrate foods you...
Words: 1848 - Pages: 8
...food of exceptional interest. Not only is milk an excellent food for the very young, but humans have also adapted milk, specifically cow’s milk, as a food substance for persons of all ages. Many specialized milk products like cheese, yogurt, butter, and ice cream are staples of our diet. Milk is probably the most nutritionally-complete food that can be found in nature. This property is important for milk, since it is the only food young mammals consume in the nutritionally significant weeks following birth. Whole milk contains vitamins (principally thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, and vitamins A, D, and K), minerals (calcium, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, and trace metals), proteins (which include all the essential amino acids), carbohydrates (chiefly lactose), and lipids (fats). The only important elements in which milk is seriously deficient are iron and Vitamin C. Infants are usually born with a storage supply of iron large enough to meet their needs for several weeks. Vitamin C is easily secured through an orange juice supplement. The average composition of the milk of each of several mammals is summarized in the accompanying table. Average Percentage...
Words: 4236 - Pages: 17
...Human Digestion Summary n 9/21/2014 SCI-241 Simyka Carlton In my human digestion summary I will be going over some factors and the amount of time that it can take for our food to travel through our digestive track. I’m also going to be telling you about how digestive can occur in some parts of our digestive system. I’m also going to be letting you know what kinds of foods are good to eat to help to improve our digestive system. Human digestion summary Digestion can take a very specific path which starts from beginning to the end. This is when the food that we have ate then starts to move from our moth to our stomach in a matter of minutes. This is when our tongue will help move the food that we eat move to the teeth. Which then while we chew our food it is then mixed with saliva. That’s when the saliva is then produced by our saliva glands to start the first part of the digestion. When the food is then mixed with our saliva that’s when the food then comes to a bolus. The bolus is then swallowed in the phyarynx and then moves into the esophagus. This is when it then takes place in our stomach while in the esophagus that’s when the food will pass the epiglottis. The epiglottis is a flap that will help to prevent the bolus from being taken to our lungs. When it comes to the size of our mouth its five inches to one foot...
Words: 1461 - Pages: 6
...Substances found in plant foods that are not essential nutrients but may have health-promoting properties are phytochemicals 2 Which is NOT an example of moderation in your diet and lifestyle? Going back for seconds on all dinner items, rather than just the item you like best 3 All of the following are macronutrients except vitamins 4 All of the following are macronutrients lipids carbohydrates protein 5 Which of the following statements about proteins is false? Proteins are made of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. 6 following statements about proteins are true Proteins differ based on the combinations of amino acids used in each type of protein. Proteins are composed of amino acids. Dietary protein from animal sources better matches the amino acid needs of humans compared to dietary protein derived from plants sources. 7 If you know you are going to order dessert at dinner tonight, which of these choices would illustrate the concept of balancing your choices? Choosing a salad with fat-free salad dressing for lunch 8 With the exception of _______, all the classes of nutrients are involved in forming and maintaining the body’s structure. vitamins 9 Gram per gram, ______ provide the most kcalories. lipids 10 A deficient intake of _______ is known to produce osteoporosis. calcium 11 Some nutrient deficiencies occur quickly, whereas others take more time to develop. Which of the following nutrient deficiencies are listed in the order...
Words: 7648 - Pages: 31
