...London School of Engineering and Materials Science Laboratory report writing instructions DEN101 - Fluid Mechanics 1 Flow Rate Measurement Experiment A. Student Student Number: 1234567 Version 2.0, 27 November 2010 Template for Word 97-2003 Abstract This document explains what is expected in your Fluids 1 lab report. The sections that should be covered are outlined and a structure you could follow is proposed. Detailed advice on how to edit the report is given. The document concludes with the marking criteria for this lab report. Table of Contents Abstract 2 1. Introduction 3 1.1. Writing 3 1.2. Editing and formatting 3 1.3. Content of the introduction 4 2. Background and theory 4 3. Apparatus 4 4. Test 4 5. Experimental procedure 4 6. Results 5 7. Discussion 5 8. Conclusions 5 9. References 5 10. Appendix A: Marking criteria 6 Introduction Before starting to write a report, you should think about what is your audience. Am I writing for colleagues who want a lot of detail how it is done, or am I writing for my boss who just wants an executive summary as he has no time for details? In general, there is not a single type of audience and we have to make our writing suitable for the detailed read, as well as the fast perusal. To understand what is required from you in this report, please have a look at the marking criteria in the Appendix. 1 Writing To limit...
Words: 2017 - Pages: 9
...BACTERIA AND ANTIBIOTICS LAB REPORT Bryan Bennett Ms. Johnson Biology 09 period 8 March 12, 2013 Introduction: 1. Eubacteria -Has cell wall with peptidoglycan -They can live nearly anywhere on earth (sky to underground) -Unicellular -Prokaryotic -Reproduce Asexually Archaebacteria -Cell wall without peptidoglycan -Live in environments without oxygen (anaerobic) -Prokaryotic -Unicellular -Reproduce Asexually -Oldest bacterial form -Unique lipids in their cell membrane -DNA sequence is more like other Eukaryotes than other bacterial types (eubacteria) 2. Bacteria are classified into four groups: * PHOTOAUTOTROPHS * PHOTOHETEROTROPHS * CHEMOAUTOTROPHS * CHEMOHETEROTROPHS 3. 4. Many bacteria are heterotrophic which is to thrive off other organisms. The type of bacteria that causes disease are heterotrophic parasites. There are also many harmless bacterial parasites, many of which can be helpful to their hosts. Autotrophic bacteria manufacture their own food by chemosynthesis and photosynthesis. In aerobic respiration a series of reactions convert glucose to carbon dioxide and water and give off energy. Free oxygen is required as the final acceptor for electrons and hydrogen to form water. Bacteria, able to grow in the presence of oxygen, are called aerobic bacteria. Pseudomonas is an example of aerobic bacteria. In anaerobic respiration free oxygen isn’t required. Organic compounds are the final electron acceptors in anaerobic...
Words: 1569 - Pages: 7
...How Does Your Mouthwash Measure Up: Effects of Specific Mouthwashes on Staphylococcus epidermis and Bacillus subtilus Mouthwash Lab Report Fareeda sanusi Abstract: This experiment was done in order to find out which mouthwash killed the bacteria Staphylococcus epidermis and Bacillus subtilus the best. The mouthwashes used were Scope (clean mint baking soda), Listermint with fluoride, Cepacol, Rembrandt, and Therasol. Water was used as a control for the experiment. It allowed students to practice using T -values to determine significance of mouthwash effectiveness. The experiment also determined the active ingredient in the better mouthwash. My own hypothesis was that Scope would work the best on both bacteria. My hypothesis was proved wrong by Bacillus subtilis when Therasol eliminated the most bacteria. As for Staphylococcus epidermis Therasol worked just as well as Scope and Cepacol in killing the bacteria. However, there was significance at the 95% level between Scope and Cepacol. The charts, graphs, and the report below provide more information. Introduction: The battle for better breath is taking place all over the world. With each toothpaste and mouthwash claiming to be the best, how can one possibly determine which one to use? This experiment may perhaps put an end to this particular problem. Five fairly popular mouthwashes were used in this experiment: Scope, Listermint, Cepacol, Rembrandt, and Therasol. The effectiveness of each was tested on two different...
