...The Financial and Banking System of: Argentina Presented In Partial Fulfillments of the Course Requirements for FIN 4634 International Banking Prepared for: Marcos A. Kerbel Participating Adjunct Professor Department of Finance & Real Estate Florida International University Miami, Florida Prepared by: 11/30/2014 November/30/ 2014 The Financial and Banking System of: Argentina I. Table of Contents 2 II. Geography 4 III. History of the Country 6 IV. The Country's Financial System a. Historical Overview 10 b. Present Monetary Laws and Regulations 11 c. Types of Financial Institutions operating in the country 12 d. The Central Bank 12-13 e. Bank Regulation 13 f. Commercial Banks Operating in the country 15 1. Commercial 15-16 2. Savings & Mortgage Banks 17 3. Other Financial firms 17 V. Country’s Balance of Payment and Balance of Trade- Principal Sources of Exports, Imports, investments, and funds transfers, etc. 18 VI. Foreign Reserves 19 VII. Current Situation of the country's currency 20 VIII. Risk those banks in the selected country face- such Currency, Political, Regulatory, Crime, etc. 20 IX. What is the Country doing about Preventing, Detecting and Eradicating Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing? 21 X. Important Bank Failures and Scandals...
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...Management and Technological Engineering, Volume X (XX), 2011, NR2 FINANCIAL CRISIS EFFECTS ON ROMANIAN BANKING SYSTEM Anca Maria Roşu Academy of Economic Studies of Bucharest, Institute of Doctoral Studies, anca.rosu@yahoo.com Keywords: financial crisis, effects, marketing strategy, banking services, Romania Abstract: The financial turmoil has prompted a reality check of the banking system. This paper builds on an overview of the global financial crisis effect in Romania, emphasis the reaction of the banks in the economic crisis context and how their behavior changed and extends with measures undertaken for mitigating the effect of the crisis to enable a better understanding of the changes and trends of bank marketing strategies during crises. The purpose of the paper is to give suggestions on possible policy responses to the changing consumer buying behavior and to address the effects of the crisis on banking sector strategies. 1 Introduction The National Bureau of Economic Research defines a crisis as a major reduction in economic activity for several months, reflected in the decrease of GDP, decline of individual’s income, reduction of the level of employment, decline of industrial production and consumption. The majority of banking crises follow a common pattern of causes and consequences [Klomp, 2010]. Banking crises are initiated by deregulatory measures, which lead to overly...
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...Islamic Banking in Pakistan & Malaysia: An Analytical Review Abstract This study compares Islamic banking operations currently practiced in Pakistan and Malaysia. Both countries started Islamic banking in early 1980’s but employed entirely different approaches. Pakistan attempted to convert the entire financial system in accordance with Islamic law at once at national level. Malaysia adopted the gradual application approach. It allowed Islamic and conventional banking systems to operate and to compete for deposits on parallel basis. This study examines the Pakistani and Malaysian approaches towards the implementation of Islamic banking in their respective countries. It recognizes lack of commitment and long term planning problems in case of Pakistan. Introduction Islamic banking system has emerged as a competitive and a viable substitute for the conventional banking system during the last three decades. It is especially true for Muslim world where presently Islamic banking strides at two separate fronts. At one side, efforts are also underway to covert the entire financial systems in accordance to Islamic laws (Shariah). At the other side, separate Islamic banks are allowed to operate in parallel to conventional interest based banks. Pakistan and Malaysia are the two good examples of above mentioned approaches. Both countries adopted different tracks for the same ultimate destination of developing full fledge viable Islamic financial system and produced...
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...BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Electronic banking has long been recognized to play an important role in economic development on the basis of their ability to create liquidity in the economy through financial intermediation between savers and borrowers. It also offers financial services and products that accelerate settlement of transactions and in the process reduce cash intensity in the financial system, encourage banking culture, and catalyses economic growth. However, for the effective functioning of the financial system, the payment systems must be safe and efficient; otherwise they can be a channel for the transmission of disturbances from one part of the economy or financial system to others. This is why central bank have been active in promoting sound and efficient payments system and in seeking the means to reduce risks associated with the system. Nigeria historically operated a cash-driven economy particularly in the consumer sector, however the system has witnessed improvements over the years, and particular in recent times has moved from its rudimentary level of the early years of banking business to the current state of sophistication comparable to other economies at the same level of development. One important reason for financial liberalization and deregulation is the need to develop a good payment system which promotes an appropriate mechanism for efficiency in mobilizing and allocating financial resources in the economy. The payment system occupies an important place in the...
