...The connection between the medieval religious worldview and artistic conventions that were commonly accepted in that era forms an indispensable premise of the art history studies into the period under consideration1. As the world outlook of the medieval West European society was largely determined by an acute fear of sin and eternal damnation2, a significant portion of the West European art works created between ca 1000 and ca 1500 featured scenes and symbols dealing with the nature of sin and the ways of expunging it from the human life. With the advent of the Renaissance and the subsequent re-focus on the Antiquity-inspired rehabilitation of the human corporeity, the so-called late Gothic art would nevertheless demonstrate its tenacity, especially...
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...historical Jesus not only because he baptized Jesus but because of their conflicting similarities. John and Jesus were both apocalyptic preachers, in the Essene Jewish sub-group, and popular during antiquity. Many scholars actually believe John was more popular in antiquity. Because of his greater popularity, many argue who kick started Christianity John or Jesus? One can see this argument through artistic paintings of John. Art was an important media for communication during antiquity. As Professor Boccaccini mentioned in lecture, most people in antiquity could not read; therefore, they used paintings to communicate. Painters use symbolic elements in their paintings to portray a message. These symbolic elements, such as red for matador, acted as stories or religious instruction (Boccaccini). Just as a written source, one can extract information from these paintings to find out about the historical character John. The first popular painting of John the Baptist originated in the 12th Century, right after the fourth crusade. During this time, medieval churches rushed to get their hands on relics of saints. One popular relic was the head of John the Baptists. Once the Amiens Church claimed to have found the skull of John in 1204, popularity of John the Baptists skyrocketed. The skull had a wound above its right eye (Reed 24). The Church stated the wound was from Herodias stabbing John’s skull after his decapitation (28). This story inspired...
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...The Italian Renaissance marked the beginning of a rebirth in culture and ideas. Art was focused around interest in nature, humanism, individualism, and sometimes religion. Even though these new ideas were already present in the late medieval period, they boomed during the Italian Renaissance. During this era, artists determined how to arrange figures realistically in 3D landscapes. Sculptures were often detailed and beautiful figures that were incredibly realistic. Overall, Italian Renaissance art was beautiful, bright, and something nobody had ever seen before. Raphael is one of the most famous painters in all of history. The School of Athens is known as the most famous work by Raphael. In this fresco, Raphael creates a assembly...
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...Running head: Nichole Wise, Mary Alarcon-Ramirez, Robert Redcay, Christina Villa-Chism University of Phoenix Introduction to Humanities: The Ancient World to Medieval Times HUM/100 Shawmei Dee Hsieh March 22, 2012 Carolingian Architecture In the Carolingian period one of the most famous architectures is Aachen Cathedral also known as the Palatine Chapel and the Imperial Cathedral. The cathedrals unique design was highly influenced by German architecture and had a bit of a gothic flare to it. Symbolically the cathedral was saintly and had impressive historical meaningful value. Another symbolic meaning of the chapel was the mediation between God and common mortals. The chapel held many relics of high importance that were sacred and protected such as the cloak of the Blessed Virgin and the swaddling clothes of the infant Jesus (Sacred Destinations, 2010). The function of the Palatine chapel was to serve as an imperial church and was too based upon the Byzantine church of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy. The cathedrals forms and techniques had an eastern appeal with octagonal shapes, striped arches, marble floors, golden mosaics, and ambulatory are just some examples of the many features the chapel possesses. Most importantly historically and culturally, the Palatine Chapel housed an impressive collection of revered relics. Culturally the cathedral held high religious importance and is one of the oldest churches of Germany (Sacred Destinations,...
