...PAPER 1 (PROTESTANT REFORMATION) DOUGLAS HOLLOWAY STUDENT ID# 23766838 CHHI 302_DO5_201340 FALL 2013 DR. KEITH GOAD LIBERTY UNIVERSITY NOVEMBER 05, 2013 As a result of increased corruption in the Catholic Church, a significant number of priests in the 16th century tried to transform Christianity back to its previous Biblical basis and simplicity. Initially, priests channeled much of their efforts in reforming the church, but they discovered that it was very challenging, and the only viable solution was to split completely from the Catholic Church. There were four movements as a result of the reformation events. They include the Anglicans, Lutherans, Reformed Tradition (Calvin), and the Anabaptists. Key figures in the Protestants or protesters included John Knox, John Calvin, Zwingli, and Martin Luther. More doctrinal distinctions became obvious, and the previously integrated Christianity split into numerous warring groups. Between the 16th and 17th centuries, thousands of individuals were murdered as a result of Christian religion. In the current world, Protestants and Catholics in the spirit of ecumenism regard themselves as “brothers in Christ”. Martin Luther was in charge of Lutheranism and Anglicanism, Ulrich Zwingli for Reformed Churches, and Anabaptist and John Calvin broke with the beliefs of the Lutherans. The prominent figures in the reformed movement are discussed in details in this paper. Martin Luther (1843-1546) Martin Luther, a German reformer...
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...Several indivudals in human history have made a permanent impact on our world. One of those individuals was Martin Luther. Luthers actions created a schism in one of the strongest unifications in the world, and the products of this schism are still around today and represent the imortance of his actions. Martin Luther was an extremely seminal figure in regards to all things to do with Western History. He was a German professor of theology and a monk, and after rejecting several teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church, began the Protestant Reformation. His writings are held almost completely accountable for fractionalizing the Catholic Church. On October 31st, 1517, Luther wrote to his bishop rejecting the sale of indulgences,...
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...Europe contains a vast amount of history amongst its landscape and structures. Countless wars have been fought. Revolutions have been made. However, within Europe’s history there are several religious reformations that shaped a majority of modern Europe. These reformations include the Protestant Reformation, the English Reformation, and the Catholic Reformation. The events that lead to these reformations during the 16th century are quite lengthy. During the 14th century, salvation outside of the church was not possible. Thus, religion played a prominent role in the daily lives of people. However, many issues began to rise amongst all things religion. In 1309, internal conflict within the Catholic Church caused for its capital to be moved from Rome to Avignon. This shift of power started a war between France and England that lasted for nearly a century. To add to the turmoil, in 1347 the Black Death took the lives of more than 25 million Europeans within four years. Due to the plague, the church saw that a second pope was needed and established one in Rome. Then again in 1409, a third pope was elected. As three popes were battling for power, ordinary Christians became confused on who to believe. By the time the church resolved its problems, simple teachings of Christ were abandoned, and people saw the need to reform (HistoryTubeTV). Also known as The Reformation, the Protestant Reformation’s main goal was to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church...
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...Bryce Leveroos World Civ 12/8/2014 Machiavelli, Luther, Loyola: Three Names within an Era of Reformation Niccolo Machiavelli, Martin Luther, and Ignatius of Loyola were three contemporaries of the early sixteenth century, all of which had recognized a theological-political crisis in their age. In 1546 Catholicism was under siege by a new and troublesome adversary葉he Reformation. In one fell swoop, the Christian World was cleft in twain. Ignatius and Martin Luther had both been active in the Protestant Reformation, while Martin Luther had been a driving force for the Protestant Reformation, Ignatius on the other hand was the founder of the Illuminati and Jesuit Order which led the Counter-Reformation. The Jesuit Order was to become the most vile, bloody and persecuting order in the Roman Catholic church. This order was an elaborate spy system, so that no one in the order was safe. If there was any opposition, death was imminent and swift. Martin Luther had dedicated himself to the Augustinian order, devoting himself to fasting, long hours in prayer, pilgrimage, and frequent confession. In 1507 he was ordained to the priesthood, and in 1508 he was sent to teach Theology at the newly founded University of Wittenberg, later being called to the position of Doctor in Bible. Martin Luther had started the Reformation with a copy of his Disputation of Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences�?which came to be known as The Ninety-Five Theses. He had also...
