...Social class is typically known as social grouping or hierarchy based on differences in wealth, income or occupation. In the UK there are mainly two social classes; working class and middle class. 33% of students who are currently on free school meals achieve 5A*-C at GCSE, however 61% of students who are not on free school meals also achieve 5A*-C grades. 90% of the failing school are from deprived areas, and 79% of children from a higher professional family are more likely to go to university, whilst only 15% of children from unskilled and manual backgrounds go to work. Sub cultures are a group of people within society who share the same norms, values, beliefs and attitude that go against the main stream in society. This is usually different from or opposed to the main stream culture, for instance an anti-school subculture is more likely to be formed by pupils in lower streams. This is backed up by “They have examined the way in which labelling is linked to other processes within schools that result in class differences in achievement” (Item A) “These processes include self-fulfilling prophecy, streaming and the formation of pupil subcultures” (Item A) Therefore working class children will underachieve and middle class children will continue to progress. This can disadvantage working class children because of the use of home and school contracts. The education triage for working class are labelled as “hopeless cases” which then produces a selffulfilling prophecy and failure...
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...December 16, 2012 Josephine Kerr Corrections Accreditation and Privatization Paper According to Foster (2006) accreditations allow a company to comply with national values. Correctional officers are certified to comply with accreditation. Leaders can always improve professionalization and accreditation. Privatization is a private owned prison usually by individuals or stock holders. State and federal prisons are slighted affected by privatization and hold contracts with state and federal prisons. “What professionalism is to individuals working in the field, accreditation is to organizations—a movement toward higher standards (Foster, pg 180,2006).” According to Foster (2006) corrections accreditation started in 1978. According to Foster (2006) being a part of accreditation is an ongoing process of evaluations for operations against the national standards, solve deficiencies, and improvement on programs and services. According to Foster (2006) accreditation is to measure a company’s compliance with countrywide accepted values. According to Foster (2006) the ACA provides a process that starts with an application leading to a complete audit and approval or denial. The accreditation is good for three years then another audit will be completed again to make sure the company is staying in compliance with the accreditation. According to Foster (2006) this system is a verification process to comply with national standards that are created by the American Corrections Associations...
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...Critical information exchange in supplier involvement product development Master of Science Thesis in Quality and Operations Management ALEXANDER ARVIDSON DEIVITE SILVA Department of Technology Management and Economics Division of Quality Sciences CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Gothenburg, Sweden, 2012 Report No. E2012:026 Critical information exchange in supplier involvement product development Master of Science Thesis in Quality and Operations Management Alexander Arvidson Deivite Silva Department of Technology Management and Economics Division of Quality Sciences Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg, Sweden, 2012 Report no. E2012:026 Critical information exchange in supplier involvement product development Master of Science Thesis in Quality and Operations Management © Alexander Arvidson and Deivite Silva Department of Technology Management and Economics Division of Quality Sciences Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg, Sweden, 2012 Report no. E2012:026 Printed by Reproservice, Gothenburg, Sweden Abstract The purpose of this thesis has been to review Volvo’s information exchange in supplier involvement product development (SIPD) and to identify important information required to perform effective and efficient product development projects when suppliers are involved. The project was carried out at the Volvo Group which is a leading global supplier of commercial vehicles. Volvo Group is from here referred to as Volvo...
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...FACTA UNIVERSITATIS Series: Economics and Organization Vol. 5, No 1, 2008, pp. 17 - 29 EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FACTORS АFFЕCTING THE PRODUCT AND BUSINESS PROCESS INNOVATION UDC 001.895:658.62 Nebojša Zakić, Ana Jovanović, Milan Stamatović Faculty of Entrepreneurial Business, Union University, Belgrade Abstract. The competitive advantage of a company strongly depends on its possibility to benefit from innovational activities. Understanding the factors that affect product and process innovation and their effects is necessary for deciding on an innovation strategy that is one of the core factors of an innovation success. We research the influence of nine external and internal factors on product and business processes innovation. For the analysis of important relations and conclusions, beside theoretical literature, we use the results of several studies. Key Words: product innovations, business processes innovation, industry maturity, customer needs, demand, technological opportunity, investment attractiveness, company size, export orientation INTRODUCTION Innovations are one of the main sources of a competitive advantage and they are essential for a company growth. Fast technology development, combined with the globalisation and fast changes in customer demand, implies that a competitive advantage of a company can be only temporary. Companies put great effort in beating the competition and improvement in the market game by introducing innovations. On the macro level, innovations...
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...1. Management is the process of dealing with or controlling things or people. It is the process whereby manager creates directs and operates the organization objectives in a systematic way through assistance of human efforts. According to Harold Koontz ‘’Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally organized groups’’. 2. Management is refers to the effective utilization and coordination of resources in order to achieve maximum efficiency. Management is also the guidance and control of action required to execute a program. According to F.W. Taylor, "Management is the art of knowing what you want to do and then seeing that they do it in the best and the cheapest may." 3. Management is the process of getting things done through the efforts of other people in order to achieve the predetermined objectives of organization. According to ‘’Peter Drucker’’ “Management is a multipurpose organ that manages a business and manages Managers and manages Workers and work.” 4. Management can be defined as an act that involves the control, supervision and leading of other persons. It also involves overseeing projects, resources and business enterprises, and in medicine, it refers to the treatment and control of a disease. According to Mary Cushing Nile, ‘’Good Management, or scientific management, achieves a social objective with the best use of human and material energy and time, and with satisfaction for the participants and the public’’ 5. Management...
