...city, state, and Federal governments. To bring the efforts of these first responders and government entities together, health care organizations will ultimately bear the heaviest burden as sick and injured citizens arrive at their doors. This paper will explore disaster preparedness from a health care organization’s perspective, looking at the extensive preparation required to adequately deal with an event of serious magnitude. The Importance of Planning Ahead In today’s highly complex world, with the threat of terrorist attacks and natural disasters impacting virtually every major population center, there are myriad scenarios that must be considered and planned for in advance of an actual event. To not do so would render communities woefully unprepared and thus potentially increase the number of casualties through ineffective treatment or no treatment at all. Disasters, both man-made and natural, are characterized through four stages: mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery (National Governors' Association, 1979). While prevention would be the desired mode for disasters, mitigation is sometimes the best case scenario. Since mitigation can only dampen the impact of disasters, preparedness is the key stage, because it ultimately determines the following stages of response and recovery. Within the context of a health care organization, detailed preparations, both on paper and in resources, are vital to a hospital’s ability to cope with an onslaught of casualties...
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...context in which you will be providing this support—the bigger picture, so to speak. Disaster relief operations are complex systems having more to them than just a response mechanism. They require a significant amount of pre-planning. Disaster experts have long known that waiting until a disaster strikes to test a community’s response procedures can be disastrous. How communities respond to disaster can even induce more stress on individuals and place them at risk for developing a variety of adverse reactions and psychological consequences. This section takes the first step towards introducing you to the key elements of disaster management and response at multiple levels. The focus of this chapter is on the framework of disaster planning, preparedness, and response. In the event of a disaster in your community, you may be asked and/or may want to help. It will help you to have an understanding of the structure of the overall response so that you know how your efforts will enhance the overall operation that makes disaster response possible. Disaster Management Continuum1 All disaster response begins at the local level and as such, communities must be prepared for whatever happens, no matter how big or small. Health care systems play an integral role in a community’s disaster response; therefore, these systems must also be prepared to meet the tremendous challenges...
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...NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS ANTHRAX VACCINE AS A COMPONENT OF THE STRATEGIC NATIONAL STOCKPILE: A DILEMMA FOR HOMELAND SECURITY by Thomas L. Rempfer December 2009 Thesis Advisor: Second Reader: Stanley Supinski Dean Lynch Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 2. REPORT DATE December 2009 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED Master’s Thesis 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Anthrax Vaccine as a Component of the Strategic National Stockpile: A Dilemma for Homeland Security 6. AUTHOR(S) Thomas L. Rempfer 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943-5000...
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...Emergency Preparedness Planning Guidelines Version 3, October 2006 Table of Content Foreword 4 Part 1 - Introduction to Emergency Preparedness Planning 5 CARE Approach to Emergency Preparedness 5 Measurement of Preparedness 6 Emergency Preparedness and Contingency Planning 6 Emergency Preparedness Planning Steps 8 Writing and Distributing the Plan 8 Monitoring and Updating the Plan 8 Part II – The Written Plan 10 Executive Summary 10 1. Formation of Emergency Response Team 10 2. Information Collection 11 3. Country Office Capacity Inventory 12 3.1. Country Office Organization Chart 13 3.2. Country Office Human Resources 13 3.3. Country Office Physical Resources 13 3.4. Country Office Key Staff Contact Information 13 3.5. RMU, CARE Lead Member, and CARE International Key Contacts 13 3.6. In Country Coordination Mechanisms and Contacts 13 4. Risk Analysis 13 5. Scenario Development 15 5.1. Scenario 1 16 5.1.1. Scenario Description 16 5.1.2. Impact Analysis 16 5.1.3. Identification of Risk Reduction Measures 17 5.1.4. CARE Prevention and Mitigation Measures 19 5.1.5. CARE Response Strategy 19 5.1.5.1. Criteria for Engagement 20 5.1.5.2. Partnership Analysis 20 5.1.5.3. Geographical Focus 21 5.1.5.4. Objectives of CARE Interventions 21 5.1.5.5. Trigger Indicators 21 5.1.5.6. Key Interventions/Actions 22 5.1.5.7. Entry and Exit/Transition Strategy 24 5.1.6. Local Considerations 24 ...
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...[pic] FOOD SAFETY / FOOD DEFENSE RESPONSE PLAN September 2006 This document was prepared by Kenadine Johnson and staff Montana Office of Public Instruction Helena, Montana FOOD SAFETY/FOOD DEFENSE RESPONSE PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS----------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-3 RESOURCES----------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 A listing of links and papers we used to help compile this document. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ------------------------------------------------------ 5 SECTION I: INTRODUCTION Foreword ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 Introduction-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 Purpose------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 Goals---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 SECTION II: SITUATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS----------------------- 8-9 SECTION III: CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS A. Incident Identification---------------------------------------------------------- 10 B. Notification and Action Triggers--------------------------------------------- 10 C. Communication----------------------------------------------------------------- 11 D. Interstate Coordination--------------------------------------------------------- 11 E. Food Team-----------------------------------------------------------------------...
