I. Answer 1. What do you know about proteins? Proteins are important molecules in cells, is one macromolecule organic. They are compound of large amino acid chains and distingue of the rest of the macromolecule by containing Nitrogen; they are involucre in the many processes of the organism, such as: the formation of membranes of the cells (structure), bioregulation (enzymes) and defense (antibodies). The structure three-dimensional and specific function of proteins this defined by the sequence
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In this lab, we were trying to identify certain macromolecules commonly found in food and other substances. These macromolecules were carbohydrates(both simple and complex), proteins, and lipids. Carbohydrates are a simple, short-term source of energy, and they are used in making cell structures. Carbohydrates are made up of monomers(which are comprised of single molecules) called monosaccharides. Monosaccharides include glucose, sucrose, and galactose. Two monosaccharides can be combined by removing
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Biology 119, Spring 2015 Review sheet for Exam 1 The exam is worth 100 points total. It will consist of approximately 47 multiple-choice questions worth 2 point each and 3-4 short essay questions. Bring a scantron and pencil to the exam. The best way to study is to review the posted lecture notes. I suggest printing of a blank copy and filling them in referring to your book and notes as little as possible. Continue this process until you can fill them in without assistance. Exam 1 will cover
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textbook and virtual library resources, fill in the following table: Animal Cell Number Cell Structure Description and Function 1 Chromatin (DNA) The primary functions are to package DNA into a smaller volume to fit the cell, to enforce DNA macromolecule to allow mitosis, to prevent DNA damage, and to control gene expression and DNA replications 2 Nucleolus The largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells where it primarily serves as the site of ribosome synthesis and assembly. 3 Nucleus
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Chemistry of Life Matter is anything that occupies space. Matter is made of one or more elements. An element is the most pure form of matter. Elements are made of atoms. There are 111 elements and of these 92 are naturally occurring. Essential Elements About 25 elements are essential to life. These are called ‘essential elements’. 4 essential elements make up 96% of the human body. These are O, C, H and N. The other elements account for the remaining 4%. Trace Elements Certain elements
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Discuss the different processes of cellular exchange, with NAMED examples. Nucleus is at the centre of the cell, it has coded instruction that enables it to make specific protein; this is how ribosomes are made here. This is bounded by a double membrane; the cytoplasm is like material within the nucleus this is called the nucleplasm (Rowland, as biology, 2008). The nucleus stores, replicates and decodes DNA. , which gives each cell it unique characteristics; this means liver cells are is different
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Review Biology Test #1 Chapter 3: Water and life • Polar covalent bonds in water result in Hydrogen bonding between the molecules. These bonds give water its special properties • In presence of water, ionic bonds are weak and covalent bonds are strong. Without water, ionic bonds are stronger. • Each water molecule can make 4 hydrogen bonds. • Water properties: 1. Polarity 2. Surface tension 3. Cohesion 4. Adhesion 5. Capilarity 6. High specific heat 7. Heat bank 8. Heat of vaporization
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Phosphoryl group transfers and ATP; * Free-energy change for hydrolysis of ATP and other phosphorylated compounds and thioesters. * Role of ATP: phosphorylation, * pyrophosphorylation and adenylation, * assembly of informational macromolecules, * active transport and muscle contraction. * Biological oxidation-reduction reactions; * flow of electrons * dehydrogenations * redox potentials * electron carriers * dehydrogenases * Nature
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sacs -FUNCTIONS: modifies products of ER (ex. Add sugars on the glycoprotein created by ER), manufactures certain macromolecules, sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles specifies location. f. LYSOSOMES: -membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes -FUNCTION: hydrolyze proteins, fats, polysaccharides, nucleic acids; uses enzymes to recycle organelles & macromolecules
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Macroscopic physical properties such as melting and boiling points depend on the strengths of the forces which hold microscopic particles together. In the case of molecules whose atoms are connected by covalent bonds, such intermolecular forces may be of three types. All molecules are attracted together by weak London forces. These depend on instantaneous polarization and increase in strength with the size of the molecular electron cloud. When a molecule contains atoms whose electronegativities differ
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