Words: 1110 - Pages: 5
...Alexander Fleming From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Alexander Fleming (disambiguation). Sir Alexander Fleming FRSE, FRS, FRCS(Eng) | | Born | 6 August 1881 Lochfield, Ayrshire, Scotland | Died | 11 March 1955 (aged 73) London, England | Nationality | Scottish | Fields | Bacteriology, immunology | Alma mater | Royal Polytechnic Institution St Mary's Hospital Medical School Imperial College London | Known for | Discovery of penicillin | Notable awards | * FRS (1943)[1] * Nobel Prize (1945) * Knight Bachelor (1944) | Signature | Sir Alexander Fleming, FRSE, FRS,[1] FRCS(Eng) (6 August 1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish biologist, pharmacologist and botanist. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.[2][3][4][5][6][7] Contents * 1 Early life and education * 2 Research * 2.1 Work before penicillin * 2.2 Accidental discovery * 2.3 Purification and stabilisation * 2.4 Antibiotics * 3 Myths * 4 Personal life * 5 Death * 6 Honours, awards and achievements * 7 See also * 8 Bibliography * 9 References * 10 External links Early life and education Fleming was born on 6 August 1881...
Words: 13076 - Pages: 53
...PREVENTING CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTION Elizabeth Quartey Abstract According to the CDC estimates in 2002 there were 1.7 million Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI), and 99,000 HAI- associated deaths in the hospital. The report stated that the four largest categories of HAI, responsible for more than 80% of all reported HAI, are central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI, 14%), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP, 15%), surgical site infections (SSI, 22%), and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI, 32%). HAI are a great financial costs to health care facilities. The Centers for disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates the medical cost of HAI in the U.S. hospitals as $6.65 billion in 2007, and that number has increased to almost $10 billion a year currently. Statement and Significance of the Problem One in 20 patients who are admitted to a hospital will be a victim to an infectious agent they are exposed to during their hospitalization according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (Goodman, Brenda, 201, Hospital-Acquired Infections cost $10 Billion a year). The five most common infections are surgical site infections, infections associated with the use of devices like central lines, catheters, ventilators and clostridium dificile are costing the health care System in the USA almost $10 billion a year to treat. In the article Vitamin D has the potential to reduce the risk of Hospital-Acquired...
Words: 2634 - Pages: 11
...Applied Conceptual Influences Jennie Golden-Wear Aspen University Concepts and Theories in Nursing June 04, 2012 Applied Conceptual Influences Nursing theorist have over time provided incredible structure by conceptual influence in developing theory utilized in nursing education and practice. This paper will explore a variety of nursing theories including that of Florence Nightingale, Virginia Henderson, and Lydia Hall. Developing care plans and referencing case studies, the theories of Hiligard Peplau, Joyce Travelbee, and Ida Jean Orlando will also be observed. This exploration is meant to enlighten the reader of theories structuring nursing as a practice. Case study #1 The following case study is based on community healthcare visitation to a home for a post-partum follow-up involving a young woman, Isabel. Isabel was a mother of two children, Jerry her two-year old son and Pearl her three-week old daughter. The scene of Isabel’s unclean, ill maintained, single room and so-called home now, was a challenging observation for the visiting nurse. Despite the horrendous site of an overflowing box of dirty cat litter, the dirty diapers, dried food, and spoiled bottles of formula; the nurse was drawn to the values of Florence nightingale. This approach allowed a great deal of compassion for the depressed, frustrated, and exhausted young mother. Fostering receptivity would be a priority in creating a plan of care. First, the nurse knew she must gain Isabel’s confidence...