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... The HCF leaders duties is to develop a written disaster plan that explains the duties of staff and making this plan available to the staff for crisis preparation. To ensure that the safety and well being of patients are certain during emergencies. The development plan must be assigned to personnel who are familiar with the facility. Depending of the community and location. For example, California prepares for an earthquake, Florida for hurricanes, and Montana for snowstorms. It is also required by the Joint Commission to have the HCF to have a hazard vulnerability analysis under the EC 4.10. (Environmental Control). The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations an National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and standards must also be taken into account as well as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Strategic Plan for Preparedness and Response to biological and Chemical terrorism. The American Institute of Architects (AIA) has also issued certain guidelines for design and construction of facilities in locations where there is a recognized potential for certain natural disasters. This plans must provide a process to: Initiate a plan HCF role with community-wide emergency response agencies, including who is in charge, Notify external authorities Notifying Identify and assign personnel during emergencies Managing the following: patients, staff, and staff and family support activities Logistics of critical supplies Security ...
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...demand, prioritize persons requiring healthcare or countermeasure resources • Conduct surveillance o Establish and maintain a registry of potentially exposed persons and assess persons for signs and symptoms, need for decontamination and medical treatment o Assess decontamination, treatment and response to treatment, if applicable o Assess short-term, mid-term and long-term health effects o Monitor the health of emergency responders and working conditions o Monitor the health of persons at shelters or mass care centers and prevent and control outbreaks in crowded settings o Ensure the safety of the food and water supply • Assist with the collection of biological or environmental specimens for analysis at public health laboratories (e.g., DCLS, DRH, CDC or other federal agencies) o During periods of high demand, prioritize biological specimens for laboratory testing (e.g., urine bioassay) to determine order of processing o Collect, manage and analyze data • Provide information o Advise emergency responders on how to protect themselves while responding o Advise the public on how to protect health themselves, their household members and other close contacts, their animals and food and water supplies from contamination by radioactive...
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...Chapter 7: Statutory Authority Chapter Outline 1. Introduction of topics and concepts to be discussed in the chapter. a. Legal basis of modern emergency management in the United States. b. Budget authority. c. Program eligibility. d. Roles and responsibilities. 2. Case Studies a. The National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP): Legislation to Address a Particular Hazard b. The Homeland Security Act of 2002: A New Emergency Management c. The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000: A Shift to Pre-Disaster Mitigation 3. Additional Sources of Information 4. Glossary of Terms 5. Acronyms 6. Discussion Questions a. General b. NEHRP c. Homeland Security Act of 2002 d. DMA 2000 7. Suggested Out of Class Exercises Introduction No emergency management system anywhere in the world can properly function without statutory authority and consistent budget appropriations. Statutory authority defines disasters programs, determines who is eligible for these programs, provides the legal support needed to implement disaster programs and establishes the legal foundation for funding the programs and activities of the disaster agency. Without such authority, a government agency is powerless. Legal Basis of Modern Emergency Management in the United States The first recorded emergency management legislation in the United States occurred in 1803 when a Congressional Act was passed to provide financial...
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...MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Food safety is related to the presence of food-borne hazards in food at the point of consumption (intake by the consumer). As the introduction of food safety hazards can occur at any stage of the food chain, adequate control throughout the food chain is essential. You are required to integrate food safety into Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) management system. Please define the following: a. Correspondence or cross reference between food safety and EHS management system. ISO 22000, published on 1 September 2005, is a new International Standard designed toensure safe food supply chains worldwide and the first of a family on food safety management systems. Food safety management systems – Requirements for any organization in the food chain, provides a framework of internationally harmonized requirements for the global approach that is needed. The standard has been developed within ISO by experts from the food industry, along with representatives of specialized international organizations and in close cooperation with the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the body jointly established by the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) to develop food standards. Many organizations that use ISO 22000 systems are now choosing to also implement ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 compliant systems due to factors such as demands of government regulations, customers, risk management, market requirements and corporate...
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...Bioterrorism After events such as 9/11, terrorism still instills fear into America's population. Why? Simply because it is the one danger the American people cannot control. Biological terrorism is not always feared or worried about, but it is a genuine possibility and a lethal surprise that causes devastation. If not prepared, these deadly pathogens could easily kill a large number of people. With tensions on the rise, what will the government or citizens do to defend themselves? If something happens, how will Americans have the capabilities to care for themselves and families? Bioterrorism is a serious threat that Americans must eradicate to gain biosecurity and to ensure the safety America’s citizens. Biological terrorism, or bioterrorism,...
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...Reducing Crime Despite the enormous volume of criminological writing and debate which has taken place throughout the nineteenth and twentieth century, the resulting theories which have emerged have tended to each focus too heavily on one particular aspect of crime and its control and as such, have proved to be incomplete approaches to our understanding of crime and its reduction; the focus of these being on the victim or on the offender, on the social reaction to crime or on the criminal behaviour itself [Young, 1995, p 102], but never sufficiently all inclusive. As a result, the criminal justice system, in reliance on this partial criminology, has introduced penal measures which have proved completely ineffective in reducing crime. I shall demonstrate my argument with a discussion of post World War II criminology and penology, and provide practical examples of how partial criminology has lead to a failure in crime reduction [by 'partial criminology', I refer to criminological theories which have focussed and relied too heavily on one particular aspect of crime and have as a result, failed to help its reduction]. I shall then conclude this essay by discussing some of the more recent criminological approaches which have emerged in the latter decades of the twentieth century, and discuss how these writings and debate might have paved the way for a brighter future in terms of effective crime control. From the latter part of the 1950's to the early 70's, the study of deviance...
