...Global Strategy… In a World of Nations? (summary) Nomin-Erdene Ganbat / 甘諾敏 , A3140418 Companies are looking for a way to globalize by connecting their strategy which fit worlwide. This process is called multinational model or multidomestic strategy, which may be succesful than multidomestic strategy. In order to globalize, companies need to expand their market participation and choose a best way to develop their integrated worldwide strategy. Thus, there are three steps: Develop core business strategy, Intgernationalize the strategy and, Globalize the strategy.But most multinational companies follow the first two steps than the last step because of differences in each countries. Global strategy levers have five dimensions which include: Market participation, Product offering, Lacation of Value-Added activities, Marketing approach and Competitive moves. These steps are developed under a pure multidomestic strategy and a pure global strategy. From the cost reduction, improved quality of products and programs, enhanced customer preference and, increased competitive leverage companies can have benefits. Unfortunately, each global strategy lever has failing and they are market participation,product stardardization, activity concentration, uniform marketing and integrated competitive moves. In order to achieve profitable...
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...To what extent do organizations like the IMF, WTO, and World Bank challenge the nation state’s ability to shape domestic economic and social policy? The World Trade Organization welcomed with open arms Russia in 2012. This would open up trade possibilities for many countries in Asia, Europe and even the US. Some US companies, like Caterpillar, are already exporting a substantial amount to Russia. However, many in Congress do not want to grant Russia permanent normal trade status because of the way Russia has handled many political situations. As Andrew Kramer brought out in his NY Times article, “Congress has balked at the Obama administration’s request to grant Russia permanent normal trade relation status”. This could lead to retaliation by Russia against US companies by applying higher tariffs on their imported goods. According to Mr. Kramer’s article, the US company Caterpillar has sold 2 billion dollars worth of equipment to Russia in the last 5 years. However, President Obama’s administration, as well as his predecessors, has pushed to open up more trade with Russia. The WTO requires that all member nations have applied the same trade rules. Therefore, since the US is the largest financial contributor to the WTO, it would seem to be expected that it would play by the rules. So the WTO certainly has an effect on how the US constructs it trade policy with Russia. The pressure from inside the country, especially from those who think that Congress’ inaction could cost US...
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...Globalization started after World War II but has accelerated considerably since the mid-1980s, driven by two main factors. One involves technological advances that have lowered the costs of transportation, communication, and computation to the extent that it is often economically feasible for a firm to locate different phases of production in different countries. The other factor has to do with the increasing liberalization of trade and capital markets: more and more governments are refusing to protect their economies from foreign competition or influence through import tariffs and nontariff barriers such as import quotas, export restraints, and legal prohibitions. A number of international institutions established in the wake of World War II—including the World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), succeeded in 1995 by the World Trade Organization (WTO)—have played an 66 important role in promoting free trade in place of protectionism. Empirical evidence suggests that globalization has significantly boosted economic growth in East Asian economies such as Hong Kong (China), the Republic of Korea, and Singapore. But not all developing countries are equally engaged in globalization or in a position to benefit from it. In fact, except for most countries in East Asia and some in Latin America, developing countries have been rather slow to integrate with the world economy. The share of SubSaharan Africa in world trade has declined continuously...
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...Given the relative weakness of the 16th century Europe, how do we account for the fact that European nations came to dominate most of the world by the end of the 19th century? In the 16th century, majority of the population in Europe was living in poverty. Europe paled in comparison to the great empires of the Ming, Ottoman and Mughal. Though Portuguese and Spanish represented Europe civilization to set sail and explore new lands in search of new settlements and viable trade routes, the Chinese empire lead an expedition of a massive scale larger than ever known earlier than that time with a different motive. Such expeditions imply these major empires could be suitable candidates for world domination. However, they became insignificant in the world politics arena due to internal declines and isolation. Strong and impregnable as they seem, these great empires had their weaknesses and suffered downfalls due to inefficient government and inadequate resources. The Ottoman Empire has expanded beyond what its resources could sustain. Coupled with widespread corruption and incompetent leadership, the empire’s armies suffered and became vulnerable to its Christian and nomadic rivals. The Mughal empire leader Aurangzeb, expanded his empire in name of purifying Islam hence weakening alliances with Hindu princes and disrupted the already fragmented social order. With focused expansion of territory using obsolete armies and tactics, the empire was drained of its wealth and fell when civil...
