and Acid-Base Balance Introduction Under normal conditions, physiologic and metabolic processes in the human body require specific and constant conditions for relevant reactions or mechanisms to occur. One of the most important factors that influence reactions and/or metabolic processes is the pH for the system or environment. The end product of most of the metabolic processes of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins is the production of acids ( organic acids, volatile acids and fixed acids). These
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Buffer solutions and common ion effect A buffer solution resists (or buffers) a change in its pH. That is, we can add a small amount of an acid or base to a buffer solution and the pH will change very little. How to calculate pH of buffer solution containing both acid and conjugate base? Dissociation constant definition 1.1 can be rearranged into [pic] or [pic] (note that due to sign change [A-] was moved to nominator). This is so called Henderson-Hasselbalch equation (or buffer equation)
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the importance of maintaining the pool. Chlorination: Chlorination in pools is the most common form of disinfection for swimming pools. Pools are chlorinated because chlorine is extremely effective of killing bacteria. In the form of hypochlorous acid, chlorine kills bacteria by attacking the cell walls and destroying the cell itself. There are several ways to introduce chlorine into the pool. These include: tablets, powdered chlorine, or a salt chlorine generator which converts table salt into
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and other various bodily fluids, and is formed from ammonia in the kidney and liver. Ammonia is produced through the breakdown of proteins during tissue metabolism. Metabolic reactions that take place within the body can produce a surplus of amino acids of which can be converted into the waste product otherwise known as urea through the process of deamination in the liver. Proteins obtained through an
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pH Measurement and Buffer Preparation Quilao, M.H., Regua, R., Reinoso, L.A., Rojas, K.J., Sabalberino, E.M. Abstract In this experiment, phosphate buffer solution was prepared and the pH of the buffer and samples were determined through different liquid indicators and the pH meter. Also, the buffer capacity of the prepared buffer solution was calculated. The group was tasked to prepare a 250 mL phosphate buffer solution of pH 8.0 using dihydrogen phosphate ion (H2PO4) and primary sodium
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This buffer consists of weak acid H2CO3 (pK1 = 6,1) and conjugated base HCO3- (bicarbonate). Protein buffers Body proteins (plasma proteins and intracellular) are the most abundant and the most powerful buffer system in whole organism. Some amino acids have acid or basic side chains (His, Lys, Arg, Glu, Asp). Among blood proteins haemoglobin is the most important. It provides 35 % of buffering capacity of blood, remaining proteins provide only 7 %. Phosphate buffer Phosphate buffer consists
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Introduction to Acids and Bases Why? Is water an acid, a base, neither, or both? There are three different ways to define a substance as an acid or base. One definition is based on the ions found in a compound (Arrhenius), another is based on how a compound behaves when added to water (Bronsted-Lowry), and a third is based on how a molecule reacts with other molecules (Lewis). These definitions address different behaviors of compounds and explain how seemingly different compounds can be classified
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Which of the following people would be most severely affected by prolonged vomiting? a. 3-year-old male b. 15-year-old male c. 35-year-old male d. 35-year-old female e. 50-year-old male 3-year-old male Extracellular fluid has a higher sodium content than intracellular fluid. The predominant intracellular cation is potassium. The predominant extracellular cation is sodium Which of the following fluid compartments contains the largest volume of water? a. plasma b. interstitial
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Arrhenius concept, if [pic]were dissolved in water, it would act as A) a base. B) an acid. C) a source of hydroxide ions. D) a source of H- ions. E) a proton acceptor. Answer: B 2) The name given to an aqueous solution of HBr is A) hydrogen bromide. B) hydrobromic acid. C) bromic acid. D) bromous acid. E) hypobromous acid. Answer: B 3) Which one of the following is characteristic of a base? A) produces [pic]in water B) has a sour taste C) has a slippery, soapy
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Acids, Bases, PH Introduction. This experiment helped to understand difference between acid and base and there PH levels. We learned how to identify buffer. Buffer is substances that resist changes in PH when acid or base is added to solution. Also we learned that water is neutral. Its mean that water has an equal concentration of H and OH. PH number of water is 7. Acid’s PH numbers less than 7. Bases’ PH number
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