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...Issue : 1 | Jan 2014 ISSN - 2250-1991 Research Paper Commerce Mobile Banking in Rural India: Roadmap to Financial Inclusion * Ms.Rati Dhillon * Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, Bharati College, University of Delhi t ABSTRACT The concept of digital inclusion in the banking industry has become a parlance in the worldwide. The term digital inclusion provides the people the skills of basic technology to participate in the knowledge economy that lead to an enhanced performance of macro-economic. The study deals with the mobile banking in India. This study in detail discusses about the mobile banking, the emergence of mobile banking and present scenario in India, mobile banking in rural areas of India, how mobile banking helps in achieving financial inclusion. Further it will also discuss how mobile banking helps in overcoming the financial challenges with the analysis of scope of mobile banking in the near future. Keywords : Digital Inclusion, Banking, Mobile Banking, Rural, Financial Inclusion Introduction to Mobile Banking According to Tiwari and Buse (2007) mobile banking is also referred as m-banking, SMS banking and so on. Mobile banking is the term used for performing account transactions, balance checks, credit applications, payments and more through a mobile device like tablet computer like iPad or mobile phone. Mobile banking is a provision offered by financial and banking institutions that help users avail their services with the help of devices like...
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...An Overview of the Malaysian Banking Sector FINA0501 ASIAN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS TERM PAPER LEE JUNHONG, JEREMY 2010540826 I. Introduction Malaysia has been an important player in the Asian economy since the early days of independence, and even before that, as a British protectorate. It is currently the third largest economy in Southeast Asia, and is the 28th largest economy in the world in terms of purchasing power parity according to the World Bank. Malaysia has also successfully diversified its role by focusing her economy on both the traditional sphere of primary agricultural produce as well as being a hub for light manufacturing in consumer durables and electronics. Strong economic planning and farsighted vision by both the government and central bank has been instrumental in maintaining a strong growth rate of her economy; her combined year on year growth since independence in 1957 has averaged 6.6%, which is no doubt a stellar record and one of the highest in Asia. The financial institutions and their functions have been instrumental in this success, and this paper will strive to highlight the strengths and weaknesses, as well as a general overview of the Malaysian banking sector. I. Historical background The earliest beginnings of the banking sector in Malaysia dates back to the early 19th Century under British influence and the expatriate (mainly British) merchant communities. The Straits Settlements comprising of Singapore, Malacca and Penang were administered...
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... Financial Markets and Institutions ULAB 12/28/2011 Department: USB Section: 01 Islamic banking system Letter of Transmittal December 28, 2011 Shahriar Kabir Lecturer Financial Markets and Institutions ULAB Subject: Request to Accept Term Paper regarding “Islamic Banking System” Dear Sir, We are very pleased to submit the term paper on “Islamic Banking System”. We were assigned to prepare and submit this term paper as the partial fulfillment of the course Financial Markets and Institutions (Course Code: Bus 421). We have tried our best to prepare this term paper perfectly. Nevertheless, this paper has been suffered by time and other resource limitation. We will be obliged, if you kindly accept this term paper. We are ready to make you clear regarding any confusion or further clarification from this term paper. Sincerely yours, Nasrin Akter (On the behalf of all the group members) Table of contain Title | Page no | Executive summary ……………………………………....……4Introduction ……………………………………..….………….5History………………………………….…………….…...........5Features of Islamic bank………………………………………..6Who follow……………………………………………………...6Who are the customers ………………………………………….6Principles of Islamic banking……………………………………6Worldwide Islamic banking ……………………………………..7Activities of Islamic Banks...
