...Anthrax is a disease caused by the gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria called Bacillus anthracis. This type of bacteria is mostly lethal. Anthrax is not contagious, meaning it cannot be transmitted from person to person. This disease mainly affects animals such as sheep, cattle and goats, when they come in contact with or ingest contaminated spores in plants, water, or the soil. However, humans can become infected when Anthrax spores get inside the body and begin to multiply. The bacteria cells begin to produce toxins that cause serious illness or death. Bacillus anthracis can get into the human body if we eat contaminated meat, drink water or breathe air containing Anthrax spores. Humans can also become infected if the spores enter the body through an open cut or sore....
Words: 484 - Pages: 2
...Anthrax: Bacillus Anthracis Outline I. Introduction II. Definitions and Symptoms A. Bacillus anthracis B. Zoonosis C. Transmission: spores 1. Three types of entry 2. Three main types of anthrax D. Classified as a biological weapon 1. Biosafety level three 2. Anthrax not contagious between humans E. Cutaneous anthrax Symptoms F. Inhalation anthrax. G. Gastrointestinal anthrax. II. Origins of the Disease A. Ancient Mesopotamia B. Mention in The Iliad III. Ancient Manifestations, Views, and Causes IV. Ancient Treatments of Disease Symptoms A. Figs B. Anthrax control 1. Burning in Ancient Athens 2. Burning in 1600s 3. Burning Laws in Late 1600s V. Social Effects on Victims and Socioeconomic Impact on Society A. 2001 U.S. Postal Service anthrax incident B. Projected economic impact of a bioterrorist attack VI. Epidemic Outbreaks A. 1500 B.C. -- Fifth Egyptian plague B. 1600s -- "Black Bane" C. 1770 -- Haiti D. 1978-80 Human anthrax epidemic in Zimbabwe VII. Modern Causes of the Disease VIII. Current Treatments A. Historical Development of Modern Treatment Methods 1. 1877 Robert Koch 2. 1881 Louis Pasteur 3. 1937 Max Sterne 4. 1944 First use of penicillin to treat anthrax 5. 1979 Modern vaccine developed B. Treatment of Today IX. Anthrax as a Biomedical Weapon A. Modern threat B. 1916-1918 Mesopotamia...
Words: 3421 - Pages: 14
...fields of mathematics and science. It was then he decided to pursue a career in biology, and graduated from high school with said interest in mind, going on to the University of Gottingen for a degree in medicine. During his time as a student, he developed a fascination for pathology and epidemiology. After graduating in 1866, he worked as a physician in several towns and briefly served as a military surgeon during the Franco-Prussian War. Afterwards, he became the District Medical Office in Wollstein; it was under this title Koch carried out the research and breakthroughs that would later classify him as the Father of Bacteriology and Microbiology....
Words: 575 - Pages: 3
...How to Save a Life: The discovery of the Germ Theory Scientists often develop new theories and ideas once previous postulates are shown to be inadequate. After numerous attempts to understand how germs spread, scientists still lacked a theory that explained the cause of diseases. The germ theory was instrumental in formulating an understanding of various diseases in order to protect the public from lethal epidemics. The development of the germ theory is credited to Dr. Robert Koch, Dr. Joseph Lister and chemist Louis Pasteur. The theory helped other scientists develop future vaccines and procedures to stop the spread of disease. The invention significantly changed how society and medical experts thought about and practiced medicine. The germ theory made it possible for scientists to discover the complex causes of infections and diseases such as cholera. At first, the general public was very apprehensive about the rapidly changing medical practices that resulted from the germ theory. However, once these practices were successful, the public trusted the new procedures such as the introduction of the antiseptic practice. Although many medical breakthroughs were introduced in the late 19th and early 20th century the most significant was the discovery of the germ theory because it allowed European physicians to discover other medicines. It was the foundation for the discovery of other medicines such as cholera and the inception of antiseptic surgery. Before the invention...
