...Diabetes is a national health problem in the African American population. The incidence of type II diabetes have greatly increased in the United States Individuals with diabetes have high rates of other comorbidities including cardiovascular disease and kidney damage. People with substance abuse and diabetes have a particular higher risk for developing medical comorbidities and hospital readmissions. Diabetic patients with substance abuse have been found to have more adverse outcome and poor adherence to diabetes care than those without substance use disorder. The relationships between substance use and diabetes have a major impact on health, people often use drugs without much thought despite the risk; for those with diabetes the use of substances have a greater health risk Several studies that mentioned illicit drug use have suggested the use of substance abuse could bring forward the onset of type II diabetes. The key messages about substance use and diabetes are the risk of hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which are medical emergencies (Stryker, Duncan & Pickering, 2003). As DNPs it’s important that we become knowledgeable about unhealthy drinking done by adult with diabetes and familiarized with the interaction between anti-diabetic agents and illicit or recreation drugs. Engaging poorly controlled diabetes patients in management of their diabetes remain a challenge, not only do these individuals are less likely to adhere to their diabetic care; they...
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...of diagnosed diabetes among adults aged 18-79 years, United States, 1980-2014. (2015, December 01). Retrieved June 11, 2017, from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/incidence/fig1.htm Aronson, R., Reznik, Y., Conget, I., Castañeda, J. A., Runzis, S., Lee, S. W., the OpT2mise Study Group. (2016). Sustained efficacy of insulin pump therapy compared with multiple daily injections in type 2 diabetes: 12‐month data from the OpT2mise randomized trial. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, 18(5), 500–507. http://doi.org/10.1111/dom.12642 Bolderman, K. M. (2013). Putting your patients on the pump. Alexandria, VA: American Diabetes Association. DeVries J.H., Snock F.J., Kostense P. J., Masurel N., Heine R. J.(2002). A randomized trial of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and intensive injection therapy in type 1 diabetics for patients with...
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...XXXXXX XXXX Biology 101 15 September 2014 Writing Assignment 1 1. Scientific Method Step 1: Make Observations. A researcher notices that people who drink coffee are at a lower risk of having type 2 diabetes. They wonder if it is because of the caffeine that is inside of the coffee that is responsible for this. Step 2: Propose a hypothesis to explain observation. The researcher hypothesizes that the caffeine inside of coffee reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes. Step 3: Test the hypothesis with further observations or experiments. The researcher sets up an experiment in the lab with two groups of mice (one of 11 and the other of 10). The group of 11 mice are given water and the other group of 10 mice are given diluted black coffee. The experiment is conducted over a five week period. The diets and living conditions are the same for both groups of mice. Blood glucose was monitored and logged each week for all mice. Step 4: Analyze data. After five weeks of the experiment, the researcher realized that there was no significant change in body weight for the mice in each group. The mice that drank water had a significant increase in blood glucose concentrations compared to the mice that drank diluted coffee. The mice that drank the diluted coffee had a 30 percent decrease in blood glucose concentrations compared to the mice that drank water. Step 5: State conclusions about hypothesis based on data analysis. The researcher concludes that the test subjects...
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...How to control complication of type 2 Diabetes Palakkumar Patel Monroe College Abstract This paper is presenting about how to control complication of type 2 diabetes. In the USA 90% of diabetes patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. In every year lots of patients going to die due to type 2 diabetes complication. In previous studies review is presenting about due to type 2 diabetes so many complications are occurring in different part of the body and some study is presenting about due to health education we can reduce the problem in community. By doing heath education, continues health check up and doing some personal health counseling about diet and personal lifestyles.in school health education also effect on child on diet personal life styles. How to control complication of type 2 Diabetes Chapter 1: Introduction Diabetes is a leading cause of adult-onset blindness, kidney failure, and non traumatic limb amputations; significantly higher risk for coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke, and they have a hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity; Diabetes is a the seventh leading cause of death in the United States (1). USA is expending $245 billion annually for health care expenditures and productivity losses and is a leading driver of growing Medicare expenditures for controlling glucose levels, blood pressure (BP), and lipid levels and avoiding tobacco, singularly or in combination, reduce the incidence of costly and disabling micro- and...
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... 13 References 15 Appendix: Table 18 Improving Compliance to Treatment Plan in DM Patients INTRODUCTION The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2011) identified diabetes mellitus (DM) as a major public health disorder in the United States that results in one’s shortage of insulin or one’s inability to utilize insulin. As the insulin hormone is necessary for the conversion of glucose to energy in somatic cells, ineffective insulin activity in DM causes increased glucose residues in the blood, which tends to harm organs (CDC, 2011). The CDC (2011) has identified three primary types of DM: (a) Type 1 DM results from an inability to generate insulin in the body due to...