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...ART 2 • MUSEUM – BASED ESSAY • DUE: MAY 4/5 Suggested Locations* L.A. Country Museum of Art (LACMA) • lacma.org for info. The Getty Center (Santa Monica) or Getty Villa (Malibu) • getty.edu for info. The assignment is to write an expository essay that focuses on an interpretation of one artwork using a specific symbol or theme (see examples below). Your interpretation must include an analysis of the subject & style of artwork in relation to the function of the object, as we do in class. (Remember the 4 Steps of Interpretation). Also, you should identify the style characteristics of the period-culture to which it belongs. In the paper you will provide “proof” for identifying style and/or meaning by comparing it to objects in your textbook. This assignment is NOT a “report.” That is, you will not find much information about the artwork at the museum. The point of this paper is to interpret the object based on similarities to other objects that are more “known.” Your interpretation should be made primarily of your own observations in relation to the information provided by the textbook and research you conduct about the artworks’ style, symbolism, cultural context, etc. You must support your observations with facts. Also you must properly cite your sources of information in a works cited list. Consult the articles on writing available on our MyECC teamsite in the Writing Resources folder. Examples of Symbols: sun, moon, star, flower, halo, cross, tree, horn, offering...
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...* Architecture Paper * HUM/266 April 16, 2013 * Architecture Paper * This paper will compare the architecture of Classical Greek temple such as the Parthenon and medieval Gothic cathedrals such as Salisbury or Amiens cathedrals. The paper will also include the date each structure was built, the main purpose it was built and the type of architecture. The major architectural innovations in each style and the obvious symbolism of each style will also be included. The integral sculptures will also be included and which style the author personally find more interesting, appealing and why. The Acropolis of Athens is a complex of buildings on top of the Acropolis rock watching over Athens. The most recognizable building on the Acropolis is the Parthenon; this structure is one of the most iconic structures in the world. The building is old but stand strong and continue to influence modern-day architecture every western country. Under the leadership of Pericles, the Parthenon was built sometime between the years 447-432 BCE. The structure was designed to be the focus of the Acropolis building complex and was dedicated to the goddess Athena Pallas. The building project of the Acropolis was to demonstrate the political and cultural achievements of Athens and Greece and to accommodate the enormous statue of Athena that was made of gold and ivory by Pheidias. The Parthenon continues to marvel anyone who visits the historic site. Earthquakes, wars, vandalism and looting...
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...needed to create glass. In the first century BC the glass blowpipe was invented. This discovery revolutionized the glass making techniques, it was now faster, easier and cheaper to make. From there glass making and glass art spread throughout Europe and Northern Africa. The making of colored glass has also been around since ancient times. This process was also thought to have been born by Mesopotamians. Glass is made in colors by adding metals to the mix. Although the art of exact color making was not known until the 8th century when a Persian Chemist, Jabir ibn Hayyan created 46 recipes for creating colored glass. The oxidation of the metals is what ultimately results in the colored glass. The specific art of stained glass windows came about in ancient Roman times. Ancient Romans glazed glass into windows. The used blowing techniques to spin discs and made glass cylinders. The glass was not very transparent. Religions and Christian Churches in particular spurred the patronage of stained glass window making. One of the oldest examples of stained glass is found at the St Paul’s Monastery in Jarrow, England. The monastery was founded in 686 AD. The oldest complete European Windows were at Augsburg Cathedral in Germany. (Pictured below) The patronage of the arts...
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...• Characteristics of Medieval Literature Themes of Medieval Literature: • The Seven Deadly Sins • The Seven Heavenly Virtues • Physiognomy and "The Humours" • Values of "courtly love" • The Code of Chivalry(CF) The Poets and Authors: Caedmon: First English poet; author of "The Dream of the Holy Rood." Venerable Bede: wrote the Ecclesiastical History of England and the scientific treatise, De Natura Rerum. Geoffrey Chaucer: Famous Medieval author of the Canterbury Tales. Margery Kempe: Author of the first autobiography in English. John Gower: Medieval poet and friend of Geoffrey Chaucer Francesco Petrarch: Italian poet, and a humanist. Famous for his poems addressed to Laura. Dante: Medieval poet and politician. Christine de Pizan: Medieval author and feminist. William Longland: English poet who wrote the Vision of Piers Plowman. Boccaccio: Italian writer who was famous for writing the Decameron. Raphael Holinshed: Medieval author of Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland. (KM) Romance: • Chivalry was the reason behind this type of literature. • The greatest English example of the romance is Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. • The romance hero-who often has the help of magic-undertakes a quest to conquer an evil enemy. (KM) Chivalry: • A system of ideals and social codes governing the behavior of knights and gentlewoman. • The rules included: taking an oath of loyalty to the overlord and observing...
