...COMMUNICATION AND ENGAGMENT GLST 650 BY Walter A. Culup JANURARY 26, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………..….3 SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………………………….4 CRITICAL INTERACTION……………………………………………………………………...6 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………………........9 BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………………………….10 INTRODUCTION One of the debates which arises when we examine Christian ministry is: What is the role of women in the ministry? What does the Bible say about this topic? While no conclusion or consensus has been reached on the topic there are two view points and positions which have arisen to the forefront of the debate. First we have the egalitarian view which holds the position that ministerial opportunities should be equal for both men and women. Then we have the complementarian view which presents the belief that ministerial roles should be differentiated by gender. James Beck’s book TwoViews on Women in Ministry explores both of these positions by examining four articles, two of each opposing viewpoints along with three critical responses to each article. The goal of the text is to compare and contrast both positions, thus giving the reader enough information to form their own opinion and position on the topic. The editor of the book Dr. James Beck is a faculty member of Denver Seminary in the counseling department. Beck is a senior professor of counseling and...
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...Gatewood 4 December 2012 Parental Gender Roles Image this; your significant other and you are blessed with a beautiful baby boy. Because of a health reason the man in the relationship cannot partake in the work force and results with the woman bringing the family income. The man, in turn, is a stay at home father and raises his son as such while the mother is more distant. Is it safe to say that your family’s house hold will be the reason for your son being homosexual? Or is safe to say that your son’s homosexuality isn’t a result of your family’s way of life but that your family’s way of life is not of God due to the lack of gender roles? The presence of or lack of parental gender roles and stereotypes have an effect on a developing child. Concerning the debate over the necessity of parental gender roles, I support the position that parental gender roles are unnecessary while raising children. I stand against the opposing position that parental gender roles are necessary and that the child will be hindered without them. In the first section of this paper, I will explain the first opposing argument, which states that parental gender roles are a necessity in the Christian faith. I will disprove this argument by stating that the Holy Bible has not been proven to withhold un-tampered words from the Lord. In the second section, I will examine the second opposing argument, which states that the lack of parental gender roles will create sex role insecurity and homosexuality. I will...
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...Gender dynamics and romantic relationships in the tales of The Thousands And One Nights seem to mold the story into life. The same gender dynamics in today’s society are just as, strong as they were thousands of years ago. Yet today’s society has begun to fight for not only women’s rights, but also all people’s rights. In high paying jobs women are starting to step to the plate and play a bigger role. Women are starting to be more permissible doing more than just work in the house. In todays society women are starting to practice the same rights as men. They're now permitted to voice their opinions in ways like never before. In 2018 women are finally being heard. Some relationships between women, and men are being altered all around the world,...
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... Thursday March 17, 2016 Colangelo 2 It is accurate to suggest that gender inequality is an ever present problem in today's society. But in taking a deeper look at the substantial issue, is one of its main sources of instigation from religion? There is imbalance in the way in which men and women are treated and respected in the Bible. And despite the blatancy of this concern, studies conducted on the disparity in religion, culture, and gender are still relatively new. In Mallory Nye's Religion: The Basics, Darlene Juschka comments, "it is evident that some fields of study are less receptive to feminist perspectives...The study of religion has been one of those disciplines." There is a lack of recognition and awareness for the issue, mostly due to androcentrism. Although this will be discussed in further detail later on, it is important to understand this concept as a point of reference. Androcentrism denotes that the male perspective is held at the central point of one's world view and therefore holds great weight for why the female perspective has not been properly acknowledged. But the Bible is not the only source of gender prejudice. Greek mythology encompasses similar distinctions in sexual orientation and their respective male and female role imbalance in society. Despite...
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...from a feminist perspective. It can be argued that feminist theology just wants equality between men and women, however, It can also be put across that seeking equality is not their only aim. Liberal feminist theology is fundamentally rooted in the Enlightenment philosophers who place a high value on reason and recognise that men and women share the same powers of reason. Key thinkers, such as Immanuel Kant, think that whilst there may be physical differences between men and women, there is no difference in terms of human reason. Liberal feminist theologians argue that although the Bible is often patriarchal and biased against women, there is nevertheless a strand which runs from Genesis to Galatians which consider men and women to be created equally in the image of God and therefore entitled to equal respect. They would argue that the Bible shows that women can perform a wide variety of roles and that certain texts are particularly important in demonstrating this. One is the story of Deborah. The scripture characterises Deborah as a prophet, judge and poet. She summons the Israelite commander Barak, addresses him forcefully with a command from the Lord and gives him specific tactical orders. A stark contrast to the strength and leadership of Deborah is the submissiveness of Jephthah's daughter. Stanton rejected the way the story was interpreted and hypothesised a better ending- one which involved Jephthah's daughter standing up for herself and rejected her vow. The fact that...
