...ASSAM EARTHQUAKE AND OUR BUILDINGS Md Ali Akbar MOLLICK* Introduction An earthquake of magnitude 8.7 on the Richter Scale (8.1 on the Moment Magnitude Scale) occurred on 12th June 1897 at 5.11pm in the Assam Basin, some 250 kilometers (km) north from Dhaka, 130 km north-west from Sylhet and 70 km north from today's Bangladesh and Indian border. The epicenter was 26o (N) and 91o (E) and focal depth was 32 km. The shaking was felt over an area of 650,000 square-kilometer (sq-km) and destruction was taking place over an area of 390,000 sq-km. Many masonry buildings including temples, over the destructive area such as Dhubri, Goalpara, Guwahati, Kuch Bihar, Agortola, Kolkata and other cities inside India, either totally or partially damaged due to this earthquake. The earthquake created general panic in Dhaka and other areas of today's Bangladesh including Rangpur, Dinajpur, Sylhet, Rajshahi, Natore, Mymensing, Dhaka, Chittagong, Comilla, Noakhali, Jamalpur etc. A total number of 1542 persons were killed due to this earthquake out of which five were from Dhaka including two foreigners. Three buildings such as Shaheen Medical Hall, Temple Nazi's Shabagh Math and house occupied by Mrs Stansbury were totally damaged and the government houses for commissioner, collector, judge and civil surgeon were partially damaged in Dhaka, which were rebuilt. The total cost for the rehabilitation was 150,000 taka. The intensity of shaking in Dhaka was VIII+ on the Modified Mercili Intensity (MMI)...
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...enterprise as it relates to network design considerations. It describes the rise of big data and the transition of traditional enterprise data models with the addition of crucial building blocks to handle the dramatic growth of data in the enterprise. According to IDC estimates, the size of the "digital universe" in 2011 will be 1.8 zettabytes (1.8 trillion gigabytes). With information growth exceeding Moore's Law, the average enterprise will need to manage 50 times more information by the year 2020 while increasing IT staff by only 1.5 percent. With this challenge in mind, the integration of big data models into existing enterprise infrastructures is a critical element when considering the addition of new big data building blocks while considering the efficiency, economics and privacy. This document also shows that the Cisco Nexus ® architectures are optimized to handle big data while providing integration into current enterprise infrastructures. In reviewing multiple data models, this document examines the effects of Apache Hadoop as a building block for big data and its effects on the network. Hadoop is an open source software platform for building reliable, scalable clusters in a scaled-out, "shared-nothing" design model for storing, processing, and analyzing enormous volumes of data at very high performance. The information presented in this document is based on the actual network traffic patterns of the Hadoop framework and can help in the design of a scalable network with the...
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...Textbook Questions Assignment-Week 6 Question 2: How does the traditional approach to network design differ from the building-block approach? Traditional Network Design: The traditional network design approach follows a structured systems analysis and design process similar to that used to build application systems. * The network analyst meets with users to determine the needs and applications. * The analyst estimates data traffic on each part of the network. * The analyst designs circuits needed to support this traffic and obtain cost estimates. * Finally, a year or two later, the network is implemented. Three forces are making the traditional design approach less appropriate for many of today’s networks: 1. The underlying technology of computers, networking devices and the circuits themselves are rapidly changing. 2. Network traffic is growing rapidly. 3. The balance of costs has changed dramatically over the last 10 years. Building Block Approach: The building-block approach attempts to build the network using a series of simple predefined building components, resulting in a simpler design process and a more easily managed network built with a smaller range of components. The basic process involves three steps that are performed repeatedly. Needs analysis involves developing a logical network design that includes the geographic scope of the network and a categorization of current and future network needs of the various network...