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...The U.S. Banking Panic of 1933 and Federal Deposit Insurance 1. In 1929 there were more than 25,000 commercial banks in the U.S. Today there are still approximately 7000 banks. In most other countries there are just a handful of major banks – often 4 to 8 institutions dominate the market place. What explains the vastly different character of the banking system in the U.S. from that of other countries? Similarly, most other countries have not in the past provided government sponsored deposit insurance, though some have put it in place as part of their response to the credit crisis. Does the unique structure of the U.S. banking system indicate a greater need for such insurance? In 1933, banks in the United States were unsecure and there was widespread fear based on the previous closures. Depositors panicked as banks were experiencing difficulties. What differentiated U.S banks from other banks is that US banks were composed of two main banks: national banks that were following the federal law and regulation and which it could share funds and resources across US, and the State banks that were following the state law and regulations. It was proven after the crisis that local units banks were more vulnerable to the crisis than national banks. Many states restricted branch banks form developing that made some banks riskier and it limited their liquidity. In 1929 crash, customers were unable to pay back their loans that led to a severe liquidity problem as payment of loans and...
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...Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review Vol. 1, No.4; November 2011 THE SURVIVAL OF ISLAMIC BANKING VIS-À-VIS NON-INTEREST BANKING IN NIGERIA, AN OVERVIEW DR. AKINYEMI BALOGUN,* Head of Department, Accounting and Banking &Finance/Business Administration, Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria ABSTRACT This Paper Examines and gives an Overview of the Survival of Islamic Banking visà-vis Non-Interest Banking In the Nigerian Economy, its background and Origin, a review on non-interest banking system in Nigeria compared with other countries, arguments from different analyst on Non-interest banking System, the implication of statutory auditor, the implication, the role of auditor, the laws and guidelines guiding non-interest banking in Nigeria, differences between Islamic banking system and conventional banking System, its benefit, timing, profit sharing and problem. KEYWORDS: Non-interest Banking, Islamic Banking, Statutory Auditors, Guidelines, Conventional Banks, Nigerian Economy, Overview, Benefits and profit sharing. *Dr. Akinyemi Balogun is a multi professional, a financial expert, a manager of repute, a chartered banker and associate chartered institute of marketing, fellow national institute of marketing, associate chattered institute of management. Dr. Akinyemi Balogun is the head of department of Business Administration, college of social and management sciences (COSMAS), in Achievers University, Owo. The views expressed in the paper are purely...
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...Banking system in the lower Mekong system Introduction In the last century, many reforms of the banking system have been done in Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Cambodia and Vietnam, the lower Mekong countries. Various policies and regulations were formulated in order to resolve the problems which were caused by planned economics system in these three countries. The development of financial system was mainly controlled by government and less freedom can be given so that it caused the less-developed problems among these Mekong countries. However, during the last decades, with the distribution of market-oriented economy government released the control of private enterprises and the discrimination of small and medium enterprises have been gradually eliminated. The banking system faced new challenge. New reforms should be done to adapt to the changing circumstance. The new regulatory and supervisory was strengthened for more efficient banking system. This essay will first illustrate the banking system in these three countries respectively and then find some similarities or differences between them during the reforms. Finally conclusion will be illustrated. Banking system in Vietnam In order to adapt to the transformation of economy system in Vietnam, much attention are paid on the banking reform and optimization. The financial liberalization process has been continued to accelerate. (1) The government made the duties of specialized banks clear and commercialized the operation...
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...Financial Regulation Banking and Financial Institutions Act, 1989 (BAFIA) is one of the financial regulation The Banking and Financial Institutions Act, 1989 (BAFIA) was passed in Parliament and came into force on October 1, 1989. The BAFIA has effectively replaced the Banking Act 1973 and the Finance Companies Act 1969. The Islamic Banking Act 1983, however, is not affected. The BAFIA is a comprehensive act and extends comprehensive powers to Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) to supervise a larger spectrum of financial institutions, with the direct responsibilities to regulate and supervise all licensed institutions (commercial banks, finance companies, merchant banks, discount houses and money brokers) The Act also provides BNM the regulatory power to regulate the following: • Control of establishment or acquisition of subsidiaries or opening of offices in Malaysia by a local or foreign licensed institutions • Maintenance of reserve fund, capital, net working funds, liquid assets by the financial institutions • Appointment of auditors, submission of financial statement, exhibition of financial statements, submission of statistics to BNM. Insurance Act 1996 Under the Insurance Act 1996, BNM retains a substantial degree of regulatory control over the management, control of licensees and the critical aspects of their operations. Among the areas subject to BNM’s approval under the Insurance Act 1996 are : • The appointment of directors and chief executive officers; • The...