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...Strategic Planning and the Nursing Process Tammy Davis University of Phoenix Strategic Planning and the Nursing Process Strategic planning involves the development of ideas and guidelines that will help a business achieve its goals. In order for a business to be effective and successful, it is vital to implement a wide variety of strategic planning with ongoing adjustments made to improve the future and longevity of the company. According to Hebda & Czar “Strategic planning is a management tool that allows an organization to move consciously toward a desired future while responding to dynamic internal and external environments.” (p.139) Nursing Process The nursing process involves a set of steps required to implement into your nursing practice. The nursing process includes assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing and evaluating. Each of these steps must be taken in the correct order for them to be effective. Each step also requires a thorough assessment and often require frequent updates and ongoing changes in order to be effective. If you try to diagnosis before you assess, you are probably going to do so in error and prematurely. It is similar to strategic planning in that it does evolve and adapt over a period. Differences There are not a lot of differences in comparing the nursing process to strategic planning. I think the only difference would be that the nursing process is a set number and order of steps as compared to the many different styles...
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...American, according to (Hellriegel, 2011), is a telemarketing organization that sells office supplies, promotional products, arts-and-crafts, and computer supplies over the phone. This publication will study the importance of how people form perceptions and make attributions as well as well as which learning theory (either the operant conditioning, social learning theory or learning theory) would be most appropriate for Joe Salatino to apply to motivate his salespeople. This publication will also study how Joe Salatino can use the value of self-efficacy to ensure that he hires quality salespeople that have the potential to be highly successful in a telemarketing environment. According to (Hellriegel, 2011, p. 104), “Perception is the process by which the individual selects, organizes, interprets, and responds to information.” Based on information from (Duggan, 2012), perception also includes the gathering of sensory information through the body via sight, sound, touch, taste and smell. The Attribution Process, according to (Hellriegel, 2011, p. 119), “refers to the ways in which people come to understand the causes of their own and others’ behaviors.” The need to understand a person’s perceptions and attribution processes is due to the nature of the environment in which Joe Salatino’s employees find themselves with regard to successfully navigating the sales process in selling the company’s products through telemarketing. Being able to understand the process of perception...
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...about 70% of water (The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 2007). According to American Water Works Association (2002), 97% of water on Earth is salt water, which consists of salt and other minerals. Human beings cannot consume salt water and it is hard to remove salt from salt water. It costs a significant amount of money to remove salt from salt water. Glacier ice at the North and South Poles are made up from water, which is 2 % from the water of Earth. Although glacier ice contains fresh water, it takes time to melt and difficult for living things to get the sources. Therefore, human beings only left less than 1 % of water can be used for daily life purposes such as drinking, transportation and cooking. Water treatment is...
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...evoking translators to be invisible (Venuti,1992, p6). Before the process of coming of poststructuralism into view, structuralist Saussure determined language as the examinable world of the symbols including the linguistic system and social structure. According to Roman (2002, p309), a language is set up as a system of signs and each sign is the result of the relation between meaning and word and a signifier or sound-image and a signified (referent). He also claimed that signifiers and signifieds are unchangeable but they can make sign itself by signifying more complicated fabulous signs...
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... Traditional Vs. Nontraditional Litigation According to Cheeseman (2010), “Litigation is a process of bringing, maintaining and defending a lawsuit.” The litigation process involves resolving disputes in the court by taking an argumentative approach to prove the point. The litigation process has different phases – pleading, discovery, dismissals, pretrial judgments, settlements conference. In the litigation process the court decided the case in which one party wins over the other or the case or dispute is dismissed. Many times the cases do not go to trial because the parties may decide to use Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR). According to Cheeseman, (2010), “ADR are methods of resolving disputes other than litigation.” ADR methods include arbitration, negotiation, mediation, conciliation, mini-trial, and fact-finding. The discussion in this paper will compare and contrast between the traditional and nontraditional litigation. The process of traditional litigation starts by pleading in which a complaint is filed in the court by the plaintiff. The defendant is served with a summons and the copy of the complaint. The defendant is given a certain period to answer to the complaints filed by the plaintiff. The defendant can also file a counter compliant if he or she decides to countersue the plaintiff. After the complaints are files in court the next process is to proceed to pretrial process supervised by the court. Both parties participate in several...