Words: 1769 - Pages: 8
...Title: H1N1 flu pandemic Author: Md. Arifuzzaman Faisal Department of Electrical And Electronic Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and University H1N1 flu pandemic Generally we know Influenza viruses cause annual endemics and infrequent endemics that have asserted the lives of many peoples. Appreciating the function of particular awareness in encouraging people to engage in preventive activities may help health communicators to progress their messages about epidemics of new contagious infection usually and swine flu in particular. Due to the swine-flu virus called novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) the eruption of human infection began all over the world in spring 2009. "H1N1 emerged in February 2009 in Mexico and swept around the globe within 6 months." ( - Professor Hans Dieter Klenk; Philipps-Universität Marburg). Though flu epidemic began in 1918 and it becomes blast as a great epidemic in 2009.[See Table-1] In more than 214 countries during that times swine-flu virus (H1N1) was a severe epidemic public health problem. A laboratory confirmation was required to differ novel influenza virus from seasonal human influenza as all clinical symptoms of novel swine-flu’s infection were similar to seasonal human influenza. Swine-flu Influenza A (H1N1) is a subtype of virus called influenza A and it was common cause of human swine-flu in 2009. H1N1 influenza swine-flu virus now named as novel H1N1 and this influenza virus normally found in pigs. In 1930...
Words: 3131 - Pages: 13
...For the exclusive use of Q. WEI2015. 9-699-012 REV: JULY 23, 2002 STEFAN THOMKE Innovation at 3M Corporation (A) On the evening of October 23, 1997, Rita Shor, senior product specialist at 3M, looked across the conference room at her team from the Medical-Surgical Markets Division. She wondered when to draw to close the intense ongoing debate on the nature of the team’s recommendations to the Health Care Unit’s senior management. A hand-picked group of talented individuals, the team had embarked on a new method for understanding customer needs called “Lead User Research.” But this initiative to introduce leading-edge market research methods into 3M’s legendary innovation process had now grown into a revolutionary series of recommendations that threatened to rip apart the division. While senior management wanted the “Lead User” team to execute a manageable project involving surgical draping material to protect surgery patients from infections, the team now wanted to rewrite the entire business unit’s strategy statement to also include more pro-active products or services that would permit the upstream containment of infectious agents such as germs. This went against the incrementalist approach that for so long had pervaded 3M. After all, as Mary Sonnack, division scientist and an internal 3M consultant on the new Lead User methodology, noted “3M gets so much revenue from incremental products . . . like a blue Post-it note instead of just a yellow one.” ...
Words: 10701 - Pages: 43
...Essentials Ruth E. McCall, BS, MT (ASCP) Retired Program Director and Instructor Central New Mexico Community College Albuquerque, New Mexico President, NuHealth Educators, LLC Faculty, Emeritus Phoenix College Phoenix, Arizona Fifth Edition Cathee M. Tankersley, BS, MT (ASCP) Acquisitions Editor: Peter Sabatini Product Manager: Meredith L. Brittain Marketing Manager: Shauna Kelley Designer: Holly McLaughlin Production Services: Aptara, Inc. Fifth Edition Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business. Two Commerce Square 2001 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 351 West Camden Street Baltimore, MD 21201 Printed in China All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, via email at permissions@lww.com, or via website at lww.com (products and services). 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress...
Words: 129902 - Pages: 520
...Hiking 1. Explain and demonstrate the main points of good hiking practice, such as pacing, speed, resting, and etiquette. Because hiking is a recreational experience, hikers expect it to be pleasant. Sometimes hikers can interfere with each others' enjoyment, or that of other users of the land, but they can minimize this interference by following good etiquette. For example: * When two groups of hikers meet on a steep trail, there may be contention for use of the trail. To avoid conflict, a custom has developed in some areas whereby the group moving uphill has the right-of-way. In other situations, the larger of the two groups will usually yield to the smaller. * Being forced to hike much faster or slower than one's natural pace can be annoying, and difficult to maintain consistently. More seriously, walking unnaturally fast dramatically increases fatigue and exhaustion, and may cause injury. If a group splits between fast and slow hikers, the slow hikers may be left behind or become lost. A common custom is to encourage the slowest hiker to hike in the lead and have everyone match that speed. Another custom is to have an experienced hiker sweep up the rear, to ensure that everyone in the group is safe and nobody straggles. * Hikers often enjoy the silence and solitude of their surroundings. Loud sounds, such as shouting or loud conversation, disrupt this enjoyment. Some hikers purposely avoid loud sounds, out of deference to other hikers. Staying quiet will also...
