...as Korea. During this war, Russia was humiliated and had many defeats from a country which were considered to be inferior. The defeat of this war humiliated the people of Russia and therefore lost confidence in Nicholas II. Russia’s defeat in the war also caused problems in the Military, economic and political problems. This then means that the Russo-Japanese war was partly responsible for the 1905 revolution. The Russo-Japanese war created many huge military defeats which showed the Russian people how weak the military were which therefore caused national humiliation. With the people of Russia humiliated, they began the 1905 Revolution. An example of one of the most humiliating Russian defeats during the war was the Battle of Tsushima in May of 1905. The Russians sent 35 battleships from northern Europe to Japan. As the north of Russia was frozen over, the Russian fleet was forced to go past Africa and of an 8 month journey. When the Russian fleet finally arrived, they were overwhelmed and lost 25 of their initial 35 ships. The decisions made during this period lead to the military losing loyalty in the Tsar, for example, the strikes in Odessa. All of these problems and the fact the huge empire of Russia lose to a country that many had never heard of made Russians very humiliated. However, many argue that this did not cause the outbreak of the revolution, but only adding to the opposition of the autocratic Tsar and prolonging the revolution. The Russo-Japanese war also brought...
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...experienced two revolutions that would end Tsar’s rule and end the feudal system. The Russian Revolution took place in 1917 when the poor and working people of Russia revolted against the government of Tsar Nicholas II. The people shouted “Peace, Land and Bread!” as their way of protesting against these harrowing conditions. They were led by Vladimir Lenin and a group of revolutionaries called the Bolsheviks. Singularly, the poem “Twelve” by Alexander Blok emphasizes his idea of the Russian Revolution. Alexander Alexandrovich Blok was a Russian lyrical poet, who experienced both of the revolutions in Russia. Blok utilizes imagery, juxtaposition, and onomatopoeia to convey his interpretation of the Russian Revolution....
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...were the causes of the 1905 Revolution? Why did the Revolution fail to overthrow the Tsarist Regime? The Revolution of 1905 was the first time the Tsar had faced open opposition from so many groups in Russian society at the same time. It involved peasant disturbances, strikes, naval mutinies, nationalist uprisings and assassinations. This essay aims to examine the different causes of the Revolution of 1905. Short and long-term causes will be considered, and economic, political, military and social factors will be discussed. The essay will also explain why the Revolution ultimately failed to overthrow the Tsarist regime. A long-term social and economic cause of the 1905 Revolution was the continuing dissatisfaction of both peasants and landowners to the Emancipation Edict of 1861. Although this piece of legislation had brought an end to serfdom, peasants still remained tied to the village commune (mir) and were angry at the redemption payments they were expected to pay in return for the land they had received. They believed more, and better quality, land should have been given to them at no cost. Their anger was made evident during the peasant disturbances of 1902. The landowners were also unhappy with the terms of emancipation. They lost the free labour of their serfs and a large amount of land. As a result many were facing huge debts by 1905. Another long-term cause of the 1905 Revolution was the general disappointment with which many Russian people viewed the reforms...
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...Russia has never been a happy place. Since the 12th Century it has been bogged down in poverty, horrific living conditions, and an extremely separated class system. It took many years for the workers and slaves of Russian life to finally organize themselves and revolt against the causes of such hardship; many years of pain, suffering, and oppression that were brought on by the czars. It was this stagnant suffering that would finally begin to lift, and eventually bring power to the Bolsheviks and communism to Russia. Many revolutionaries encouraged killing, robbery, and used terror to advance their effort. However, there were other kinds of revolutionaries, some violent, some not. Gorky, Dostoevsky, and Turgenev all contributed to the progress of the revolution by communicating through literature. All four books were intended to identify critical issues of life, to instigate social and political changes throughout Russia, and to wholly improve Russian life. Gorky’s My Childhood explains the terrible conditions Russia peasants faced. Turgenev’s Fathers and Sons represents the struggle between two ideologies, romanticism and liberalism. Gorky’s next book Mother is the idea of insurgency cells and how a group with no distinct leader can be effective. Finally, Fyodor Dostoevsky’s The Possessed shows how violence can be a major tool in fuelling a rebellion, although it also shows how extreme nihilism is self-destructive. Simply listing the problems with Russia up to the 19th and early...