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...1Chapter 1Topic 1 | Dell’s Globalization of Business Dell, Inc. the largest direct sale computer vendor in the world, selling servers, desktops, laptops, workstations, printers, monitors, storage solutions, and other computer peripherals. Since its inception in 1984 Dell was a pure hardware vendor for much of its existence, but with the acquisition in 2009 of Perot Systems, it entered the market for IT services. With a unique business model for computer vendor industry named “build-to-order” or direct sales philosophy, Dell expanded its footprints as one of the most successful global company. Using the most advance technologies with the benefit of globalization, Dell built its competitive advantage as a low cost provider of customized product offerings. To capture the advantage of low cost production, in 1994 Dell enthusiastically moved to the use of Internet to coordinate and control its globally dispersed production system. It was so efficient that now it holds only three days’ worth of inventory at its assembly locations. This advancement in reducing inventory cost to a minimum level was not possible unless company use Microprocessor and Internet. Dell’s Internet-based system records orders for computer equipment as customers submit them via the company’s Web site, then immediately transmits the resulting orders for components to various suppliers around the world, which have a real-time look at Dell’s order flow and can adjust their production schedules accordingly. Besides...
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...The World Trade Organization has not produced efficient results to stabilize developing 3rd world countries and have demonized developed nations by regulating them in order to help undeveloped nations. Globalization and the World Trade Organization are connected because globalization is done through the growth of free or less restricted trading in goods, services, technology, and capital. Now with that being the case, the developed countries have less restricted markets to trade goods, they have more advanced technology, and most significantly they have a tremendous amount more capital. The World Trade Organization was initially designed in order help developing nations fight off the regulations such as trade barriers and subsidies which are linked to the concerns about the unfair nature of trading rules and the non existence of level playing fields which burden the developing nations. The World Trade Organization has only further burdened nations that actually benefit from globalization for instance China. The WTO has enforced policies that have restricted the role of private businesses in China’s economic development. Unfortunately for developing nations the minor enforcements from the WTO on developed nations has really hurt the developing nations because the WTO has not prevented ambiguous rules on concluding trade agreements that allow the developing nations to be manipulated by the rich states. Africa has been forced to remove tariffs on up to 90% of their trade because...
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...people with diverse ideas and opinions. I, myself, was part of one of these groups. However, my clique inter-mingled with others as we exchanged our ideas, opinions, and experiences. There were some various cliques that did the same; as they did not isolate themselves from the rest of high school life. However, there were also other kinds of groups which committed themselves to their group solely, isolating themselves from everyone else. Now, let’s take these cliques and groups and turn them into full-scale nations. The high school, in turn, becomes the world. The cliques that stayed isolated would be classified under the term, localization. The people that intertwined with others would be classified under the term, globalization. There are advantages and disadvantages to both globalization and localization. Globalization encourages going beyond territorial boundaries to discover new political, economic, and social aspects that would benefit the citizens and the nation. Politically, globalization supports developments that expand authority, policies, and interests beyond these boundaries. Governments now will look to foreign governments for assistance if they are facing a difficult situation. Governments will also incorporate foreign political ideas into their own government in order to solve an ongoing problem that they have, that the other does not. One example of globalization in the political sense is the formation of the European Union; this can be exhibited further through...
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...The United Nations is an organization that was built directly out of the ashes of World War II. After witnessing mass genocide of various groups of people by Nazi Germany and the rest of the Axis powers, the Allies met and determined that change needed to occur immediately. By the end of the meeting, the Allied leaders concluded that the solution to their problem was to form a brand new worldwide organization. This organization was planned to include representatives from all over the world and the representatives would come together to work out all global issues. The name of the group was to be called the United Nations and all of the plans for it was laid out in a document called the United Nations Charter. The organization was officially...