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... INTEGRATED DESIGN MUHAMAD NAZMI FITRI BIN ABD AZIZ 2014406812 INTEGRATED DESIGN Integrated design is a collaborative method for designing buildings which emphasizes the development of a holistic design. INTEGRATED DESIGN IMPROVES THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF BUILDINGS. The conventional definition of integrated design is that project team members from all disciplines work together early and often throughout the project design process. ORIGINS OF MODERN-DAY INTEGRATED DESIGN Integrated design has become a buzzword in the green building world. Everyone claims to do it, although not everyone understands it in the same way, and not everyone is successful at it. DESIGN FEATURES THAT BENEFIT FROM INTEGRATION * DAYLIGHTING * GREEN ROOFS * EXPOSED THERMAL MASS Conventional building design usually involves a series of hand-offs from owner to architect, from builder to occupant. This path does not invite all affected parties into the planning process, and therefore does not take into account their needs, areas of expertise or insights To a growing number of building owners and designers, this linear process needs to change. The process they prefer is called integrated design. It’s built around better communication and more planning. Through the use of integrated design, owners and designers are able to build better, less expensive buildings. The problem is that even though integrated design has been around for nearly a decade, few building owners, architects...
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...Green Buildings: Better Quality of Life Design of buildings for sustainability – Case study presentation Prof. Bernard V. Lim JP Principal, AD+RG Architecture Design and Research Group Limited Professor, School of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong The Hong Kong Community College The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Client: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Project Manager: Campus Development Office, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Project Architect: AD+RG Architecture Design and Research Group Ltd. Architectural Collaborators: AGC Design Ltd. Wang Weijen Architecture Acknowledgements Received - Green Building Award 2008 Merit Award in the New Construction Category. by Professional Green Building Council - Highest BEAM (Building Environmental Assessment Method) rating of Platinum by HKBEAM Society. (The first educational building in Hong Kong to achieve such rating) Acknowledgements Received - Finalist in “World Architecture Festival 2008” in Barcelona on October 2008 - one of the 12 Finalists in the Learning Category and is the only Hong Kong architectural practice in this Category. 0.0 Project Brief (I) Introduction The Project is a high-rise 19-storey institutional building for the Hong Kong Community College. It aims at providing a dynamic and interactive space for youth education while incorporating the sustainable design considerations and construction techniques into the building. 4 main...
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...Assignment Topic: Which do you think offers more useful lessons to today’s architecture students, Archigram magazine or High-rise social housing? 1. Introduction Modernism in architecture realm, itself is full of controversies and evolution. The definition of modernism, modern or modernity in architecture area has been highly discussed through the development of architecture by plenty of scholars and architects. In general, “Modern” means something pure, logical, universal, rational or at least international (Glendinning and Muthesius, 1956). Both Archigram magazine and High-rise social housing have strongly influenced British Modernism. Archigram proposed fantastic designs with lots of imagination, which brought a brainstorm and a visual shock against classical architecture. However, the development of high-rise social housing tends to be more conventional and realistic than Archigram. Indeed high-rise social housing is fragile owing to the changes in policies and people’s preference. The purpose of this assignment is to discuss, compare and contrast Archigram magazine and high-rise social housing in British Modernism area. A brief introduction of both Archigram magazine and high-rise social housing is provided. Finally, a conclusion about which one is more useful to today’s architecture students will be derived. 2. Main body 2.1 Archigram Magazine A prestigious architecture magazine named Archigram was first published in 1961 by Peter Cook and David Greene with...
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...The design and and building of Verbonia used both intelligence and physical strength. The design and building used intellegence to create a design that would allow the citizen to have more freedoms when building. The building required both intelligence and physical strength to build the buildings to keep the structures strong and safe. Also, the building of Venbonia used intelligence and physical strength to create the materials. The design and building used intelligence and physical strength to measure the buildings. According to Building a Roman City, "The engineers worked throughout winter measuring, designing, and drawing." This shows that the engineers needed intelligence to measure the amount of room they had and what their design could look like using the requirements they had to follow. Also, according to...
