...ent Applied Behavioral Analysis and Case Studies Bobby, Jackie, and Emma Joshua Stewart Kaplan University PS360- Unit 4 Assignment Prof. Chrystal Ayala June 15, 2015 Applied Behavioral Analysis and Case Studies Bobby, Jackie, and Emma Applied Behavioral Analysis is a natural science that aims to systematically apply intervention processes using the behavior learning theory in order to remove or change undesirable socially significant behaviors (Cooper, Heron, Heward, 2007). Applied behavioral analysis can be applied in many setting and situations and the intervention process and techniques depend on those settings and individual situations. Applied behavioral analysis is used to modify target behaviors that can occur in the home, in the community, in an educational setting, and is even used to aid in treatment for rehabilitation programs. Through the use of different components of ABA such as operant conditioning, reinforcement, modification programs, and extinction to name a few, one will develop a behavioral modification plan to best suit each client’s specific needs. In the first case, Bobby is an 8-year-old boy who cannot keep his room cleaned or organized despite the fact that he is constantly reminded by his father to do so. Mr. Kelley would like to establish a modification process for Bobby to encourage him to keep his bedroom clean on a regular basis. First the target behavior and modification process must be identified in order to determine the appropriate...
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...In this article, Baer, Wolf, & Risley (1968) state that applied behavior analysis consists of three parts, which are the applied, behavior, and analysis parts. First, they make the claim that the better the application of the principles of ABA will hopefully make society more willing to contribute to the overall betterment of society. The writers point out that this is not a new topic, but the analysis part of the concept is new. After defining analytic behavior analysis, the write that the difference between applied and basic research is what the study looks at for the reasoning behind the behavior. Baer, Wolf, & Risley claim that applied research looks at what is going to be helpful in making the behavior better, but non-applied research can look at any part of the behavior. Another difference between the two types of research, they claim, is that applied behavior will look at a behavior that is important socially and will look at the behavior usually is an environmental situation....
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...Introduction to professional practice Historical Paper Adam Monge October 15, 2013 Alliant International University Introduction Skinner is one of the most important historians to psychology, his work led to the development of behavior modification and behavior therapy which is a model that psychologist continue to apply and modify today. In the beginning with the social need for efficient psychotherapy soon developed a solid theoretical body of behavioral laws, Skinner indicated that in order to develop the appropriate path towards efficient intervention for unadaptive behavior new theories regarding about abnormal behavior and as well as procedural model for evaluations (Labrador, F. (2004). Behavior therapy continued to nourished by developments through experimental psychology, Skinner’s treatments offered many opportunities not just clients but as well researchers/psychologist to explore the newly lens developed. However, behavior modification and therapy had its limitation yet today it continues to have some modification still needed to be implement, it said that in order to acknowledge and pay a tribute to Skinner’s work is to overcome these limitation and further develop behavior therapy into an effective model (Wilson, G., & Agras, W. (1992). Rise of behavior modification & therapy The development of behavior modification and therapy was backed up by the work of Skinner, his techniques and experiments were based in operant conditioning...
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.... Your Career in Psychology Bria Malone Capella University Abstract The complete principle objective of this paper is to demonstrate the counseling techniques in my psychology career. I have prior experience working with children and young adolescent with to depression, anxiety and behavioral disorders. The ideal of the scholar practitioner defines this effort in terms of lifelong learning that expands the individual's capacity for insight, reflection, and effective action. The assurance in counseling as a promising practitioner-scholar is that it will provide great experiences for me in the future. Counseling has always been a compromising task; which has been a passion and desire for me for many years. Over the years my vision and goals has not changed. However, it has expanded me to reach out to young women and men and help them with their capability to accomplish everyday life struggles. All of these researchers (Miles, J, Detweiler, M. and Nader, J .connects in the child development and practice that is substantially connected with children behavioral disorder needs. Your Career in Psychology Introduction In my own words what describes a good career in psychology is someone who has the ability to study the mind and behaviors of individuals. I have a passion and desire to help children and young adults, who have neglected but, not abused. I also counsel children with emotional behavioral problems, depression and anxiety problems. What led me to this...
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...to date that includes video modeling to increase food acceptance in a participant’s home. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use video modeling to increase food acceptance by one child in his home. A multiple-baseline design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of video modeling on increasing food acceptance. Video modeling was effective in increasing food acceptance with this one participant in his home. The results of this study suggest that this treatment program was responsible for the observed changes, which were maintained during 3, 4, 5, and 6th month follow-up. Video modeling 6 Using Video Modeling to Increase Food Acceptance Many children with Pervasive Developmental Disorder exhibit maladaptive feeding behaviors. These behaviors may include gagging at the site of certain foods, food refusal, expulsion, and limited intake (Munk & Repp, 1994). Parents of children with these problems are frequently desperate to get their children to eat and may go to...