Words: 3146 - Pages: 13
...OSHA The Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) is a federal agency that operates under the U.S. Department of Labor. They are a law regulating agency that enforces laws that are put in place to protect employees in their place of work. The mission of OSHA is to ensure that businesses provide safe and healthy working environments for all their employees. In 1974 OSHA was developed and established by congress. In the 1960s there was a 20% rise in work-related accidents and injuries and something needed to be done to keep these numbers from increasing. House Representative William A. Steiger successfully passed a bill that would create OSHA. President Richard M. Nixon signed The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 on December 29th of 1970. OSHA was open for business in April of 1971. OSHA covered 56 million workers at 3.5 million various industries and businesses. OSHA created and organized standards at foundations such as the National Fire Protection Organization, American National Standards Institution, and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist. OSHA developed its first training program in Chicago in the mid-1970s. The training programs purpose was to educate its inspectors, and administer employers and employees training on safety standards. In 1975 OSHA had state authorities instruct onsite consolation programs at no cost. In the 1980’s OSHA started to make medical and exposure records the main focal point. In the 80’s OSHA...
Words: 7039 - Pages: 29
...Aims and Objectives Aims On the completion of the seminar students gain the knowledge regarding hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis and will utilize this knowledge with a positive attitude. Specific Objectives The group will able to; * Define dialysis * Describe the history of dialysis * Explain the principles of dialysis * Enumerate the indication of dialysis * Explain details about hemodialysis * Describe details about peritoneal dialysis * List down the Psychosocial Issues In ESRD Patients * Dietary Management Dialysis Patient * Nursing Responsibilities Introduction The introduction of dialysis as a lifesaving treatment for kidney failure was not the result for any large scale research programme, rather it emerged from the activities of a new pioneering individuals who were able to utilize ideas, materials, and methods from a range of developing technologies. Hemodialysis as a routine treatment for renal failure was introduced in the late 1970s. The recognition for the need for immunosuppression in the transplantation and the lack of availability of transplant in the 1960s enabled it to become the preferred treatment for many patients. Definition Dialysis is the movement of fluid and molecules across a semipermeable membrane from one compartment to another. Clinically dialysis is a technique in which substances move from the blood through a semipermeable membrane and in to a dialysis solution called dialysate. Historical Evolution...
Words: 4337 - Pages: 18
...GI and Diabetes Exam Study Guide Tube Feeding – (enteral nutrition) refers to the administration of a nutritional balanced liquefied food or formula through a tube inserted into the stomach, duodenum, jejunum. It is used to provide nutrients via the GI tract either alone or as a supplement to oral or parenteral nutrition. - Nasogastric (NG) Tube – is most commonly used for short-term feeding problems. Other means of feeding are; esophagostomy, gastrostomy or jejunostomy. Transpyloric tube placement or placement into the jejunum is used when physiologic condition warrant feeding the pt below the pyloric sphincter. Special Indications – anorexia, orofacial fractures, head and neck cancer, neurologic or psychiatric conditions that prevent oral intake, extensive burns and those who are receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Procedure for tube feeding 1. Patient position – 30-45 degrees position. Head remain elevated for 30-60 mins 2. Patency of tube – Tube should be irrigated with water before and after each feeing to ensure patency. 3. Tube Position – Placement of tube is checked before each feeing or every 8 hours with continuous feeings. Checking methods; aspiration and pH. 4. Formula 5. Administration of feeding – feeing are given either by gravity drip method or by feeding pump. 6. General Nursing Considerations – daily weight, accurate I’s and O’s. Blood glucose check. Complication Related To tube and feeding - Vomiting and or Aspiration -...