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...would you think of? Economical, Political, or Societal? Actually, although people believe that most reforms or progress is for the benevolence of all three of these elements equally, revolutions such as the Industrial Revolution are more driven towards the success of the economics. The industrial revolution itself caused a massive uprising of ideas based on engineering for the sole purpose of convenience, and made a huge gap between the rich, the middle, and the poor, and classified the middle and the poor as the working classes and most of the topics went to the working class. However, this is more unlikely to be a political progress since the convenience and affordable factor all went to boost England’s economy and have the society afford them for cheaper. The progress of the Industrial Revolution was based on socioeconomic reasons because, due to the Industrial revolution, England’s economy increased, rate of employment for unemployed workers increased because of the ability to mass produce products using the newly invented machines to create a better economy for corporations, and a lot of products could be produced in cheap prices because mass production was possible and this increased the standard of living to modernization. Another example of socioeconomic progress is the French Revolution. The French revolutionists and poor social class strived to change the social class division by killing aristocrats and women’s march of Versailles also indicated a strive for a change...
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...the development of Russian government, the first world war was the most significant’ How far do you agree with this statement? I feel the First World War is a very strong factor in Russian history and is a very good point to argue with it was the final disappoint that drove the people of Russia to not only take down the tsar but to later kill him. However in the development of Russian government I don’t think it had much importance, out of all the wars in Russian history I feel it was the revolutions in 1917 that played the most important role in the development of the Russian government. Russia involvement in world war one is a very big turning point in Russian history, it removed the tsar from power and left Russian on its knee’s as industries could not keep up with the demands of the war, many soldiers were without weapons and ammunition. But really didn't have a effect on the development of the Russian government it wasn't until the February revolution in 1917 that the development really started, it allowed the few remaining members of the duma including Kerensky to develop the provisional government, it was successful in installing a democratic government as it quickly allowed free elections and allowed legal political parties to be formed. However their freedom of speech and publishing of political materials from opposition was their downfall as it allowed the Bolsheviks to attack them, as there popularity increased the provisional government was starting to grow weak...
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...How far was it the Tsar’s personal inadequacies that caused the revolution in February 1917? Tsar Nicolas II of Russia had many personal inadequacies and made many mistakes in the run up to the revolution in February 1917. These have been blamed as the cause to the revolution, as as leader of the country it was his job to prevent revolution by making sure the people were happy and that the country was being ran well, but he blatantly failed in this role as the revolution went ahead. However there were also many other factors that contributed to the revolution. Another big factor that is thought to have caused the revolution is the First World War, which was in full force when the revolution took place. The war badly affected morale, and also caused shortages of necessities and this all made the people upset, causes demonstrations that helped to spark the revolution. There were also still great amounts of Russification, for example towards the Turks, which made all kinds of Nationalities unhappy and turn against the Tsar. The peasant hunger and land question also had had not been solved, and millions of peasants had been sent to war. Adding to the general unrest and possibly sparking the revolution was also the political opposition the Tsar now faced. There are also arguments that the revolution was completely spontaneous, simply sparked by the Woman’s Day Parade, which was joined by unhappy workers, who went to demonstrate due to their unfair working conditions. All these...
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...This elaborated on the situation through the symbolism that correlated to the downfall of the Soviet Union in the Russian Revolution. Also, the novel a Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens put the reader in the setting of the French Revolution, where treachery and societal injustice was prominent. Furthermore, the article “Iranian Revolution” by Janet Afary highlights the depression that was drawn upon the...
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...Stolypin’s reforms failed and the Tsar’s Imperial government did not learn the lessons of the 1905 Revolution by Professor Peter Waldron. University of Sunderland new perspective. Volume 6. Number 3. March 2001 Summary: The Tsarist government received a severe jolt from the 1905 Revolution and, in order to relieve discontent, soon instituted reforms, including the creation of an elected Duma. From 1906 Stolypin proposed fundamental reforms, especially of the agricultural system, which would ensure that the population had no reason to rebel. But his programme was not implemented, partly because the Duma was an inefficient instrument for the passage of government legislation, and partly because the regime, now that law and order had been restablished, had not the will to overcome opposition from the nobility and the Church. Reform, not revolution, seemed the problem. As a result, the regime failed to learn the lessons of 1905 and collapsed in 1917. Questions to consider How far-reaching were the reforms prompted by the disturbances of 1905? How did Stolypin intend to stabilise the Tsarist regime? Why did Stolypin’s reform strategy fail? Why may he have been assassinated by enemies on the Right? In what ways did the failure of reforms after 1905 pave the way for the revolution of 1917? During 1905, Imperial Russia was beset by revolution. Across the empire, peasants rose in rebellion so that troops had to be called to put down more than 3,000 separate instances of rural...