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...When we see a woman dressed either as a “typical woman” or a “typical man” we ignore how they look and we also have a few questions in our minds as to what their sexuality is. However, when a man is dressed as a “woman” then there is an uprising and people want to do everything to convince them that it is not okay and it is “unnatural” or asking them questions like “are you confused?”. Why do we accept women’s gender identity and expression, but not men’s gender identity and expression. Gender expression is the way people express themselves on the outside. One can show expression by dressing a specific way, there are multiple ways to show gender. Also, people can show their gender identity by taking on stereotypes of one gender...
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...Bradley Isbell Doctor James Strange Life and Letters of Paul 5.6.2010 Biblical Studies and the Gender Question in the Church The role of gender in the church is one of the toughest issues facing the church-body today. In fact, the role of women in all parts of society has come under scrutiny over the years. Concern and sharp disagreements across the globe are shedding light on the role women should play, do play, and are restricted from playing in the church. Many answers have emerged but no definitive conclusions have come to the surface. This is in part due to the apparent conflicting evidence that we see in biblical texts. It seems that everyone has an opinion on what it actually says. While some churches whose traditions and practices are less rigidly tied to Biblical doctrines have begun placing women in leadership positions such as pastor or teachers, others that interpret the Bible more literally have been slow to adopt changes. The opposing egalitarian and complementarian views on gender illustrated by the following interpretations can be attributed to differing approaches to exegetical techniques, hermeneutical principles, outside authorities, and contrasting ideas on authenticity both literal and situation-specific in scripture. These ideas will be explored a bit later. To begin our discussion we need a general explanation of what is meant by an egalitarian or complementarian view. Egalitarianism is a moral code that holds that everyone should be...
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...SIMILARITIES BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN IN THE FIELD OF RELIGION Student name Institution Introduction Religion plays a very great role in define the gender roles today. Islam as a religion is perceived as the most oppressive doctrines to women, followed by the Judaism, and then the Christianity religion (Keller, 1997). But a closer look at Christianity, one is quick to note that, they have mixed views when it comes to the attitude they have toward the Christian women (Lindsey, 1994). Christianity religion always hangs up about sex. Since from the past women had been perceived as objects of men's sexual desires, women are normally seen as whores and temptress. The Bible talks about a story where Eve tempted Adam, and through their actions, sinfulness was unleashed to humanity (Ruether, 2000). Some church pastors never forgave Eve for that, however, Adam wasn't assigned equal responsibility for their actions. On the other hand, Christianity is built on the firm foundation that men and women are equal in the eyes of God. The savior (Jesus Christ) was also born of a woman called Mary. She is considered a saint in whom the Catholic Church adherent pray. Also, women were very active in Jesus ministry just like men. This paper focus on the similarities of men and women as seen in the Christianity religious perspective (Soothill, 2007). Men and women are equal. ...
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...Evaluate feminist views on the role of religion in society today. [33 marks] Feminism is a structural theory that takes a conflict view upon society. They view religion as a socially constructed institution in society that promotes patriarchy and is a tool used by men to oppress women. Feminism point out that religion is founded upon male-values, and use the example of Mary Magdalen’s unknown marriage to Jesus as a key point. However, some may point out that Feminist views on religion are outdated as religion today is less prevalent and no longer holds these patriarchal values as they previously have, and if there are any left, they are quickly disappearing. Firstly, a strength of Feminist views on religion is that they have recognised and criticised the inequality that is prevalent in religious organisations. They point out that women are not allowed access to the upper positions in the religious hierarchy in many of the traditional religions. For example, Orthodox Judaism and Catholicism forbid women to become priests. Karen Armstrong says to this that ‘the exclusion of women from the priesthood as evidence of their marginalisation’. On the other hand, the Church of England allowed for female vicars in 1994, and more recently in 2014/5, allowed for female bishops, with Libby Lane being the first. In addition, on the 12th January 2016, New Jersey Synagogue announced that they had hired the first female Orthodox Rabbi. However, one could point out that although women can...
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...ocean, but he also delivered them at him. Berndt had four boys form a previous marriage, and two children with Karen’s mother; Karen was the youngest of her brothers and the only daughter. In the 1800’s a women was expected to marry if she was not going to live her life as a caretaker for her own mother or as nun. Clotide, was referred to as Sonni by Berndt and her children because she was such a freethinker. Karen’s father was harshly religious and she was only allowed to read the bible after she learned how to read. Berndt applied the values of his religious belief harshly at home and commanded total loyalty to the church (Rubins, 1978). Karen’s childhood was difficult and by the time she was nine years old she began to battle depression. Karen became uneasy toward religion, along with social expectations and gender roles. Karen was confused on why she was not treated equally to her brother and her father seemed to prefer Berndt junior over herself. Karen could not understand why in the Bible women were declared a secondary creation...