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...Politics and Economics of the Third World viz a viz Theories of Development Student’s Name: Course: Tutor’s Name: 17/05/2013 Outline i. Abstract ii. Introduction iii. Literature Review iv. Method of Analysis v. Analysis vi. Conclusion vii. Works Cited Abstract This paper analyzes the politics and economics of the third world. It seeks to provide information about development and the steps that countries in the developing world ought to follow in order to attain economic development and growth. The rationale is that the countries in the developing world have continued to experience challenges that hinder growth. This study will use theoretical models of development and discuss various aspects of development and politics in the third world. Keys Words: Third World Development; Modernization; Globalization; Global South Introduction Various theories propose ways through which a developing country can achieve economic growth while at the same time attaining development. This has precipitated politics in the global south. This paper seeks to explore various development theories proposed by various authors. Besides, the paper will explore elements of economics that are pertinent to the third world countries. This is in recognition of the fact that many countries in the third world still grapple with poverty and slow economic development. From Immanuel Wallerstein to Rostow, the paper will...
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...Poverty and Pollution – Case Study Third world countries are those which are poorer in standard of living and underdeveloped counties of the world. Third World nations are mostly located in Africa, Asia and South America absorbing the adverse conditions of poverty and pollution, the developed nations primarily differ from the developing nations in terms of political and economic rather than geographic. These developing or underdeveloped countries often struggle with population growth, poverty, famines, malnutrition, unsafe water supplies and wars while the residents in these countries are now experiencing the consequences of air, water and land pollution. In under developed countries, governments are often overthrown by military rebellions or are led by dictators. Pollution in many third world nations is unchecked and unrestricted. These countries suffer due to the poor environmental conditions. And the government continues to neglect countless other problems in these nations. Formation and enforcement of regulations related to environmental conditions would be catastrophic for a nation which is so much buried under the condition of poverty. So these countries have very limited choices such as either have basic needs to live or have healthy environment. If the choice is given this way, what would any one choose in countries that don’t have other options to consider? People choose to have needs instead of the environment because it consists of basic human needs such as food...
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...The United Nations and Their Current Role in International Law Our stability as a western nation is often taken for granted as we have become accustom to freedoms. Unfortunately these freedoms are not prevalent in all areas of the world. The United Nations strives to bridge the gap between developed and developing nations as each strives to create a more peaceful and prosperous world. The concept of the United Nations if not the first of our time, the League of Nations was created post World War One to try and prevent another catastrophic conflict. As we all know the League failed and the ensuing massacre of World War Two warranted a stronger and more comprehensive intergovernmental organization. This would lead to the creation of the United Nations. Though the UN has stood the test of time it does have its critics who question the effectiveness of the organizations ability to respond swiftly or appropriately to global crises. From the perspective of international law the United Nations works to create new laws and agreements in counties addressing issues in a global context; i.e. terrorism, nuclear weapons, boarder disputes etc. The UN also facilitates the International Court of Justice which aims to solve disputes between nations. The International Criminal court is another international court system that aims to hold individuals who commit war crimes or other significant international crimes responsible for their actions. The United Nations, International Court...