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...Gastric Bypass and Diabetes Literature Research Shayne Howard Grand Canyon University: NRS-433V Introduction to Nursing Research 03/19/2016 Introduction Diabetes is one of the most deadly diseases known to man. That is a bold statement but when you consider that a big percentage of the other most deadly diseases like heart disease, kidney failure and strokes can be caused by diabetes then it puts it in to perspective. Diabetes causes many health problems besides these as well. The complications associated with diabetes are numerous but include neuropathy, blindness, amputation, impotency, depression and cognitive decline just to name a few. Some of these complications are inevitable but they can be avoided or at least prevented for an amount of time with proper diet and exercise or following a medication regimen. For some however the disease hits too hard too fast or because of physical restraints exercise is not a viable option. For these patients a surgical option such as weight loss surgery may be their only recourse. There are 4 major types of weight loss surgery that can be used to treat morbid obesity and in turn diabetes. There are the Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass, the Gastric sleeve, Gastric banding, and the Duodenal switch. The most popular for mild weight loss is the gastric band in which an adjustable band is place around the stomach limiting the size and thereby limiting the amount of food intake. This is less invasive and reversible but also less effective overall...
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...Type 2 Diabetes - Signs and Symptoms Diabetes Mellitus more commonly known as Type 2 Diabetes is a long-term disorder due to high levels of blood sugar, the body’s resistance to insulin or the pancreas not producing insulin. Insulin is a hormone which transports sugar from the blood stream to the cells and is crucial to our day-to-day functioning. Almost 90% of diabetes cases are Type 2 Diabetes with the remaining 10% being Type 1 or Gestational Diabetes. Short-Term Signs and Symptoms Type 2 Diabetes develops slowly over a number of years and sometimes it is difficult to notice its signs and symptoms. In fact, detection often done during a routine blood test. We have below a list of key signs and symptoms which should make early detection...
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...Effects of Exercise on Diabetes Exercise in the Treatment and Prevention of Diabetes Western Governors University Abstract Article Larose J; Sigal RJ; Khandwala F; Prud'homme D; Boulé NG; Kenny GP. (2011 January). Associations between Physical Fitness and Glucosylated Hemoglobin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetologia, 54(1), 93-102. Retrieved May 17, 2012, from MEDLINE database. 20953579 Background Information Exercise and physical activity has shown to be a significant factor in the management and treatment of diabetes. What is unknown is how benefits from physical activity directly correlate to glucose control as manifested in low glucosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in diabetic people. The study aims to prove that the decrease in HbA1c is a result of greater aerobic fitness and strength in patients that are performing aerobic or anaerobic exercise. Secondly, it is related to the changes in strength and aerobic fitness that are performing cardiovascular exercise and resistance training. Review of Literature The purpose of the article is to assess the correlation of reduced HbA1c to physical activity. It is hypothesized that this reduction is related to the changes and increase in aerobic fitness and strength in diabetic people who are engaged in aerobic and anaerobic exercise. The result from the study showed that the link between the changes in glucose control during exercise training is not that high nevertheless; physical activity...
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...Gender Differences in the Control of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes A Cross-Sectional Study 1. Study Design Used and Study Objectives/Hypothesis. The study design is used appropriately to answer the research. This cross sectional study was created to assess whether sex differences exist in effective control of cardiovascular risk factors among patients who have diabetes 2. 2. What are the main Exposure Variable(s) and Outcomes Variable(s), procedures for measurement, instruments used and validity of the exposure measurement(s). For the purpose of this study particular study, the exposure is the type 2 diabetes and the outcome is the cardiovascular disease risk factors. The instruments used were levels of HbA1C, systolic and diastolic pressure (SBP, DBP), LDL-cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides (TG). There is indeed validity because they were able to measure whether sex differences exist in effective control of cardiovascular risk factors, and found out that women...
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...Diabetes in the Youth: Epidemiology Paper May 2, 2016 University of Phoenix NUR/408 Diabetes in the Youth: Epidemiology Paper Diabetes has become a serious issue in our youth, even though the mortality rates have decreased over the years the rate is still too high. According to the CDC (2012), From 1968–1969 to 2008–2009, the death rate from diabetes among youths under the of 19 decreased 61%, from 2.69 per million to 1.05 per million. The death rate among youths under 10 years of age decreased 78%, from 1.80 per million to 0.39 per million, and the death rate among youths aged 10–19 years decreased 52%, from 3.56 per million to 1.71 per million (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2012). The seriousness of these statistics shows that diabetes is disease requiring significant attention in the youth population. Epidemiological studies are needed in order to direct healthcare in the youth population and to provide effective interventions designed to reduce the prevalence and incidence rates of diabetes amongst our youth. Definition and Purpose of Study The purpose of epidemiology is to study disease and as a tool of community health it performs this function through a series of steps: 1. Search for determinants – A search for causes and factors that influence public health such as disease or high risk behaviors such as drug use. 2. Study of events- Health-related states or events need to be studied such as chronic diseases, injuries, birth defects, maternal-child...