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...Donald Lee Prof: Amy Wallhermfechtel World History since 1500 February 10, 2016 The Reformation and the Scientific Method World History It is difficult to have an accurate idea of how much you currently owe to Martin Luther and the movement that originated around their thinking. Historically we can say that somehow upset the religious, social, economic, cultural and political order of his time. But, Martin Luther did not agree with what the Catholic Church was doing. Martin Luther started his own way when he knew that the Catholic Church was ecclesiastical corruption and lack of religious piety. Then, Luther created the Reformation so the west divided in two that was the Catholic Church and the other were building their own churches. By this many people started making their own believing. The Protestant Reformation movement has generated many changes in the lives of people and western society. Martin Luther changed the world for failing to be a monk for the Catholic Church and start their own faith. He started a movement called the Reformation. Luther began to increase their movement more people and talking to them and told them everything bad that by the Catholic Church. Thanks to this, people began to believe in the Reformation was a Catholic idea, but none of this was under the Catholic Church this was by Martin Luther believing. The Scientific Revolution was a time associated primarily with the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, when new ideas and knowledge...
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...When a group of people feel undermined or mistreated, tensions may result. Throughout history, the oppressive rule of the minority has spurred the majority to action. In Europe, especially, a country with deeply entrenched monarchical systems, those that chose to break free often paid a heavy price. In the 16th and 17th century, this fight for change was lead by Martin Luther when he pinned his 95 Theses to the wall of a church. What would follow is the formation of sects within Christianity that continue to shape the modern world. While this conflict is known as the “Protestant Reformation,” it quickly became a revolution due to its violent and surprisingly, political and economic nature. Similarly, a century later, The French Revolution sought to overthrow the nation’s head: the king. By analyzing these conflicts through a sociological lens, these social movements can be compared and contrasted....
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...The renaissance or rebirth was considered a bridge between the middle ages and modern history. Alot of famous people such as Leonardo da Vinci, Masaccio, Pietro and Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Raphael, Michelangelo, shaped todays modern art, science, architecture, music, sculptures, and math. The renaissance lasted from the 14th century to the 17th century. In that period of time the world as we know it was defined and shaped. Leonardo di Vinci was an Italian artist, scientist, and engineer. He was born April 15 1452 and died may 2nd 1519. Leonardo’s parents were unmarried at the time of his birth. His father, Ser Piero was a Florentine notary and landlord....
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...Martin Luther and the Ninety Five Theses Outline I. Introduction II. Who was Martin Luther? III. Martin Luther Calls for Reformation IV. A Short synopsis of the Ninety Five Theses V. Result of the Theses VI. Sources Consulted Introduction Martin Luther was the first person to translate and publish the Bible in the commonly-spoken dialect of the German people. Luther's hymns sparked the development of congregational singing in Christianity. His marriage, on June 13, 1525, to Katharina von Bora, a former nun, began the tradition of clerical marriage within several Christian traditions. Martin Luther was one of the most influential and compelling figures of Church history. Some of the most fundamental tenets of the Catholic Church were called into question by Luther, and lead to the greatest religious revolt in Church history, now known as the Protestant Reformation. Who Was Martin Luther? Martin Luther was born to Hans and Margaretta Luther on November 10, 1483 in Eisleben, Germany. He was baptized on the feast day of St. Martin of Tours, for whom he was named. Martin’s childhood was one of abuse and uncompromising cruelty, “His father once beat him so mercilessly that he ran away from home …His mother, "on account of an insignificant nut, beat me till the blood flowed, and it was this harshness and severity of the life I led with them that forced me subsequently to run away to a monastery and become a monk." His...
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...Introduction A reformation reader is a book edited by Denis Janz in which he brings lesser known documents and figures to luminosity. Janz makes the context reformation clearer by including the pre-Reformation Catholic sentiments authors and discussing about the Counter Reformation and the Catholic Council of Trent. He brings up different scholarly arguments on how to interpret the Reformation. Janz tries us much as he can to stay neutral and give explanations on what the questions are. He therefore, provides documents that hold the ability to place challenges on both viewpoints and supports a study of the texts themselves. In his book, Janz includes opinions explaining the significance of both Martin Luther and John Calvin. This paper is therefore, intended on highlighting the significance of these two individuals and contrasting the opinions contained in writings of each. The significance of Martin Luther Many people wonder why there exists a great fuss over martin Luther and the Protestant reformation. They also don’t understand how and why this German monk turned out to be a lightning rod for change in religion and community in Europe during the Renaissance. Many people also do not comprehend the significance of the circumstances and the importance Luther and his persuade on the Reformation and how it affects them in the present days. Back in 1520 Luther was thought of as an insightful church leader and other thought of him as an ecclesiastical terrorist. His thoughts...