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...Research Methodology Post-Earthquake Relief Action Submitted to, Prof Anuj Bawa By, Shridhar Nayak (CP0812) Romil Sagar (CP1212) Construction and Project Management CEPT University 6th Nov, 2012 Contents 1. Abstract 2. Background 3. Literature review 4. Aim 5. Hypothesis 6. Scope 7. Method of Data collection 8. Survey Questionnaire 9. Gujarat’s Vulnerability to Earthquake 10. Case Study: Bhuj Earthquake 11. Drawbacks of the Bhuj earthquake 12. Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority (GSDMA) 13. Data Analysis 14. Conclusion 15. Bibliography ABSTRACT India has been traditionally vulnerable to natural disasters on account of its unique geo-climatic conditions. Floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes and landslides have been recurrent phenomena. About 60% of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of various intensities; over 40 million hectares is prone to floods; about 8% of the total area is prone to cyclones and 68% of the area is susceptible to drought. In the decade 1990-2000, an average of about 4344 people lost their lives and about 30 million people were affected by disasters every year. This paper emphasis on management during and after an disaster and readiness of the state in response to future earthquakes. BACKGROUND Many Natural Disasters in India have caused havoc to the life and property of citizens and nature as a whole from time to time. These disasters include Cyclones...
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...U.S. Department of Homeland Security Chris Cabral National American University Abstract The primary mission of the Homeland Security Act is to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce the vulnerability of the United States to terrorism, and minimize damage and assist in recovery for terrorist attacks that occur in the United States. The U.S Department of Homeland Security was established after the 9/11 attacks to counter terrorist activities against the United States. Homeland security is officially defined by the National Strategy for Homeland Security as "a concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce America's vulnerability to terrorism, and minimize the damage and recover from attacks that do occur”. The major objective of the Patriot Act is “to deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the world to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools" by dramatically reducing restrictions pertaining to law enforcement requests to search telephone records, e-mail communication, and health records. The Patriot Act allows for the emergency disclosure of electronic communications to protect life and broadens the definition of terrorism to include acts of domestic terrorism. Under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, the Patriot Act allows the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation or a designee of the director to apply for an order requiring the "production of any tangible things (including...
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...Rochelle, NY 10801 Ronald R. Yager Iona College, New Rochelle, NY 10801 ABSTRACT Recent events such as hurricanes, tsunamis, earthquakes, power outages, and the threat of pandemics have highlighted our vulnerability to natural disasters. This vulnerability is exacerbated by many organizations’ increasing dependence on computer, telecommunications, and other technologies, and trends toward integrating suppliers and business partners into everyday business operations. In response many organizations are implementing disaster recovery planning processes. In this paper we discuss how to identify threats and scenarios; how to articulate the disaster recovery strategies; and four elements of the generic disaster recovery plan: Mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. We then provide examples of software that can help disaster recovery professionals in the planning and implementation process. Finally we present some trends that will reinforce the criticality of the issue. Keywords: Disaster Recovery Planning; Business Continuity Planning; Risk Assessment INTRODUCTION Several major natural disasters that have occurred in the past few years have placed disaster management on the front pages: The Tsunami of late 2004, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, and the earthquake in Pakistan in 2005 affected both life and property and emphasized our vulnerability to natural threats. EM-DAT (2006) figures complied by the Belgian Université Catholique de Louvain’s Center for Research on the...
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...Research Methodology Post-Earthquake Relief Action Contents 1. Abstract 2. Background 3. Literature review 4. Aim 5. Hypothesis 6. Scope 7. Method of Data collection 8. Survey Questionnaire 9. Gujarat’s Vulnerability to Earthquake 10. Case Study: Bhuj Earthquake 11. Drawbacks of the Bhuj earthquake 12. Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority (GSDMA) 13. Data Analysis 14. Conclusion 15. Bibliography ABSTRACT India has been traditionally vulnerable to natural disasters on account of its unique geo-climatic conditions. Floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes and landslides have been recurrent phenomena. About 60% of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of various intensities; over 40 million hectares is prone to floods; about 8% of the total area is prone to cyclones and 68% of the area is susceptible to drought. In the decade 1990-2000, an average of about 4344 people lost their lives and about 30 million people were affected by disasters every year. This paper emphasis on management during and after an disaster and readiness of the state in response to future earthquakes. BACKGROUND Many Natural Disasters in India have caused havoc to the life and property of citizens and nature as a whole from time to time. These disasters include Cyclones, Floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, Famines, Drought, and Landslides etc. Amongst all the ones mentioned floods and earthquakes are the most common...
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