...Psychology, Unit 3 - Chapter 2: Consciousness Consciousness: being aware of external and internal stimuli at any given moment, which also gives a: * Sense of personal identity and individual way of perceiving the world. It can include your senses and * Perceptions of the world around you as well as memories, beliefs and attitudes Consciousness is also described to be: * Personal - it is subjective and your own perception of your internal world and the external world * Selective - you are able to limit and restrict your attention and channel your focus onto whatever * Continuous - there is never a break in your consciousness or a time where it is empty * Changing - your thoughts are constantly changing as they are easily influenced by external stimuli RENE DESCARTES - MIND & BODY ARE SEPARATE BUT INTERCONNECTED The mind-body problem debates whether the mind and body can interact, and how, or if there is even a ‘mind’ or ‘body’. Rene Descartes dualism theory states the two substances are distinct, as one is physical and one is non-physical. He believes they are able to interact through the pineal gland, which is the center of the brain (it was later discovered that’s actually where hormones are) and that the two substances can affect each other. He defined consciousness as ‘encompassing everything we are aware of, including our own existence’. It exists in the mind or ‘soul’, but also in our body because the soul does not occupy space. His quote...
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...In reference to attention and absentmindedness, Bor states, “What I attend to is what I’m conscious of, and whatever falls outside of my attention is processed, if at all, by my unconscious mind alone” (112). This makes intuitive sense. For instance, if you’re driving home from work and are playing around with the radio, you may accidentally pass your street. Your attention is directed toward the radio and you are conscious of the song that’s playing; however, you are not conscious of your street as you pass it (or it is processed by your unconscious) because your attention is directed elsewhere. Later in the book, Bor addresses working memory by writing, “…I firmly agree with [Bernard] Baars that consciousness and working memory are largely synonymous processes, and that attention is the critical means by which items enter into consciousness” (136). Here, it is easy to see the connection between working memory, attention, and consciousness as defined by Bor. However, taken in conjunction with the aforementioned article, the picture becomes much...
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...Self-Consciousness, Gender vs. Depression Samantha Sanchez Boston University Course unit name July 22nd2015 Author Note This paper was prepared for course unit, taught by Instructor name Self-Consciousness, Gender vs. Depression Current research provides a wide overview of both founding and the present appreciation of the dispositional construct of self-consciousness. Several studies have established the significance of gender and its psychological implications such as mortality concerns and self-consciousness as important factors in determining depression levels in human beings. Understanding the impact of these psychological implications on the emotional vulnerabilities especially in the adolescents has been a major subject of interest in most research work on self-consciousness. This paper presents an analytical study of the influence of psychosocial variables. For instance, age, self-esteem, self-attention, self- consciousness, and the extent to which an individual identifies with the societal stereotype of masculinity. In conducting the research several hypothesis were outlined, females in our sample will score higher on all parts of the self-consciousness questionnaire than males. Individuals with higher self-consciousness will show a preference for Invisibility over Flight when given their first chance to indicate their Superpower choice. Finally it is hypothesised that all participants will shift their...
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...Samantha Sanchez Boston University July 22, 2015 Self-consciousness and gender vs. depression In the current research it has have provided a wide overview of both founding and the present appreciation of the dispositional construct of self-consciousness. Several studies have established the significance of gender and psychological implications. Such as mortality concerns and self-consciousness. As important factors in determining depression levels in human beings (Leary & Hoyle, 2013). Understanding the impact of these psychological implications on the emotional vulnerabilities especially in the adolescents has been a major subject of interest in most research work on self-consciousness. This paper presents an analytical study of the influence of psychosocial variables. For instance, age, self-esteem, self-attention, elf-consciousness, and the extent to which an individual identifies with the societal stereotype of masculinity – on depression in adolescents. Further, this paper explores the intra-individual mediators of the relationship between stress and depression in adolescents. Literature review : Self-consciousness as a variable Defined as the propensity to direct thoughtfulness toward the traits of the self, past studies have linked self-consciousness to a wide span of psychological functioning. According to Barios and Belloch (1990), these areas of psychological functioning span from the predisposition of handling of impresses, sociability, and understanding...