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...The rebirth of mankind that brought about ancient Roman and Greek ideals, values, morals and philosophy swept through Europe during the turn of the 14th century. The Renaissance as we call this movement changed the society and culture of Europe. The replacement of medieval ideas with the birth of modern principles changed the whole landscape of Europe and even the world as these ideas would gradually spread to other parts of the globe. It was particularly the Italian Renaissance which instigated these changes. It was when handful of humanists sparked off of what would be the one of the most remarkable revolutions. The Catholic Church started to shift away from being the center of the universe and began to be replaced by ideals such as secularism and individualism; a concept unheard of over the last 1000 years. This Renaissance movement were fueled by the people of Florence more so than any other nation. It was Florence which was the center of Renaissance and where it started off. With the discovery of ancient Roman and Greek manuscripts and art, the prosperous city of Florence soon became a mecca of culture and great achievements. It was in early stages of the Renaissance when the son of a goldsmith, Sandro Botticelli created his most famous works; Primavera and The Birth of Venus. After his death, Botticelli’s masterpieces and his artworks’ importance were obscured and underestimated for nearly 400 years before scholars grasped the importance of his work; primarily Primavera...
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...Many of the medieval manuscripts are known for their stimulating and inspiriting workmanship and the Lindisfarne Gospels is a prime example of one. They were created in the early 8th century for a monastery in Lindisfarne, hence their name, located in the northeastern part of England. A single scribe, known as Eadfrith, who was vastly cared for and respected within his community created the Lindisfarne Gospels in a Latin. The carpet pages as well as the text pages with ornaments of works like these are full of incredible detail and took vast amount of time to complete, believed to take up to ten years. Their smooth intermixing of image and text create a rare viewing experience, which is very different than merely words on paper. I believe The Page with the Beginning of the Text of Matthew’s Gospel represents a good combination of the text and graphics as one. The images on this page are not there to illustrate what is written, but they are more of a support and addition of what is written. For example, the image in this page is very dominant with its long curves and serpent body’s and gives a sense of...
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...Samantha Fitzgerald HIST 110 Winter 2018 How Did Art Reflect the Byzantine Era? INTRO: Art reflects life. Art reflects society. Art reflects emotions. Whether a painting portrays a king, or a building reflects advancements within a society, all art communicates ideas and feelings. While looking at a piece of art, you look into the mind of the artist at that exact period in time. The artist has been influenced by a variety of beliefs, perceptions, and community, all leading up to the final product. During the Byzantine Empire, there was a drastic shift after the Byzantine had separated from, but was an extension of, the Roman Empire. Roman and Greek culture was prevalent in the Byzantine Empire, making this period unique on its own. The laws...
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...the stories people tell, the art and music they make, the buildings they live and work in. The word humanity comes to English from the Latin humanitas, which first shows up with the writer Cicero. He used it to describe good people, that is to say "civilized" human beings. Humane people recognize and practice concepts like "hospitality" and "justice. The humanities introduce us to people we have never met, places we have never visited, and ideas that may have never crossed our minds. By showing how others have lived and thought about life, the humanities help us decide what is important in our own lives and what we can do to make them better. 2. What is Art? The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power. 3. Different types of Art • Animation Art • Architecture • Calligraphy • Ceramics • Christian Art • Collage • Computer Art • Conceptual Art • Design (Artistic) • Drawing • Folk Art • Graffiti Art • Graphic Art • Illustration • Junk Art • Land Art • Metalwork Art • Mosaic Art • Painting • Performance Art (and Happenings) • Photography • Poster Art • Public Art • Religious Art • Sculpture • Video Art 4. Different kinds of types of Art • Animation Art 2D, 3D and Stop Motion • Architecture Neolithic, Ancient Egyptian, Ancient Greek, Ancient Roman, Medieval, Gothic, Hindu Architecture,...