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...THEMES IN U.S. & WORLD HISTORY GKE1 Task 2: Individuals and Institutions as Mechanisms of Social Change Part A Martin Luther was a monk who lived in Wittenberg, Germany. The two most significant changes that he made were challenging Church policies and he sparked the Protestant Reformation, a religious movement. Both of these changes are political and social changes. Luther wrote the “Ninety-Five Theses”, in the Ninety-Five Theses” he listed the reasons why he believed the church was corrupted due to their abuse of power. Luther posted his “Ninety-Five Theses” all around the city and on the church. His “Ninety-Five Theses” reached people and the pope as well. Through this act Luther gained many followers, but he was eventually excommunicated from the church and declared an outlaw. Being excommunicated meant that you would be cut out from contact with the church. If you were declared and outlaw this meant that it was against the law to do any service for Luther. Despite Luther being declared an outlaw, his teachings and ideas lived on. Luther’s work rapidly spread because he was able to use the movable type printing press to create copies of his “Ninety-Five Theses”. As Luther’s “95 Theses” spread, more people began questioning the power of the Church and questioned its policies. This lead to the Protestant Reformation. The Protestant reformation was a time where people decided to stop following church policies and norms. Nuns left their monasteries and convicts. They...
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...World Changers Charla Fernandez Western Governors University World Changers Martin Luther brought about significant social and political change in the sixteenth century, which sparked the Protestant Reformation. “Any attempt to assess Luther’s impact must begin with his redefining of the individual” (Wilson, 2007, p.34). Luther’s personal convictions led him to attack the idea that individuals must go through a repetitive process or to a religious leader to grant them freedom from the wages of sin. He believed that the Bible was the true Word of God and could be read and understood by all people. He placed the Bible as truth above all societal ideology. Luther liberated people to think on their own, to refuse tradition as absolute truth and to research the Bible to draw their own conclusions. People liked his writings and his theology spread widely. Luther espoused that salvation in Christ Jesus was the cure for a guilty conscious or sin. He taught that a mediator between God and man was unnecessary, for each individual could commune with God directly. According to Wilson (2007), Luther translated the Bible into German. This gave the Germans the ability to read, ponder, and come to their own conclusions about how righteousness is obtained. No longer were the people kept in ignorance. Priest, monks and nuns began to abandon the Roman Catholic Church in order to pursue family life. Luther’s teachings lead to the Protestant Reformation. Luther’s followers took the...
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...AnneMarie Franklin-Campbell World History October 9, 2014 The Luther Legacy: Assignment One The article titled The Luther Legacy by Derek Wilson was about the life, mission and impact Martin Luther made throughout Europe in the sixteenth century. Luther was a German monk who left the priesthood and publicly challenged the church with his Ninety-Five Theses. Luther also translated the Bible, the Old and the New Testament into German, which made it more accessible. He wrote letters to the cities throughout Germany to establish schools and to let girls attend. Luther had a great impact on political, social, intellectual, and religious of the Protestant Reformation. He set up a foundation for the way we live today. Luther challenged the Roman...
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...C: What the show will be about: Hello everybody and welcome back to The history show: change in europe, the show that is all about history's greatest events and people. This episode we have to very special guests with us, Leonardo Da Vinci and Isaac Newton. These men are possibly the greatest men alive. We would also have Martin Luther along on this show too, but he is currently out sick. Segment 1: C: Background Info on Renaissance- The Renaissance was a time of great scientific and artistic revolution. This was a time of when many new ideas and philosophies were popping up along with many new inventions. It was also a time of great curiosity which led to great discoveries in many fields of all subjects. It was also a time of great development...
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...Martin Luther changed the course of history by opposing the Roman Catholic Church, and forming the first Protestant Church, the Lutheran Church. He protested against the injustices the Catholic clergy and the pope were making against the poor believers of Europe. Without Martin Luther, the Protestant Church, with its estimated 800 million members, would not exist. Martin Luther was born on November 10th, 1483, in Eisleben, in the Holy Roman Empire. He was born to Hans and Margarethe Luther. He was a German, who became a priest, hymn-writer, and founder of the Lutheran Church. Hans Luther wanted Martin to have a successful life and be a lawyer, so he enrolled him in schools in Mansfield, Magdeburg, and Eisenach. Martin also enrolled at...
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...Interpretive Essay The Reformation During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church was full of corruption and blasphemy that was criticized by many in Europe. One of the many acts of corruption that occurred during this time was the selling of indulgences by the church which basically freed people of sins and bought salvation after death. Although many people bought these indulgences and followed the words of the Pope, Martin Luther was not one of these people. Martin Luther was a very dedicated and educated monk who taught at the University of Wittenberg. His deep concern for the church led him to write the Ninety- Five These which simply stated ninety- five points of debate against the actions of the Catholic Church at the time. He posted these arguments in Latin on the Castle Church in Wittenberg on October 31, 1517 with the intention of keeping the issues within the hands of the church officials and holding a lively debate with his colleagues. Martin Luther had no idea at the time that this piece of writing would end up being the catalyst to the entire Protestant Reformation. This is due to the fact that although the Ninety- Five These is written about indulgencies, it provides overall commentary about the true fairness and power of the church along with what should be done by the church. One of the main points made within the Ninety- Five These is the worthlessness of indulgencies. Indulgencies promised people salvation and forgiveness of sin if bought but, Luther heavily emphasizes...
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