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...# 8 Introduction to Phychology BBA-1 Consciousness Instructed By Ms. Ghazala Danish Consciousness: Consciousness refers to your individual awareness of your unique thoughts, memories, feelings, sensations and environment. Your conscious experiences are constantly shifting and changing. It is prosperity of particular parts of the brain, not of the brain as a whole. The awareness of various cognitive processes and making decision. For example, in one moment you may be focused on reading this article. Your consciousness may then shift to the memory of a conversation you had earlier with a co-worker. Next, you might notice how uncomfortable your chair is or maybe you are mentally planning dinner. Cognitive Process: | Cognitive processes are very important for human behavior. It is about knowledge and the way people use their knowledge. For example, sleep, looks dream are count in cognitive process. Consciousness as a social phenomenon: Consciousness is that we aware of ourselves of our thoughts, our perceptions, our actions, our memories and our feelings. Historically, people have taken three philosophical positions about the nature of consciousness. The first and earliest position is that consciousness is not a natural phenomenon, (natural phenomenon is that subject to the laws of nature that all scientists attempt to discover: laws involving matter and purely physical forces. This position says that consciousness is something supernatural and miraculous...
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...Chapter 5 Consciousness Q? What are the greatest mysteries of consciousness? A: Phenomenology: how things seem to conscious person, in their understanding of mind and behavior Problem of others mind -Fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others. -No real way to tell if a person who is conscious from someone who might do and say all the same things as a conscious person who is not conscious -Factor Analysis 1. Capacity for experience: Ability to feel pain, pleasure, hunger, consciousness, anger, or fear. 2. Capacity for agency: Ability for self-control, planning, memory, or thought. (As shown in Figure 5.1, respondents rated some targets as having little experience or agency (the dead person), others as having experiences but little agency (the baby), and yet others as having both experience and agency (adult humans).Still others were perceived to have agency without experiences (the robot,God). The perception of minds, then, involves more than just whether something has a mind. People appreciate that minds both have experiences and act as agents that perform actions) Mind/ Body problem -Another mystery of consciousness is the issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body. -“The mind is what the brain does” -The brain’s activities precede the activities of the conscious mind. The electrical activity in the brains of volunteers was measured using sensors placed on their scalps as they repeatedly decided when to move a hand. The...
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...and retention come from the learning styles each person utilizes. Multi-tasking encompasses my learning style and attention span to meet the challenges of day to day requirements. The insight of multi-tasking, this writer submits the necessity to include my overall learning process that leads to effective multitasking. The learning styles I utilize; auditory, kinesthetic and visual increases the retention of new information and multiple activities. This writer is consummate multi-tasker in my daily work, school, and home activities. My conscious operates in line with focus awareness, but there are divided consciousness tendencies depending on the circumstances. Author Nevid (2015) on consciousness cites, “Consciousness is selective – we have the ability to direct our attention to certain objects, events, or...
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...snatches of pains, drives, daydreams, and consciousness itself, more or less aware of it all (Forman, 2010). Meditationists practice clearing this clutter and reaching to a stage of experiencing inner silence which has been termed as the pure consciousness event (PCE). Pure Consciousness Event lies at the core of mystical experience (Forman, 1990). The assumption that mystical realization is an experiential phenomenon is reflected throughout contemporary scholarship (Woodhull, 2013). However, perenneliasts do not claim that all mystical experiences are same....
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...advertising. Accordingly, behavioral insights based on psychology are used to attract attention. In addition, mental persuasion is necessary to succeed in advertising in today’s society. The advertisement industry uses psychological knowledge of mental laws and aspects, such as attention, sub-consciousness, and automatic reactions of the mind. To begin, advertising companies by knowing the process of human attention, achieve great result in persuading people to purchase their products. Attention, by definition, is often referred as the focus of consciousness. Attention makes the process attended to more clear and distinct in consciousness. Therefore, when people are focused properly, the advertised objects appear to be more clear, distinct, and sharp-cut. In the same way, things of which we are merely conscious tend to be less indistinct, whereas objects we are attending to, are well-defined. For example, the information we receive through commercial, is based on enhanced look of the product, and that product is given to us in unique and distinctive way, so it catches our attention. Commercial industry is very well aware of the mechanic, which rules the process of human attention, and uses its laws to gain maximum profit from advertising, resulting in increased sale. Accordingly, there are few psychic rules, which describe how to achieve desired focus on the product. For instance, attention aids memory. If advertised product has not been attended to, it is very soon forgotten...