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...W. BAC/12/71131 QUESTION: Management can be thought of as multi-dimensional in nature. It can be defined as a process, as discipline, people and career. Clearly distinguish between managerial functions and managerial roles. How are they related? Introduction: The word’’ manage’’ comes from the Italian maneggiare {to handle especially tools}, which derives from Latin word manus{hand}.The French word mesnagement[later management]. It is very difficult to define the term management but different scholars tried to define management as follows; According to Harold koontz; Management is the art of getting things done through others and with formally organized groups. According to Bovee; Management is the process of achieving organizational goals through planning, organizing, leading and controlling the human physical financial and information resources of an organization in an effective and efficient manner. According to Mary Partner; Management is the art of getting things done through people. Generally; Definition of Management can be explained in multi-dimensional process because it is defined in different aspects like; Management as a process is the action of managing or process collection of activities or series of which make things happen for work for other. Management as a process consists of three aspects; * Management is a universal process which is applicable in all...
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...Study Material For M.B.A. Based on Latest Syllabus of MBA prescribed By Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak (DDE) 1st Semester (Part-1) By : Expert Faculties Publications SCF-181, HUDA Complex, Near New Telephone Exchange, Rohtak (Haryana) footer Publications SCF-181, HUDA Complex, Near New Telephone Exchange, Rohtak (Haryana) © Reserved No Part of this book can be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, or by any means (Electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the publisher of this book. All possible efforts have been made in the prepration of this book yet for any kind of errors and omissions, the publisher is responsible. In case of any dispute it will be subjected to Rohtak Jurisdiction Only. Price : Rs. 400.00 Published By : ZAD Publications, Rohtak footer “The Zad stars & their family are shining stars on the earth, being blessed by the stars in the sky to celebrate the spirit of success” as I am writing this success story, there is no substitute of hard-work, punctuality and disciplined efforts. It is relatively easy to achieve success, but difficult to maintain it. The best way to achieve the success is to do the ordinary things with extra ordinary enthusiasm. Because of our quality work and the sense of commitment to do something different, the institute is enhancing its number of branches...
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...development process? marketing, design, manufacturing, other * A service process design flowchart is referred to as a service blueprint to emphasize what? The importance of process design * If an automotive service center has an issue with a car not being clean when returned to a customer, the poka-yoke corrective action might include what? An inspection by the person returning the car before the car is seen by the customer. * Using a project layout for building an aircraft, why would you want to place rivets close to or even in the fuselage? Rivets are used consistently throughout the construction process * Permeable systems are characterized by being penetrable by customers via what two forms of contact? Phone and face-to-face contact * What is a company trying to optimize in the most common approach to developing a workcenter layout? Movement of material * Even though they use different models, both the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Group and Nordstrom Department Stores are known for what? The personal attention they provide their customers * Why is the planning phase often referred to as Phase 0 (Zero) of the generic product development process? This phase happens before the project is approved * Why do many customers like the self-service approach to service design? It puts the customer in control * Some may argue that the production-line approach may not treat the process as a service process, but as what type of process? A manufacturing...
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...1 Pre Departure Training 8 4.2 Expatriation Phase 9 4.3 Repatriation Phase 10 5.0 Recommendation 10 6.0 Conclusion of report 10 7.0 List of Reference 11 Repatriation of Expatriates: overcoming barriers and understanding issues for the HR Practitioner 1.0 Introduction An increasing trend of MNC’s is taking part in an International context. According to a recent survey of MNC’s, there are over 850.000 subsidiaries of MNC’s operating worldwide, currently managing over 150.000 expatriates (Colakoglu & Caligiuri, 2008). According to Harvey & Moeller (2009), MNC’s must develop a pool of managers that has an increasing global mindset to cater for the increase of competition in an International context. Desired outcomes of expatriation can vary. One of the outcomes is the transfer of knowledge. Lazarova and Cerdin (2007) stresses that transfer of knowledge can assist the MNC to determine how their business unit is performing in the host country and identify needs associated with increasing performance and transfer of knowledge therein. This “transfer of knowledge may fail if the repatriation process is not being considered before; during and after the International assignment has taken place. The purpose of the following report is to discuss and contrast the concept of repatriation and will serve as a guide...
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...justice process is entirely of the whole process of arresting and punishing criminals or law violators. This process involves a number of processes that are followed in ensuring that due process is followed. Additionally, this process ensures that there is protection of the innocents, criminals or law breakers are fairly or justly treated, and ensuring that justice is practiced by agencies of law enforcement that include corrections and courts. The major processes of criminal justice include; investigation, apprehend, pre-trial, trial, appeals, sentencing, and corrections. The entire process should be carried out justly in order to protect the rights of all people involved whether offenders or innocents. Investigation When it is clearly determined that a crime or an offence has been committed, investigation is done in order to ensure that relevant and accurate information is gathered enough to sue the suspect. Investigation is considered as the first step involved in the criminal justice process. During this process all information that are related to the crime are objectively scrutinized. Investigation in criminology is defined as a process of exploring, gathering, preparing, identifying, and presenting relevant information that help in determining and explaining what took place at the scene of a crime (Hess & Orthman, 2009). It is through investigation that the person responsible for a crime is named and arrest processes are arranged. According to Hess and...
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