Words: 3134 - Pages: 13
...effectiveness depends partly on their being read. In the face of the post-9/11 anthrax mailing scare, the Office for Survey Research (OSR) converted to using advance postcards rather than advance letters. Subsequently, the OSR conducted an experiment to test the effectiveness of sending letters, postcards, or nothing to directory-listed numbers selected in a large random digit dial (RDD) telephone survey. In terms of response rates, the results clearly indicate that sending advance letters is more effective than sending postcards, which, in turn, is more effective than sending nothing. A detailed cost-effectiveness evaluation indicates that sending letters actually saves money, despite the increased costs associated with the mailings, compared to sending postcards; sending postcards is also more cost-effective than not sending anything. Introduction Response rates in surveys have been declining for several decades (Groves and Couper 1998; Steeh 1981; Steeh et al. 2001), and the rate of decline increased after the mid-1990s (Curtin, Presser, and Singer 2005; Smith 2003). Groves and Couper (1998) and Curtin, Presser, and Singer (2003) have speculated that the decline in response rates might have been even Address correspondence to Larry Hembroff; e-mail: hembroff@msu.edu. doi:10.1093 / poq / nfi021 © The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Association for Public Opinion Research. All rights reserved. For...
Words: 5447 - Pages: 22
...Chemtrails There is something in the skies above us that cannot be easily explained. We see it almost every day, yet we take it for granted. Vast patterns of cloud like contrails cover every major metropolitan area in the world on a daily basis. They are referred to as ‘chemtrails’ and they stretch from horizon to horizon in either direction. Sometimes the patterns resemble a tic-tac-toe like grid and at other times form huge X shaped patterns. After being sprayed, the chemtrails slowly merge together to form a huge blanket of cloud cover. The particles that make up these artificial clouds can take as long as a day to fall to the ground. When they fall they resemble soap bubbles or an ashy snow like substance and when they settle they leave a sticky residue on everything they touch. We don’t know for certain what these chemtrails are comprised of or why they are being sprayed above us on a routine basis. Theories range from an attempt to stop global warming to government attempts to poison us for population control, but one thing we know for sure is that they do exist. Most people discover the reality of chemtrails by initially reading about it on the Internet and then going outside and looking up into the sky. They are shocked to realize that what they had been reading about and seeing in countless photographs is also taking place right over their heads. What some people had dismissed as mere "jet plane exhaust" are dismayed to realize that chemtrails are indeed the...
Words: 3190 - Pages: 13
...Introduction As the awareness and adoption of patents grows across the globe, we look to evaluate the consequences to society as a result of protection through patents. We will look at both sides objectively – the side of the inventor who has been granted exclusive rights to his/her invention and the other side – whether patents can deny basic social rights such as health to society. As we move further, we will look to understand a global framework (TRIPS) that provides guidelines on intellectual property regulations, the issue of compulsory licenses used by governments to circumvent patent protection and critically analyze specific cases where issuing compulsory licenses may be the need of the hour. What is TRIPS? TRIPS or Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights is an agreement administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO). The agreement covers the following broad issues with respect to regulation of intellectual property (IP): • Basic principles that apply to intellectual property rights agreements • Protection to intellectual property rights • enforcement of intellectual property rights across member nations • settling disputes related to intellectual property rights between member nations A key objective of TRIPS is to provide a common set of international rules or guidelines to ensure protection of patents around the world. TRIPS is unique because it binds any country to its system of intellectual property protection if that country...
Words: 3881 - Pages: 16
...Instructor: Roy Redman HCM307-1304A-03: The Health Care Industry Phase 4 Individual Project November 4, 2013 A See PowerPoint Presentation Well Done Joann: Future Healthcare Trends: - provided and discussed the major areas of technology in healthcare and how the innovations will apply to the field in 4-6 slides with speaker notes. Points - 43 /45 Critical Thinking Skills: student advances the discussion by synthesizing some information and drawing most of the required conclusions; additional details could be provided, but basic content is covered. Points - 33 /35 Application of Material to Real Life/Professional Experiences: answers are mostly complete and encourage understanding of the subject matter. Points: - 29 / 30 Organization of Material – thoughtful, thorough, well developed responses to the object of this assignment. Points - 25 / 25 APA Format, Grammar, and Sentence Structure: - Grammar and sentence structure are correct; APA format is followed. Points 15 / 15 Total Points 145 / 150 Be curious, Roy Redman Shi and Singh; Chapters 5, 12 & 14 Task Type: Individual Project Deliverable Length: PowerPoint Presentation 4–6 slides with speaker notes (not including title/referencce slides) with s Points Possible: 150 Due Date: 11/4/2013 11:59:59 PM CT One of the high points of the campaign will be a look to the future of Healing Hands Hospital. Mr. Wood asks you to help the public relations committee come up with some ideas that can be used in...