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...these recent studies. We have found that the biblical witness is consistent with regard to the divine ideal for headship/submission/equality in man-woman relationships. Before the Fall there was full equality with no headship/submission in the relationship between Adam and Eve (Gen 2:24). But after the Fall, according to Gen 3:16, the husband was given a servant headship role to preserve the harmony of the home, while at the same time the model of equal partnership was still set forth as the ideal. This post-Fall prescription of husband headship and wife submission was limited to the husband-wife relationship. In the divine revelation throughout the rest of the Old Testament and New Testament witness, servant headship and voluntary submission on the part of husband and wife, respectively, are affirmed, but these are never broadened to the covenant community in such a way as to prohibit women from taking positions of leadership, including headship positions over men. Increasing numbers of women are entering the ordained ministry of the Christian Church. Whether they embrace or challenge traditional female roles, clergywomen are changing some aspects of the ministry, not least through their skills at counselling and their person-centered focus. By comparing British and American data, this paper argues that female ministers differ from their male colleagues in terms of their personal characteristics, their reasons for choosing the clerical profession and the factors they find rewarding...
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...CHAPTER 1 Background of the Study The existence of successful women like Cory Aquino, Hillary Clinton and Oprah Winfrey might cause some individuals to believe that the gender equity gap in business is narrowing quickly. For the past 50 years, laws such women rights have protected women from overt discrimination in the workplace. However, despite these examples of prosperous women and legal mechanisms, gender inequity continues to exist in the workplace (King, 2006; Sarra, 2005; Scott & Nolan, 2007). Of the 75,768 claims filed through the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in fiscal year 2006, 30.7% were gender related (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2007). Theorical Framework To comprehend perceptions of inequality and the...
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...Assess the view that women are no longer oppressed by religion (18 marks) The view that women are no longer oppressed by religion is prevalent in society today, however there is a lot of evidence to suggest that this is not the case and that women are still very much being oppressed by some aspects of religion. Feminists would argue that religion is a patriarchal institute, and in religion, there has never been equality for women. Firstly, historically, wherever nature is conceptualised, the role of women has been seen in terms of their ‘essential femininity’, that is, as being naturally different creatures to males. Thus, within the philosophies of New Age cults, women tend to be afforded to a much higher status than men. This is one of the reasons that may explain the development and involvement of women in New age Movements (NAMS). Many NAMs emphasise nature, such as using homeopathic remedies, aromatherapy and massage. Bruce argues that the private sphere of cult activity appeals to women because it’s like the private sphere of the home. Glock and Stark would take it further to support this view and argue that women are more likely to participate in these kind of sects because they’re more likely to experience poverty and social deprivation, having a lack of power, prestige and social status (relative deprivation) Women are also more likely to suffer from mental/emotional problems (search for healing), and ethically are more conservative than men, so therefore get involved...
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...regardless of their economic position, gender or race. Although diverse societies sometimes have difficulty when creating governing rules they profit from perspectives that may be unknown in a non-diverse society. The idea that all people have something unique to offer in our society must be protected. Protecting that concept will allow us to continue evolve, be focused on our future and learn from our past. Lack of diversity; the negative impacts Things that cannot be changed often affect how individuals are treated. It is not possible to change the color of one’s skin or one’s gender. In a diverse society differences are celebrated rather than punished. The current international landscape is quite diverse. Different peoples, roles and opportunities exist in different places worldwide. By contrast, a practice like racism negatively affects society by excluding individuals based on their ethnicity. It will be to our advantage to stop evaluating people based on things they cannot change and instead evaluate them based on their future and current capabilities. Diversity is the equal treatment, compensation, and inclusion of people from all groups. Equality of treatment Primarily, in a diverse society people from all groups are treated equally. When a female qualifies for a traditionally male position they are treated the same as their male counterparts. For example, some roles in the United States are typically segregated by gender. In the instance of home construction...
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...Christian Rossetti’s poem, “Goblin Market” has many aspects that influenced and changed how British literature was seen at the time. In this excerpt specifically, one can see that one of the main characters, Lizzie, is advising her sister, Laura, to stay clear of the goblin men. Male vs Females As a whole, there are many interpretations and allusions present in this poem, but two specific interpretations that stand out most to scholars as well as to readers. The first being the erotic desire and blatant sexual tone used by Rossetti, and the second being the allegory of the fall of man, concerned temptation, mentioned in the Bible. Christina Rossetti was known for being a strongly religious woman who also greatly influenced the Victorian era with her views on female...
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