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Courtney Wilson
Phy3300 Wednesday Advanced labs
Cloud Chamber

Today in class we made cloud chambers. Cloud chambers are inexpensive apparatuses used to detected and visually see the path that some or these particles take when passing through the atmosphere. Also, if you have the right tools you can see how certain objects create and alter the path of alpha particles. We began the class by creating our own Cloud Chambers. The way cloud chambers work is simple. Cloud Chambers were used to detect ionization particles. Cloud Chambers are sealed environments with super saturated liquid such as water or alcohol. The liquid is allowed to vaporize in the chamber. This vapor forms a mist in the sealed chamber. Any cosmic particle, such as a alpha or beta particle, ionizes the mist and forms a ionized nuclei. This nuclei form causes the mist to condense around it and form a cloud. For our chambers we used donated peanut butter jars that were cleaned out. These jars had felt stickers placed along the inside of the jar at the bottom and also on the top ¼ of the jars. These jars did not have the standard plastic lid. Those the lids were replaced with mason jar lids. The tops of the mason jars were also covered with felt as well. We also had Styrofoam molds shaped to fit the top of the peanut mason jars. Next Dr. He, our professor and supervisor, got dry ice and crushed it. We had a few sheets of tin foil. The last thing we got was either 100% or 200% alcohol. We began making our cloud chambers by cleaning out the mason jars and drying the insides. Afterwards Dr. He filled the jars with the alcohol to a level he felt would be necessary to make the chambers with. We gyrated the jars and allowed the felt insides to become saturated with the alcohol. Upon completed the saturation of the felt, we placed the foil over the lids and molded it to fit over the cover and top of the mason peanut butter jar. We were trying to make a makeshift seal to not allow any of the vapor or liquid to escape the jar. Next the dry ice was added to our Styrofoam molds. We placed our sealed jars in the molds so that the lids compacted the ice into the mold. The lids of the jars not became super cooled. We left the jars upside down in the molds while applying a small amount of pressure to the bottom of the jars by pressing downward on them. After a few minutes and some adjustments to the amount of alcohol and dry ice we were using, we were able to create our cloud chamber. The chamber was relatively small and not everyone saw particles get detected, but we were able to build the chamber correctly. While we were working on our chambers, Dr. He made his own, slightly more elaborate chamber. By elaborate, I do mean larger and better constructed. His chamber was better sealed in a way as well. After making his chamber with similar components and methods to how we made ours, we let it sit and allowed the chambers conditions to settle. We witnessed cosmic radiation a lot easy in Dr. He’s chamber than we did our own. Small clouds of similar shapes repeatedly formed periodically. After witnessing normal cosmic ration Dr. He added more variables to his chamber. The first was a strong magnet. The strong magnet caused the mist to move in specific, forced, and controlled patterns. It also seemed to deflect some of the alpha particles in the chamber. The next thing was a disk shaped magnet of some sort. This device actually drew in radiation. A large amount of clouds formed around the magnet and could be seen flowing toward the magnet. The paths were in a small radius around the magnet. It seemed to draw them in pretty easily. Next Uranium beads were added next. The Uranium beads created and emitted alpha particles. Three were placed in the chamber. Along with the magnets, we saw a significant increase in the number of clouds formed. The beads gave off a concerning amount of radiation. Overall the class was fun and I enjoyed it. We learned a lot about the cosmic radiation present around us.

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