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...Study Material PDF 2015 List of Committees & Organization Reports(Jan – Nov) Committee Name Report Title Committee Head Shantha Kumar Panel Law Commission of India Law Commission of India Non-governmental organizations Controller-General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks (CGPDTM) Brand Finance Report on FCI restructuring Report on electoral reforms Report on Death Penalty Lion Census report 2015 Shanta Kumar Justice DK Jain Justice DK Jain Shri Ashok Gajapathi Raju and Dr. Mahesh Sharma Indian Civil Aviation: At the Cusp of Taking off Forbes Annual list of the richest Indians Monitoring of Pesticide Residues Report on Delhi MLA’s salary package TechSci Research Report Report on Bankruptcy Law Reforms Top Secret Doping: How Russia makes its Winners” To suggest reforms to the Joint Entrance Examination (JEE). Report dealt with shell companies and beneficial ownership. Report on Innovation submitted its report recommending private funding for R&D Report on illegal migrants from Bangladesh Union Ministry of Agriculture Achary Panel ASSOCHAM Dr T K Viswanathan Committee Independent commission (IC) Committee of Eminent Persons on JEE Justice MB Shah-headed SIT on Black Money NITI Aayog panel Upamanyu Hazarika Commission Annual report on Patent filing in India Most valuable brand in India 100 Report Follow Us - FB.com/AffairsCloudOfficialPage PDT Achary Dr T K Viswanathan Richard W...
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...Chapter 12: Power Violence, & Crime Thomas Hobbes’ theory on state? Believed that society must establish a powerful “Leviathan”—the state –in order to curb the savage instincts of human beings. Negative view of human nature. A nature that must be controlled by the state if anarchy is to be prevented. The difference between assassination and murder? Assassination is the murder of a prominent person or political figure by a surprise attack, usually for payment or political reasons. Murder: The unlawful killing of one human by another, especially with premeditated malice. The difference between serious crimes and misdemeanors, and provide some examples? Serious crimes are committed and reported to police per one hundred thousand people –murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, and etc. Prison time with serious crimes. Misdemeanors are f you have been charged with a misdemeanor, you will have been given a citation prepared by a police officer, or a complaint prepared by a prosecutor. The citation or complaint includes a short statement of the offense with which you are charged, and states whether the offense is an infraction, a misdemeanor, or a felony. Jail with misdemeanors. Describe the Federal policy on war on drugs? Federal antidrug policy should be normal “unbold” can be divided into three categories: interdiction, enforcement, and education. Describe three requirements for crime deterrence? If law...
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...Karim Hall Abstract The World Health Organization also known by its abbreviation (WHO) it is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that is concerns itself with international public health. The World Health Organization being a international organization in over 61 different countries that the United Nations help maintain international peace which is one the great and overachieving organizations in the world today. To talk about this organization you have to an understanding in united health care. With this type of organizations branches in so many countries it comes to a key factor in public health in countries that fall under the United Nations constitution. For an organization to hold such a leading role in these countries they hold ties with many other organizations such as United Nations Development Group and the League of Nations. World Health Organization The World Health Organization was first established on April 7th 1948, with its main headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. Geneva is a very global city, a financial center, and worldwide center for diplomacy due to the account of many numerous international organizations, including the headquarters of many of the agencies of the United Nations and the Red Cross. The United Nations also known as the (UN) was founded in 1945 after World War II came to an end and was created to replace the League of Nations after the League of Nations failed to prevent World War II. (Christian, Tomuschat 1995) It main...
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...The Role of Women in Developing Nations Development has evolved over time, from referring to improving the way of life to expanding freedoms and quality of life as a human being. Development is the right to choose a fulfilling and successful life. It can refer to several societies and areas as developed or developing. Well-developed nations are considered under the idea that many of the individuals possess many of the human rights, such as high literacy rates, high life expectancies, and good health programs. Many developing nations lack the resources needed to support health programs and educational programs. Though there are many challenges facing development, the most important is the mistreatment. Women make up half of the world’s population and they are mistreated and abused in many developing nations. Much of the time, they do not have rights and are controlled by men. In many developed countries around the world, successful government, increases in profit, and community expansion are sought and conquered by women leaders. Development is slowed in some countries due to the leaders and citizens rejecting change and holding on to tradition (Payne and Nassar). Eliminating exercises such as infanticide, female genital mutilation, and honor killings, these nations could rise above poverty and death and join the developed and successful nations of the world. Women can add so much to a community, so developing countries need to start including them to create better-developed...
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