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...systematic data based programming could be more adequately implemented. As a result, The Learning Tree, Inc. was incorporated in 1983. The organization maintains three residential schools in Alabama - Mobile, Jacksonville, and Tallassee - for children with autism spectrum disorders and other intellectual disabilities. In addition, it operates The Little Tree Preschools in Mobile, Jacksonville, and Auburn and a consulting program for public schools and other organizations. Beginning in August 2009, the organization will open Woody’s Song, a program offering non-residential services for elementary-aged students. Our services are supervised and provided by a variety of professionals including certified teachers, psychologists, Board Certified Behavior Analysts,...
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...ifferential reinforcement is the reinforcement of one form of behavior and not another, or the reinforcement of a response under one condition but not another. Differential reinforcement uses positive reinforcement to differentiate or separate appropriate student behavior from inappropriate behavior by increasing one while decreasing the other. Definition D Things to Do Select behaviors to be decreased or increased. Select alternative, incompa tible or communicative behavio , rs to be taught. Determine time interval. Set criterion. Ignore inappropriate behav iors. Monitor the student’s performance. Level 1: Positive Interaction Procedures 1 LRBI Checklist Differential Reinforcement There are six strategies that comprise or make up differential reinforcement: Select behaviors to be decreased or increased. Select behaviors to be decreased or increased. These behaviors should be objectively defined and must be observable and measurable. For DRO, DRI, DRA, and DRC, there will be a specific behavior to decrease, such as talk-outs, hitting, not following directions, out of seat, disrupting other students, or tantrums. For DRH, there will be a specific behavior to increase, such as contributing in class, positive social interactions, getting to class on time, or task completion. D R H RL D problem behaviors Level 1: Positive Interaction Procedures appropriate behaviors 2 LRBI Checklist Differential Reinforcement Select...
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...Instructor’s Manual with Test Items to accompany Applied Behavior Analysis Second Edition John O. Cooper ● Timothy E. Heron ● William L. Heward All, The Ohio State University Prepared by Stephanie Peterson, Idaho State University ● Renée K. Van Norman, University of Nevada-Las Vegas ● Lloyd Peterson, Idaho State University ● Shannon Crozier, University of Nevada-Las Vegas ● Jessica E. Frieder, Idaho State University ● Peter Molino, Idaho State University ● Heath Ivers, Idaho State University ● Shawn Quigley, Idaho State University ● Megan Bryson, University of Nevada-Las Vegas ● David Bicard, University of Memphis [pic] Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Columbus, Ohio ____________________________________________________________ ______________________ Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department. Pearson Prentice Hall™ is a trademark of Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson® is a registered trademark of Pearson plc Prentice Hall® is a registered trademark of Pearson Education...
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...is touted to be absolutely effective and possibly the only answer for gains to be made in changing autism. Unfortunately, this may diminish the ability of the individual with autism to change in a positive manner. Additionally, immense monetary bills compound the problem. Caregivers may even bankrupt themselves trying to save their child or family member paying high premiums for ABA services that may or may not actually effectively change or manage behaviors of individuals with autism. This paper will discuss whether or not ABA research actually proves the effectiveness of ABA interventions. ABA interventions are defined as “those in which the principles of learning theory are applied in a systematic and measurable manner to increase, reduce, maintain and/or generalize target behaviors” (Education, 2007). ABA includes methodology such as reinforcement of target behaviors, shaping and chaining new behaviors, fading inappropriate behaviors, response and stimulus prompting, discrimination training, programming new behaviors, ideas and attitudes as well as completing functional assessments. (Broadstock, 2008) The research question was whether or not interventions and strategies based on ABA are actually effective in gaining the following outcomes for individuals with autism: * social development * cognitive thinking skills * functional and spontaneous development of communication * engagement in...
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...A review paper published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal provides a summary of the current understanding of ASD and suggests a comprehensive set of guidelines on best practices for detection, diagnosis and treatment for children with autism based on the currently available evidence randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or systematic reviews. - See more at: "We have come to understand ASD as a remarkably heterogeneous constellation of conditions that covary with other disabilities and disorders (e.g., intellectual disability, epilepsy, ADHD, anxiety disorders) and various medical problems," writes Dr. Stephen Scherer, senior scientist and director of The Centre for Applied Genomics at The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) and director of the McLaughlin Centre at the University of Toronto, with coauthors. "Recent discoveries of underlying genomic factors have shown great complexity and implicate various networks of causal factors." ASD, which includes a variety of traits that range from mild to severe, is estimated to affect about 1% of the population, although it is under-recognized in the developing world. The review, by specialists in pediatrics, psychiatry, epidemiology, neurology and genetics from across Canada, outlines the current understanding of ASD and best practices for pediatricians, family doctors and specialist clinics, and identifies resources for clinicians. Topics include: What causes autism? The causes are thought to be multi-factorial: genetic...