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...“What is Hypnosis?” Describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of relaxation in Hypnotherapy The following addresses the question of what hypnosis is by exploring its origins and the evolution to modern day practice. The psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis will then be discussed along with the notable components of suggestion and trance. The vital role of relaxation is also pointed to. Hypnosis is a psychological phenomenon; a natural state of selective, focused attention, and even though it is natural, it remains one of the most fascinating phenomena of the human mind. There is much disagreement and misunderstanding on the subject and there are many different theories and definitions surrounding it. Before discussing the modern theory of hypnosis, it is important to understand where this phenomena has come from. Its earliest existence was found among shamans or witch doctors as they were more commonly known. Shaman would follow strict practices which allowed them to have a strong focus, and these were often accompanied with monotonous and rhythmic chants or drum beats for example. This allowed their subconscious mind to focus and seek out the soul of the patient to heal them. Mesmer (1733-1815) recognised this healing practice and incorporated into his theory of animal magnetism. He believed that a cosmic fluid existed in inanimate objects which was transferred into patients to heal them. Mesmer literally mesmerised...
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...Self-Consciousness Students Name Student ID Professor’s name Date of Submission Introduction Self-consciousness is a concept that is used interchangeably with self-awareness. Self-consciousness in most incidences occurs after someone realizes that some individuals have been observing him or her for a moment. Self-consciousness in psychological terms can sometimes be termed as a disorder. This scenario occurs since it at times affects the development of self-identity. This situation can at times make someone to be nervous or uncomfortable. However, in extreme cases, self-consciousness is capable of triggering emotional arousal hence leading to unprecedented characteristics. Self-consciousness is also known to be responsible for triggering philosophical reflections on given topics. Many philosophers have argued out that self-consciousness can result in many risks in one’s life. It is important to understand that importance of regulating self-consciousness that we possess. This paper will explicitly affirm that women have a higher self-conscious as compared to male counterparts. Individuals with high self-conscious levels have been known to have greater risks of having different disorders that are associated with internalizing things. A person with higher levels of self-consciousness record high levels of anxiety, loneliness, and depression. Studies have revealed that self-consciousness can at an extreme point make people lose their self-worth. In fact, most of the women...
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...two-volume book James wrote about consciousness, sensation, perception, association, memory attention, imagination, reasoning, emotions, and will, all elements of the functions of the mind. One of his most intriguing ideas is the stream of consciousness and its link to selective attention. James described consciousness as a stream of thoughts that flow together to make a whole and not in separate parts. He compares the mind to a sculptor. A sculptor works on a block of stone to form a...
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...As the research of the subject continued and new forms of residual capability were discovered a new ways of categorizing blindsight were invented.These new classifications divide blindsight into action-blindsight that refers to patients ability to move the saccade of their eye to a stimuli in their blind visual field, attention blindsight, that refers to the ability to perceive the direction of motion of the stimuli in their blind field and anosoptia that refers to patients ability to report what is in their blind field although they state they cannot consciously perceive it (Dankert, Revol, Pisella,Krolak-Salmon, Vighetto, Goodale and Rosetti, 2002) According to Overgaard, patients with blindsight opened up a new way of discussing and...
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...Over the past few years the use of technology has increased and led to many consciousness raising uprisings. It is only recently though, that feminism has made its way into the Internet, and made the third wave of feminism felt. As a result, consciousness raising on feminists issues has now become mainstream and has raised many questions on the issue of women’s rights. The concept is not a new one, but it is one that has gained traction through social media, the news, and blogs. In the process, consciousness raising though the Internet has brought many changes to the way protests are organized and the way people share their stories. The Internet has started a revolution for feminists. Feminism and consciousness raising has moved in to the digital...
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..................................... 8 The Truth That Is Within You......................................................................................... 10 1. YOU ARE NOT YOUR MIND....................................................................................... 13 The Greatest Obstacle to Enlightenment......................................................................... 13 Freeing yourself from your mind .................................................................................... 16 Enlightenment: Rising above Thought............................................................................ 19 Emotion: The Body's Reaction to Your Mind................................................................. 21 2. CONSCIOUSNESS: THE WAY OUT OF PAIN ........................................................... 26 Create No More Pain In The Present............................................................................... 26 Past Pain: Dissolving The Pain-Body ............................................................................. 27 Ego Identification With The Pain-Body.......................................................................... 31 The Origin Of Fear .......................................................................................................... 31 The...
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