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...The Westin Hotel is located at 43rd Street and Eighth Avenue. It almost covers a whole block from 42nd Street to 43rd Street and half a block from Eighth Avenue to Seventh Avenue. The building can be seen as a skyscraper, and the style is very modern and international. Glass has predominated the facades of the Westin Hotel Building, and it is the one of the main materials using for this building, as well as steel and concrete. The building has 45 stories. Most features of the tower characterize it with postmodernism. Some of the features that link the building to post-modernism include the use of irregular colors, and the stress on sustainability through the choice of building materials and design. The surface of the building exteriors is flat....
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...the flaw of it then attempt to refine it, until one day modernity itself turns into another tradition that one overlooks. Being in the time where architecture has gone through different traditions, it is sad to say that what used to have the ‘wow’ factor no longer put people in awe. Instead, what people nowadays prefer are posh CGIs of new developments, heavily rendered, put on a site without immediate context. That triggers the question, have we changed so much until we don’t recognise what is aesthetically beautiful and what not? And one would question the position of the architect himself, are they no longer the dominant figure like they used to be? It seems that we have forgotten how satisfying it is to appreciate a ‘real’ building, like how a space would give you chill down the spine. Fortunately, due to the unsatisfied nature of human being, the need to look for a fresh subject emerges. We constantly need fresh subjects to come into our lives, no matter if its something from the past or the future. In the current society p eople tend to look back and once again, be grateful of what the past has given us. Without them, what would our world be? And most importantly, where would we be? But then, having said all that, sometimes it is too late to appreciate what has been there. And for this matter, we are discussing about Robin Hood Garden in Poplar, London. It is scheduled for demolition, despite the objection by the high...
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...Spatial Modelling PROJECT 1: Research Paper Kira Trunova Advance Diploma in Interior Design Date: 15.05.2013 Contents sheet Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….p.2 Green design for today…………………………………………………………………………………………..p.3 Why choose green design………………………………………………………………………………….……p.4-5 Methods…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……p.5-6 Examples of green design today………………………………………………………………………….…..p.6-10 Green design for tomorrow………………………………………………………………………………….…p.10-14 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….p.15 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….p.16 Introduction “..An era based not on what we can extract from organisms and their ecosystems, but on what we can learn from them...” Janine M. Benyus scientific writer Today, more and more increasing relevance of ecology and environmental protection. At this stage of human life has become an urgent task of creating a process in which the daily needs of people interact with the natural world. Green design - it is nothing but an attempt to recreate the natural environment in everyday places of human habitation. Its purpose is unity and appeal to nature. Design "ideas" and "technology" are far superior to human nature. They - the result of billions of years of evolution. On the basis...
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...Levittown: Visionary Urban Design or just Urban Sprawl? Gail A Bigelow April 23, 2006 University of Central Florida Levittown: Visionary Urban Design or just Urban Sprawl? Levittown isn’t a visionary product of high design, there weren’t any major architects to give it pizzazz yet it endures today, by sheer force of will, to be the working stiff’s utopia, his escape from the inner city, the place where he could get away from the noise and dust of the city, a place that was affordable, where he could be king of his own single-family detached castle, he could enhance his quality of life and be just far enough away, but not too far… After World War II the returning veterans demands for housing became more insatiable, it was a right, given what they had been through. Returning veterans were living in attics, basements and Quonset huts or sharing housing with others in the same boat. The young men and women were ready to get back to a normal life – get married and have families and that meant finding a place of their own. The houses were their reward. A single-family house in the suburbs, fully equipped with the best appliances, became a patriotic mission. Many were looking for something new and different than what they had grown up with, they wanted to get out of the inner cities. They knew they’d have to work in those cities, but they didn’t have to live there or raise a family there. During the...