Words: 7940 - Pages: 32
...Section A: Basic Microbiology 1 SCOPE AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN MICROBIOLOGY “Science contributes to our culture in many ways, as a creative intellectual activity in its own right, as a light which has served to illuminate man’s place in the uni-verse, and as the source of understanding of man’s own nature” —John F. Kennedy (1917–63) The President of America The bacterium Escherichia coli INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE MICROBIOLOGY is a specialized area of biology (Gr. bios-life+ logos-to study) that concerns with the study of microbes ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification. Microorganisms are microscopic (Gr. mikros-small+ scopein-to see) and independently living cells that, like humans, live in communities. Microorganisms include a large and diverse group of microscopic organisms that exist as single cell or cell clusters (e.g., bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, protozoa and helminths) and the viruses, which are microscopic but not cellular. While bacteria and archaea are classed as prokaryotes (Gr. pro-before+ karyon-nucleus) the fungi, algae, protozoa and helminths are eukaryotes (Gr. eu-true or good+ karyon-nucleus). Microorganisms are present everywhere on earth, which includes humans, animals, plants and other living creatures, soil,water and atmosphere. Microorganisms are relevant to all of our lives in a multitude of ways. Sometimes, the influence of microorganisms on human life is beneficial, whereas at other times, it is detrimental. For example...
Words: 9515 - Pages: 39
...TABLE OF CONTENT LETTER OF AUTHORIZATION I LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL II LETTER OF RECOMMENDATION III LETTER OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY 2 2. CURRENT MARKET SITUATION 3 2.1. MARKET SUMMARY 3 2.2. MARKET NEEDS 3 2.3. MARKETING TREND 3 2.4. MARKET GROWTH 3 2.5. COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS 4 3. SWOC ANALYSIS 6 3.1. STRENGTHS 6 3.2. WEAKNESSES 6 3.3. OPPORTUNITIES 6 3.4. CHALLENGES 6 4. OBJECTVES AND ISSUES 7 4.1. SALES REVENUES 7 4.2. MARKET SHARE 8 4.3. ADVERTISING AWARENESS 8 4.4. PRODUCT PLACEMENT 8 5. MARKETING STRATEGY 9 5.1. MISSION 9 5.2. MARKETING OBJECTIVES 9 5.3. TARGET MARKET 9 5.4. STRATEGIC PYRAMIDS 11 5.5. MARKETING MIX 11 5.6. RETAIL CAMPAIGN 11 5.7. T.V COMMERCIALS 12 6. ACTION PROGRAMS 13 6.1. DIVERSIFICATION 13 6.2. MARKET DEVELOPMENT 13 6.3. IMPLEMENTATION TACTICS 14 7. WHERE TO FIND CLEANWELL HAND SANITIZER? 15 8. ENVIRONMENT 16 8.1. MICRO ENVIRONMENT 16 8.1.1. The Company 16 8.1.2. The Suppliers 16 8.1.3. Marketing Intermediaries 16 8.1.4. Customers 16 8.1.5. Competitors 16 8.1.6. Publics 16 8.2. MACRO ENVIRONMENT 17 8.2.1. Demographic Environment 17 8.2.2. Economic Environment 17 8.2.3. Natural Environment 17 8.2.4. Technological Environment 17 8.2.5. Political Environment 17 8.2.6. Cultural Environment 17 9. BUDGET 18 9.1. PRODUCT PRICING 18 9.2. FIVE YEARS PROJECTED SALES 18 9.3. FIVE YEARS BUSINESS PLAN 19 10. CONTROL 20 11. CONCLUSION 21 12. REFERENCES 22 APPENDIX...
Words: 5387 - Pages: 22