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...Islamic Banking: Answers to Some Frequently Asked Questions 9 ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK ISLAMIC RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE ISLAMIC BANKING: ANSWERS TO SOME FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Mabid Ali Al-Jarhi and Munawar Iqbal Occasional Paper No.4 1422H 2001 Mabid Al-Jarhi and Munawar Iqbal 10 Islamic Banking: Answers to Some Frequently Asked Questions 11Mabid Al-Jarhi and Munawar Iqbal 12 Islamic Banking: Answers to Some Frequently Asked Questions 13 FOREWORD In the last quarter of a century, there has been a great interest in the Islamic banking system both at private and public levels. There is an earnest and widespread desire to understand the system. Academicians, bankers and general public, all, have some genuine questions and concerns. Policy makers in the monetary and financial sectors of the IDB member countries have also often asked the Islamic Research and Training Institute (IRTI) some basic questions of theoretical and practical importance about the elimination of interest from the national economies of Muslim countries and the transformation of the prevailing conventional system to an Islamic one. Some of these questions reflect a desire to understand the basic concepts of Islamic finance while others relate to the creation of an enabling environment through macroeconomic reform and structural adjustments that are needed to establish the Islamic financial system and the complications that arise when an effort is made to bring about the transformation...
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...* Critical Analysis on Costs and Benefits of the Financial Sector Within the UK. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Introduction The international financial crisis has drawn an international attention in financial regulation and policies made by governments have become increasingly prominent. In particular, strengthening financial regulation in London as an international financial centre requires huge efforts. London has been able to an international financial centre continuously, mainly due to a large number talent are familiar with the financial industry London has a unique advantage in language and location (Re, 2005). In addition to banking sectors, insurance, trust, securities and asset management business also developed. However DeMartino (2000) highlighted the current global economic depression and international financial crisis, along with UK Treasury published paper “The reform of the financial markets” referred to as “the worst crisis in 60 years”. In contrast, Frieden (2000) described the analysis of the causes of the British government's international financial crisis, and make policy recommendations on how to strengthen financial regulation. UK Financial Regulation Authorities According to Green (2011) Britain's “2009 Banking Act” was taken effect in which compared with the previous various banking laws, this law shows characteristics such as authorizing the Bank...
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...Implications of M&As of Banking sector on Indian economy Author Author Shilpa Vivek Agrawal Shreya Deepak Saraf Novel Institute of Management Studies, Novel Institute of Management Studies Chinchwad, Pune. India. Chinchwad, Pune. India. Co-Author Dr. D.M Gujarathi Chairman BOS, Cost and Works Accounting University of Pune, India --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract Financial System is the most important institutional and functional vehicle for economic transformation of any country. India is slowly but surely moving from a regime of 'large number of small banks' to 'small number of large banks. The process of mergers and acquisitions has gained substantial importance in today's corporate world. This process is extensively used for restructuring the business organizations. In India, the concept of mergers and acquisitions was initiated by the government bodies. M & A in banking sector have been on rise in recent past both globally & in India. With the help of mergers and acquisitions in the banking sector, the banks can achieve significant growth...
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...Introduction Indian banking system has emerged as a vibrant sector in the Indian economy. Strong regulatory mechanism, inherent strength in the economy, and progressive policy framework which supports, nurtures, and helps in growing the financial institutions. Indian financial services industry is dominated by the banking sector that contributes significantly to the level of economic activity. The banking structure in India is broadly classified into public sector banks, private sector banks and foreign banks. The public sector banks continue to dominate the banking industry, in terms of lending and borrowing, and it has widely spread out branches which help greatly in pooling up of resources as well as in revenue generation for credit creation. The role of banks in accelerating economic development of the country has been increasingly recognized since the nationalization This facilitated the rapid expansion of banking in terms of its geographical reach covering rural India, in turn leading to significant growth in deposits and advances. Eventually, however, the government used banking sector to finance its own deficit by frequently increasing cash reserve ratios (CRR) and statutory liquidity ratio (SLR). Deregulation of the Indian financial system in 1991 followed by various financial sector reforms during the period 1990 through 1998 led to a major restructuring of the Indian banking industry. India has entered high growth trajectory with the initiation of economic reforms...
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