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...infrastructure in construction which take the project from design to completion. Inception is the very first stage of a construction process, as this is where the client has a general outline/idea of the requirements and a plan for future action. It is at this stage that an architect is appointed and the client is given a briefing. The next stage is feasibility, where the client’s representative, architects and engineers will discuss the form in which the project is to proceed and whether it is feasible both functionally and financially. At this stage the architect will carry out studies of user requirements, planning and design costs in order to reach decisions to base the design. An outline proposal is developed by the architect in order to determine the general layout and design of the project. The purpose of this is to obtain approval by the client and develop the brief further in accordance with user requirements, planning, design and cost. The scheme design is the final design that is agreed with the client and the architect. The brief is fully developed and there is a full design drawn up by the architect. This is the design that is submitted to Building Regulations for approval. Engineers may also produce preliminary designs. After this point the brief should not be modified. The next stage is the detailed design, which is the full design of all parts and components to obtain final decisions relating to design so working drawings can be produced. The architect will...
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...Max Altschuler ENVD 3115 Professor Marcel S. de Lange December 8, 2013 Earthship Design, Materials, and Sustainability Earthship design is a movement initiated by Michael Reynolds. Earthship Biotecture is a method of architecture and design that incorporates recycled materials, earthen materials, and renewable energy sources into a sustainable and self-sufficient home. The purpose of this according to Michael Reynolds it to achieve energy independence, sustainable housing, and relieve the burdens of stress on the environment from conventional building methods while keeping cost minimal. Utilizing waste and earthen materials, Michael was able to construct comfortable living, beautiful architectural design, and self-sufficiency with sustainable technologies. In achieving low cost construction methods, as little as $20 a square foot, a new way of living can be imagined in which utilities, mortgages, and sustenance cost are reduced. This reduction in expenses provide for the availability of greater opportunities due to decreased economic constraints, but furthermore provides a cost effective and sustainable method for supplying homes for those stricken with poverty. The purpose of this writing is to discus some of the materials and methods required and the various components that work together to create a dynamic self-sufficient home. The first concept discussed is the principle of thermal mass to maintain a constant temperature. Houses are built with south facing...
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...Group Assignment UNICON CONCRETE PRODUCTS (H.K.) LTD CASE REPORT Module 4: Operations management College: Humber Class: Wednesday, 6:30 pm – 9:30 pm Submitted by: Shilpa Puri, Maria Tolokonnikova, Davinder Matharu, Adina Goldfarb, Zeeshan Hanif Date: April 2nd, 2014 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page Part 1 Executive Summary 3 ISSUE IDENTIFICATION Part 2 Immediate Issues 4 Part 3 Systemic Issues 4-5 ENVIRONMENTAL & ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS Part 4 Qualitative Analysis 5-6 Part 5 Quantitative Analysis 6-7 ALTERNATIVES AND/OR OPTIONS Part 6 Alternatives 8-9 RECOMMENDATIONS Part 7 Recommendations & Action Plan 9-11 IMPLEMENTATION Part 8 Recommendations Implementation Plan 12 MONITORS & CONTROLS Part 9 Monitors and Controls 13 Part 10 Conclusion & Management Plan 13 Part 11 Future State 14 Appendixes 14-15 References 16 PART 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Unicon has already positioned itself strategically...
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...INTRODUCTION Buildings come in various types and shapes, frequently determined by their functions. Unfortunately, there are many types of building defect that may occur in most of the building. Building defect is one of the major components of building that needed attention. Building defect refer to the results in a failure of a component part of a building or structure and causes damage to person or property, usually resulting in financial harm to the owner. Building defect will also reduce the value and the function of a building. There are many types of building defect such as cracking, dampness, spalling, peeling paint, insect or termite attack, corrosion, fungus stain and so on. These building defect can affect the performance and the appearance of the building. Building defect can occur either because of poor design, or low quality workmanship, or because the building was not constructed according to the design, or use of inferior materials. When a building facing defects, the causes of that defect have to identified before any remedial work can be undertaken to remedial it. Therefore, we are required to investigate the building defect of a building. We also have to identify the possible cause of the building defect which occur in that building. We have choose the building of Guest House to make our case study and survey. This building is located at Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang. Guest House is one of the famous hospitality choices for USM visitors...
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