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...contributions, it is peculiar that Dante Gabriel Rossetti is relatively unknown. Rossetti challenged what was considered acceptable art in a manner unseen in modern art (Andres, "Dante Gabriel Rossetti"). Rossetti established the Pre Raphaelite Brotherhood in 1843, which revolutionized Victorian art and literature (Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood"). However, it wasn’t until 1853, after the Brotherhood fell apart that Rossetti truly found his calling as an artist. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, originally named Gabriel Charles Dante Rossetti, was born on May 12, 1828 in London, England. His father was an Italian expatriate and Dante scholar who was exiled because he wrote poetry in support of the Neapolitan Constitution of 1819. Rossetti grew up as a part of a very talented family, although he is considered to be the most talented. His older sister “Maria Rossetti, published A Shadow of Dante (1871) and became an Anglican nun; William Michael Rossetti was along with his brother an active member of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and became an editor, man of letters, and memoirist; the youngest, Christina Georgina Rossetti, became an important and influential lyric poet” (Poetry Foundation, "Dante Gabriel Rossetti"). Rossetti received a general educated at the King’s College junior...
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...DRAWING II Brief History of Drawing • As old as human race • Pre-historic Art → Cave paintings (Chauvet & Lascaux, France, and Altamira, Spain) • Ancient Egyptian Art • Ancient Greek Art • Ancient Roman Art • Ancient Chinese Art • Ancient Japanese Art • Medieval Art • Gothic Art • Italian Renaissance (Michelangelo, Pontormo, Hans Holbein) • Northern Europe (Pieter Bruegel, Rembrandt) o Not many examples of early drawings b/c people then didn’t consider them as final products like paintings and sculptures…burned/destroyed drawings after creating the painting/sculpture o Portrait Drawing: Watteau, Giambattista o Pencil Drawings: Turner, Constable, Delcroix o Edgar Degas • 16th Century Art (Mannerism) • 17th Century Art (Baroque) • 18th Century Art (Rococo) • 19th Century Art (Neo-Classicism, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism) • Late 19th Century (Neo-Impressionism/Pointillism, American Art) • Early 20th Century (Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism) • 1925 – Present (Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Super-Realism, Digital Drawing/Illustration/Design) Brief Intro to Drawing Tools/Materials and Media (will discuss further during different units/topics of drawing) Media: Pencil, Graphite, Charcoal, Pastel, Oil Pastel/Crayon, Color Pencil, Pen & Ink Tools: eraser (gum, kneaded, vinyl), blending stump/tortillons, nibs, x-acto knife, pencil sharpener, sketchbook, drawing board/surface, brush, fixative, compass, ruler, sandpaper Paper: watercolor...
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...Gothic Architecture can be viewed as the skyscrapers of the medieval era with the sheer height of the buildings and the slender windows and columns adding to the verticality of the buildings. In his book 'Gothic' Prof. Dr Bruno Klein enlightens the readers that Gothic Architecture was not entirely initiated with the construction of St. Denis by Abbot Sugar but rather played as major catalyst for the movement which had slowly started to appear in the late Romanesque movement. By instigating a search through Klein's work a better understanding of the Gothic movement can be achieved. This paper will discuss in detail factors that contributed towards the Gothic movement and how the movement was not initiated by the construction of St. Denise by Abbot Sugar but rather a few years before hand. By exploring factors such as political, social and cultural beliefs and values that influence the dramatic change that helped emerge the gothic movement and differ it from its predecessor. Aim of this paper is showcase and illuminate the differences between Gothic and Romanesque Architecture but also how past Architectural styles transcends over time rather than stop with the Architectural movement ends and moves to another. The fact that the founding stone of Gothic Architecture was laid on the july 14 1140 can be disputed (Toman and Bednorz 2007, pg 28). According to Prof. Dr. Bruno Klein the rebuilding of the choir of the Benedictine church of St. Denis was begun at the influence of Abbot...
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