Words: 996 - Pages: 4
...Diagnosis of an Infected Patient: Microbiology Paper Bio 212 18 January 2015 Diagnosis of an Infected Patient After collecting a sputum sample from a patient that is suspected or may be infected with a bacterium from one of the following genera: Escherichia, Mycoplasma or Bacillus; Each bacteria listed should be isolated by utilizing each of the various staining techniques. The best staining techniques to use is the Gram stain or the Acid- fast stain due to the fact that they both will provide a lot of information in detail regarding the bacteria being studied. It is very important to be observant of how each bacterium obtained reacts to each stain, and how the results obtained will lead us in a developing diagnosis. The first technique being used is the Gram stain. Gram stain is probably one of the most common used staining procedures used in the field of microbiology. It is one of the differential stains that are used to characterize bacteria in one of the two groups: either gram positive or gram negative bacteria. Bacteria prepared for the Gram stain is a heated fixed smear that is covered with a crystal violet. Because the purple stain impart its color to all cells. After a short period of time, the purple dye is then washed off, and the smear is then covered with iodine, a mordant. When the iodine is then washed off, both the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria appear dark violet in color or purple. The next, process is the slide is then washed with alcohol...
Words: 921 - Pages: 4
...Diagnosis of an Infected Patient: Microbiology Paper BIO 212 Professor Fazely January 18, 2015 Professor Fazely Bio 212 18 January 2015 Diagnosis of an Infected Patient After collecting a sputum sample from a patient that is suspected or may be infected with a bacterium from one of the following genera: Escherichia, Mycoplasma or Bacillus; Each bacteria listed should be isolated by utilizing each of the various staining techniques. The best staining techniques to use is the Gram stain or the Acid- fast stain due to the fact that they both will provide a lot of information in detail regarding the bacteria being studied. It is very important to be observant of how each bacterium obtained reacts to each stain, and how the results obtained will lead us in a developing diagnosis. The first technique being used is the Gram stain. Gram stain is probably one of the most common used staining procedures used in the field of microbiology. It is one of the differential stains that are used to characterize bacteria in one of the two groups: either gram positive or gram negative bacteria. Bacteria prepared for the Gram stain is a heated fixed smear that is covered with a crystal violet. Because the purple stain impart its color to all cells. After a short period of time, the purple dye is then washed off, and the smear is then covered with iodine, a mordant. When the iodine is then washed off, both the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria appear dark violet in color or...
Words: 931 - Pages: 4
...Section A: Basic Microbiology 1 SCOPE AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN MICROBIOLOGY “Science contributes to our culture in many ways, as a creative intellectual activity in its own right, as a light which has served to illuminate man’s place in the uni-verse, and as the source of understanding of man’s own nature” —John F. Kennedy (1917–63) The President of America The bacterium Escherichia coli INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE MICROBIOLOGY is a specialized area of biology (Gr. bios-life+ logos-to study) that concerns with the study of microbes ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification. Microorganisms are microscopic (Gr. mikros-small+ scopein-to see) and independently living cells that, like humans, live in communities. Microorganisms include a large and diverse group of microscopic organisms that exist as single cell or cell clusters (e.g., bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, protozoa and helminths) and the viruses, which are microscopic but not cellular. While bacteria and archaea are classed as prokaryotes (Gr. pro-before+ karyon-nucleus) the fungi, algae, protozoa and helminths are eukaryotes (Gr. eu-true or good+ karyon-nucleus). Microorganisms are present everywhere on earth, which includes humans, animals, plants and other living creatures, soil,water and atmosphere. Microorganisms are relevant to all of our lives in a multitude of ways. Sometimes, the influence of microorganisms on human life is beneficial, whereas at other times, it is detrimental. For example...