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...Diabetics Case Study Diabetes is of high incidence in the United States affecting children and adults of different ethnics groups and levels of education. Today we will discuss Diabetes, management, factors that interfere with its Control and the complication. The challenges of Mr. Reyes diabetes control and how this affects the family. Education to the public on prevention of diabetes by weight management and exercise is Imperative at an early age. Diabetes is a manageable disease which we can learn to live with it in order to control it. According to the ADA, nearly 26 million children and adults are living with diabetes, and another 79 million are at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes; even more alarming data suggests that by 2050, as many as one in three American adults will develop diabetes (“Cabot Creamery Cooperative Offers 5-Day Menu Planner for American Diabetes Month,” 2011, Para 1.). According to the CDC, the United States incurred an estimated $174 billion in direct and indirect medical costs related to diabetes in 2007(“Diabetes: Affects 25.8 million,” 2011, P. 26). "These statistics paint a disturbing picture for Americans in the near future," said Cabot Registered Dietitian Regan Jones, "but fortunately, there is still time to act. (“Cabot Creamery Cooperative Offers 5-Day Menu Planner for American Diabetes Month,” 2011, Para 2.). Education and a responsible diet may prevent some instances of type 2 diabetes from ever occurring, and for those already...
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...Police Suicide Rates and Gastric Bypass Cures Type II Diabetes Stacey Davis RES/351 November 03, 2015 Evie Einstein Police Suicide and Gastric Bypass During the process of a university library search for articles to utilize during the stages of the research process paper, a couple of interesting articles surfaced. These article are completely unrelated and of varying tones and subject matters. The two research articles deal with police suicide rates and gastric bypass surgery curing type II diabetes. These articles go through examination to practice identifying the critical first stage of developing a research study. In the article about the police suicide rate, the purpose of the research examined the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of police suicide rates in comparison with municipal workers (Violanti, 1996). The research question in this article is whether police suicide is predictable. The hypotheses in this article are that police are at a higher risk of suicide than the general population and that police suicide rates are misreported frequently. The dependent variables measured in this article are suicide rates and death records and the independent variables are police officers and municipal workers (Violanti, 1996). In the article about gastric bypass surgery curing type II diabetes, the purpose of the research was to show the immediate results of the surgery in type II diabetics with a lower body mass index (BMI) (Kim, 2014). The research question...
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...symptoms are Comparing and Contrasting of Hypertension and Diabetes Did you know that in the United States, 17 million people suffer from diabetes and 50 million people suffer from hypertension. Like diabetes, hypertension millions of people don’t know that they have it. In this essay I will discuss the cause, symptoms, complication and treatment in which hypertension and diabetes are alike and how they differ. I will start by saying hypertension and diabetes can be compared and contrasted according to their causes. There are two types of hypertension: primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension is high blood pressure for which no cause can be found, but secondary hypertension has definite causes (Segen, 1992). The heart pumps blood through the body’s arteries to all parts of the body. At the time when the blood vessel become narrow, the flow of blood trough them will be harder, so the blood will exert the wall vessels and increase the pressure in them. Diabetes is similarly is that it also has two types. Type 1 diabetes is one type that occurs because of the failure of making the hormone called insulin by the pancreas. The other type is type 2 diabetes that is due to failure of using insulin by the body; in other words, diabetes occurs when the body cannot produce or use insulin. There are environmental and genetic factors that play a role in causing hypertension and diabetes. First, environmental factors are obesity, smoking, and lack...
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...has faced a battle like no other: the fight against chronic diseases. The burden of chronic diseases, particularly Type 2 Diabetes, has become especially prevalent as lifestyle shifts in poor diet and lack of physical activity are dominating urbanized communities.1 Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic condition that affects the way the body process blood sugar.2 In this condition, the body’s cells are resistant to hormone insulin, which is responsible for allowing glucose to enter the cells to be used for energy.2 As a result, the individual has high blood sugar, which can lead to health problems such as heart disease, vision loss, and kidney disease.2 In the United States, 29.1 million adults are living with diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes.2 However, adults are not the only population affected by this disease; 208,000 children are currently living with diagnosed diabetes.2 The prevalence for children diagnosed with Type 2...
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...NUTR 1020 Lecture: 2 Designing a Healthy Diet & Dietary Recommendations How do we know what we know about Nutrition? Research! Scientific method Observation New hypothesis Hypothesis Research Experiments Results reported in publication Follow-up experiments Hypothesis accepted/rejected Diabetes - common in obese population Obesity leads to type 2 diabetes Types of Experiments Research Question: Obesity leads to the development of type 2 diabetes? Observation by physicians Diabetes more common in obese patients Laboratory animals Diabetes Obese patients have more likely to have diabetes than leaner comparison group that is matched for other characteristics Obese mice Case control studies Epidemiological studies Diabetes more common in obese population Human studies Growing confidence in the research hypothesis Obesity leads to the development of type 2 diabetes Enlarged fat cells in obesity are less sensitive to glucose metabolism Healthy diet –Why is it important? 69% Leading causes of death related to nutrition! Healthy diet – Why is it important? US: 310,000 to 580,000 deaths every year ~1000 deaths/day (nutrition related) Excess intake of o Calories o Saturated fat o Cholesterol o Trans fat o Salt o Alcohol o Sugar + Physical inactivity Medical expenses: $71 Billion United States 68% adults (2/3rd ) – overweight/ obese 32% children (1/3rd ) – overweight/...
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