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...Sheila Fitzpatrick is a Russian historian at the University of Chicago. She has written and contributed to several books on Soviet and Modern Russian history. Fitzpatrick wrote a historical interpretation of the increase to power of the Bolsheviks called The Russian Revolution. Fitzpatrick did not compose an introduction on the Revolution, but rather on the advancement and decline of the Revolution; particularly social, cultural, and political themes from 1905 through the Stalinist era. The Russian Revolution includes the Stalinist revolution and the Great Purges of 1937-38. Fitzpatrick opposed with the old-style Western understanding of 1917 accomplishments of the Bolsheviks, which frequently recognized the successful October Revolution to the organizational strengths and internal discipline of the Bolshevik Party (Fitzpatrick, 49). She says...
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...The corrupt government was the main cause of the Russian Revolution. The majority of the people were poor and starving. ("Russian Revolution") Since the people were living so poorly, they were obviously unhappy. They were suffering badly and their ruler wasn't doing anything about it. Their ruler was the one to blame. "Government corruption was rampant, the Russian economy remained backwards and Nicholas repeatedly dissolved the Duma..." ("Russian Revolution" History.com) Czar Nicholas II wasn't making good decisions, and so the economy was bad and the government was corrupt under his rule. By this point there was a group of revolutionaries called the Bolsheviks, and this group convinced many people to revolt as well. After all of this and more revolts, Nicholas abdicated his thrown. ("Russian Revolution" History.com) With so many strikes and the...
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...political revolution? Which of these best describes the February revolution, and why did the Tsarist system fall in February 1917? The Russian revolution of February 1917 was a momentous event in the course of Russian history. Its causes, nature and effect are complex and critical in the analysis of twentieth century international history. The revolution began in Petrograd as a workers’ revolt in response to bread shortages, and was aimed at the Tsarist system because it was believed that the government was hoarding the bread in order to drive up prices. However a workers’ revolt, by itself, is very unlikely to result in the abdication of the Tsar, and a critical phase of the revolution was the mutiny of the Petrograd garrison, and the loss of control over Petrograd that the Tsar experienced. Marxist historians have grossly exaggerated the extent of political involvement in the revolution, and it would be fair to say that only at a very late stage of the revolution did socialist political parties become involved. The Tsarist system fell for many reasons: the war against Germany meant that troops could not be deployed in force against the revolutionaries; the Tsar underestimated the extent of the revolts in Petrograd until it was too late; and the Tsar was convinced by his generals that only the Duma could deal with the situation. All of these events were necessary to bring down an autocratic system centuries old, and deeply connected with the mentality of the Russian people. ...
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...Preface The Cold War was a struggle for global influence between the United States and the Soviet Union. To that end, the two countries employed a variety of methods, all short of a direct, all-out attack on each other's homelands. The methods they used included the creation of rival alliances, the extension of military and economic aid to client states and would-be client states, a massive and expensive arms race, propaganda campaigns, espionage, guerrilla warfare, counterinsurgency warfare, and political assassinations. The Cold War was one of the longest conflicts in human history, over seventy years in duration, with periodic lulls in the level of hostility. It was also the widest in scope of all the world's wars; it was fought on every continent on the globe and, considering the space race, over every conti- nent as well. The Cold War was also one of the costliest of the world's conflicts, not only in numbers of lives lost but also in resources expended. In the end, the Soviet Union collapsed, and communism, at least in the form that existed in the Soviet Union, expired. But, as Mikhail Gorbachev pointed out, both sides lost much in the Cold War. The United States lost many lives and consumed huge financial resources as well, and the demo- cratic principles on which it was founded were endangered. For decades, historians have argued about the origins of the Cold War. Who, or what, was primarily responsible? Was it inevitable? One...
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...Karen Petrone’s The Great War in Russian Memory brings scholars to the attention of missing Soviet and historian recognition of World War I memory and remembrance. Petrone argues that Russian memory of the Great War was prominently expressed, despite the official reconstruction and censoring of official Soviet records, lack of commemoration, and what previous historians of the historiography suggest. The author has two primary goals; reintegrate the Russian perspective into the fabric of the history of European war memory, while further, track the disappearance, reappearance and reconstructing of Russian ideas of militarization, heroism, and patriotism that highlights the consciousness of public memory. By studying the discourse of Russian society, including public and media representations of the First World War from the margins, Petrone argues that European conceptualizations of...
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...Orwell's “Animal Farm” was an allegorical novella written about the Russian Revolution. Set on a farm with a cast of almost exclusively animals Orwell used this novel to illustrate how Russia had failed in their revolution in a way that was easy to understand and translate. In the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell, many animals represent important figures and groups from the Russian Revolution. This is proven in particular by three animals, all with uncanny resemblances to Russian Revolutionaries. The first animal with a Russian counterpart is Snowball the pig, who represents Leon Trotsky, the Russian politician...
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