Words: 9515 - Pages: 39
...23 - FEBRUARY, 2015 BRANDING FOR THRASH METAL BAND MAHESH NADKARNI BRANDING FOR THRASH METAL BAND 1 ABSTRACT The given case paper talks about a young man called Billy who has immense passion for music. He has always been different from others in one way or the other. His immense love for music and a possessed wealth for creativity have established him as a founder and lead guitarist of an upcoming metal band, playing a specific type of music called the Thrash Metal. In a small period of time Billy along with his band – Shredder Business Bureau has made a niche for thrash metal and is well known locally and regionally. Billy has established his band locally; however he wants to make it big. Hence he dropped in my office, wherein I work as the identity manager offering creative talents to customers via local advertising agency. I have a good name and recognition in the field of branding. Billy comes to me seeking help to brand his image as a musician. This is taken as a challenge as I have mostly worked for branding of companies. It was for the first time that I will be working for identity branding. The good part is that I will be doing this for Billy !! BRANDING FOR THRASH METAL BAND 2 BRANDING Branding is the process involved in creating a unique name and image for a product in the consumers mind, mainly through advertising campaigns with a consistent theme. Branding aims to establish a significant and differentiated presence in the market that...
Words: 3325 - Pages: 14
...Code of Ethics Paper Lindsey Green, Dawn Galvan, Angela Carbo, Hughie Webb HCS/335 July 27, 2015 Mr. Lawrence Fergus Code of Ethics Paper Health care ethics involve moral principles, beliefs and values that help health care providers make good decisions about medical care. The core element of health care ethics is the sense of right and wrong, the rights that we possess and the duties we owe to others. “Thinking carefully about the ethical aspects of health care decisions helps us make choices that are right, good, fair and just for all patients” ("Health Care Ethics: Overview Of The Basics", July 2015.). The organization we are choosing is the CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). This organization is a federal agency which supports health promotion, prevention and preparedness activities in the United States with the goal of improving public health. (“Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,” 2014). The CDC was established in 1946 to combat a serious malaria outbreak and is controlled by the Department of Health and Human Services. The CDC works with partners at all levels in an attempt to monitor and prevent disease outbreaks and to oversee the implementation of disease prevention strategies. The CDC focuses on five areas which include the following: increasing support to health departments, improving global health, decreasing leading causes of death, strengthening surveillance and epidemiology, and reforming health policies. The CDC educates the...
Words: 1337 - Pages: 6
...Jessica Couture 7/22/2012 CJS/210 Final: Future of policing paper The biggest issue that effects policing is technology. Technology is at a rise and growing at an incredible rate. Technology advancement gives criminals a whole new way or an easier way to commit crimes. Eventually technology is going to take away jobs from our police officers and other individuals working in law enforcement. We are no longer going to need police officers out on patrol monitoring traffic, we have high speed cameras to detect incident detection, and vehicle counting, traffic flow monitoring and even people who violate traffic laws like speeding, running red lights and stop signs. The technology only gets better with the better quality of surveillance camera on street corners. This trend is going to push for more cameras in high populated areas to maintain safely and order. They now have surveillance cameras with facial recognition so that the camera can identify you. These trends are either going to affect policing in a good way or a potentially be used against them because criminals these days are getting smarter with all this tech-savvy generation that we all live in. We are going to see more criminals of all ages young and old committing more crimes like internet fraud, financial crimes like embezzlement, bribery, credit card fraud, indentify theft and insider trading are just to name a few. The question is can law enforcement keep up with the latest trend of technology? Law enforcement...
Words: 1114 - Pages: 5
...Epidemiology Paper Epidemiology has become the method of choice for public health research. The patterns and trends and cause and effects of health affecting phenomena identified by epidemiology are instrumental in predicting risk factors e.g.; development of treatment strategies to prevent or contain diseases. Epidemiology estimates have changed over time related to changes in the definition and diagnosis of diseases. Epidemiology is practiced as a broad scientific discipline that addresses occurrences of diseases and distribution of health status of populations. Integration of casual concepts at the clinical, social and environmental levels will allow faculty to work to maintain an intellectual environment that will facilitate the integration of biological, social and, analytical approaches of epidemiology. This type of environment allows faculty and students to develop the knowledge to fully appreciate the complexities of biosocial system to understand, modify, and use this information to maximum potential. The focus of this paper will be on immigrant/migrants as a vulnerable population with emphasis on infectious disease a major health concern. The paper will define epidemiology and identify steps and methods of the type of epidemiology and examines relationships of illnesses and education related to infectious diseases. Epidemiology defined Stanhope & Lancaster (2008) defines epidemiology as “the study of the distribution and determination of health- related states...
Words: 1981 - Pages: 8