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...The purpose of this paper is to provide information for practitioners using observation for special education evaluations, including initial and re-evaluations, functional behavioral assessments (FBA), and monitoring IEP (Individualized Education Program) and BIP (Behavior Intervention Plan) progress. Observational procedures for research purposes are often more demanding and these suggestions are for practitioners and not meant to meet a research standard. Collecting data involves a variety of techniques, including both direct and indirect methods. Examples of indirect data collection include interviews, record review, and examination of permanent work products. This booklet focuses on observational data, which is a direct method of data collection. When collecting information, it is important to use multiple sources and methods, and to triangulate the data collected. No one method stands alone. Behavior always occurs in a context, and observing in that context is critical for defining and understanding the behavior. Observations may also help to identify the antecedents (what happens before the target behavior) and consequences (what happens after the target behavior) so that meaningful behavioral interventions can be developed. The data we collect during systematic classroom observations is used as a baseline, and/or present level of performance for an IEP. We might also use the data to evaluate whether or not an intervention is working. Observation is one...
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...Mawhinney@udmercy.edu College of Business Information : Emergency Phone: 313 993-1200 Ask for Wendy FAX (U of D, running most of the time): 313 993-1673 UD Mercy Bookstore Textbook Information & Online Purchase Options Follow either link below, first is bookstore “in general” second is for our specific text book: CAUTION and ADVICE : DO NOT use an “international edition” of this text book or any other edition unless it is THIS text in paperback or electronic format. The campus bookstore will have the exact text we will use in class. There is a good chance that if you use a different edition, e.g., international edition, it will differ in some important ways from the text described above. Please use the following: Title: Organizations: Behavior, Structure, Processes Fourteenth Edition Authors: James L. Gibson, John M. Ivancevich, James H. Donnelly, Jr., Robert Konopaske Publisher: Published by McGraw - Hill, Copyright © 2012 ISBN 978-0-07- 811266 -9 ( soft cover : alk. or hard cover, whichever you like if available) REVISED July 26, 2013 Disability Support Services and Accommodations Information Disability Support Services and Accommodations: It is very important for students to be proactive with regard to requesting disability accommodations. While it is never required that you disclose your disability to your professors, all students at...
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...Behavior Intervention Plan Target Behavior and Client Background Part 1 CLIENT: Sara F. DOB: 05/17/2006 1. Client Background Sara is a five year old female with no major medical problems. She lives at home with her mother, father, and two sisters. Sara attends a school for children with developmental disabilities. Sara attends school five days per week from 830 to 230. Her class is made up of 6 other students, one special education teacher and 2 to 3 aides. Sara has trouble with transitions both at school and in her home. Sara loves to go to school, but has trouble with the transitions throughout her day. Her parents have seen this in the home as well. Sara’s parents report that she will throw scream, cry, bite, kick climb on furniture and swipe items onto the floor Sara also will throw self onto the floor. This behavior occurs daily. It has also been witnessed by the parents the Sara become angry when she is asked to move to the next activity or tasks. The episodes will last from anywhere from 2 minute up to one hour. The staff at school did a recording of the episodes. The durations of the behavior and what prompted this behavior to happen. Sara parents want this behavior to stop, so they will start a plan at home...
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...Changing Behavior: Insights and Applications Annette Frahm, project manager Dave Galvin Gail Gensler Gail Savina Anne Moser December 1995 Revised June 2001 Local Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County King County Water Pollution Control Division 130 Nickerson St., Suite 100 Seattle, Washington 98109 (206) 263-3050; haz.waste@metrokc.gov Prog-3(12/95)rev.6/01 Introduction Have you ever tried to get a smoker to stop? A kid to start wearing a bike helmet? An aerosol user to switch? Changing behavior is both art and science, and much can be learned from others’ attempts to change behavior that can make our work more effective. A project team at the Local Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County, Washington, spent several months in 1995 reading behavior change literature from energy conservation, recycling, health education and other fields, looking for insights. We distilled many of the principles found in the literature into workshops for staff, hoping to make their efforts to change business’ and the public’s hazardous waste behavior more effective. At the workshops, we presented some key behavior change principles, a panel shared their insights, and staff worked through an exercise to learn how to apply the principles to their work. This report summarizes our findings and includes examples from field experience. A key insight from the project is that information alone is not enough to change behavior. As government workers, we often try to...
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... The most notable theory from this time the Socratic Method, which consists of posing probing questions to students rather than espousing a hierarchy of knowledge. Brief History of its Founding Modern theories such as behaviorism, founded in the early twentieth century, are associated with theorists including Watson, Skinner, Pavlov and Thorndike. Watson known as the father of behaviorism proposed an alternative to the views of Wilhelm Wundt the founder of the discipline of psychology in1879. (Moore, 2011, p. 1). According to Moore, “Wundt assumed that the study of consciousness or subjective mental life was the appropriate subject matter for psychology.” (Moore, 2011, p. 1, para.1). Watson proposed that study and analysis should focus on observable behavior and that concerns with consciousness only hampered the process. (Driscoll, 2005, p. 31)...
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