...Calendars and Time Paper Athena Falconer HIS/458 History of Human Discovery September 22, 2015 University of Phoenix Martha Kirchmer BAAG1E5459 Calendars and Time Paper “The schedule of our lives is shaped by the movements of the earth, moon, and sun” (Announcing the Sky, 2008). The cycles of the moon and sun have stimulated the minds of many; this a stimulation of thought has created a map to measure time. With the cycles of the moon and soon humans have created seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years; and most important a way to track these moments with a calendar. The reason was for a way to organize everything, but most importantly for the seasons. “Hunters and farmers needed a calendar of the seasons- a way to predict the coming of rain or snow… Man needed a calendar to find his bearings in the seasons” (Boorstin, 1983, pp. 4-6). Though there are many types or ways of calendars that have been created throughout the centuries; calendars have been created to help with everyday tasks. “The Gregorian calendar is today's internationally accepted civil calendar… named after the man who first introduced it in February 1582: Pope Gregory XIII” (Boorstin, 1983, p. 9). The Gregorian calendar is also known as the Christian calendar. The Gregorian calendar was first adopted from Italy but was formed because Pope Gregory was determined to set the calendar straight. This calendar is the typical calendar the many see today, 365 days and divided into 12 months. Pope...
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...Calendars and Time May 23, 2011 HIS458 Calendars and Time Calendars have existed everywhere throughout man’s history. Each culture had their own opinion and reasoning behind the calendars that were developed and used. Whether guided by the moon, the sun, the seasons, or the rotation of Earth, man has been working to devise a calendar that keeps accurate account of time and that fits into each cultural life style. The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used calendar today, but that doesn’t make it the only one. There are several different calendars in existence including the World calendar. Each has its good attributes and each has its negative attributes. The following is an examination of the above mentioned calendar systems. Gregorian Calendar Julius Caesar borrowed his idea for what a year is from the Egyptians; unfortunately his model was not a calendar precise enough in its measure of the solar cycle. The solar cycle is the time required for the Earth to complete its orbit around the sun and is documented as: 365 days, five hours, 48 minutes, and 46 seconds. The Egyptian calendar is 11 minutes and 14 seconds less that the solar orbit. Pope Gregory XIII, noticing this problem, decided to fix the discrepancy in the accumulation of days in 1582. Pope Gregory ordained the October 4 was to be followed by October 15. His logic behind the day skipping in 1582 was because the following year the vernal equinox would occur and the seasonal year would be as it was before...
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...that the calendar was a little confusing. We knew something was wrong when easter landed on summer, this drove the people insane. Wasn't easter supposed to land during the spring? We wondered if our very own calendars were exactly accurate, and this is when we realized that they weren't. As time passed, many experts and math mathematicians gathered and did many calculations to perfect the exhausted calendar. The contribution of different people to correct and improvise ancient calendars allowed calendars to be more accurate and trustworthy for the people to stop being preoccupied with time, seasons, month and days. The very first Ancient Calendars...
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...1 Running head: MAYAN CULTURE The Mayan Culture By Lydia Ross 2 MAYAN CULTURE Table of Contents The Mayan Background The Mayan Calendar The Mayan Mathematics The Mayan Architecture Modern Day Mayan The Mayan Prophesy of 2012 References 3 4 6 8 11 12 14 3 MAYAN CULTURE The Mayan Background The Mayan Calendar has been used to predict the end of the world. The reason for this is that the calendar ends on December, 21, 2012. Many scholars and historians have argued that there will be some type of cosmic event signaling the end of the world on December, 21, 2012. Other scholars who oppose this opinion say that it is not the end of the world but the end of an era. They predict not apocalypse but an era of bliss. In this era man will live peacefully with one another without strife. For clarity about the calendar and its intentions, a review of the Mayan people is needed. The Mayan culture came into existence around 300-400 AD. It is believed that it is a culture that is somewhat a derivative of the Olmec civilization. The Olmecs were an ancient Central American Indian tribe. The Maya seemed to appear among the Olmecs and soon took over the entire Yucatan Peninsula of Central America. The Mayan people were known for their sophisticated mathematics 1 as well as for being master builders. Their cities were beautifully built and connected by highways and streets made from tools of wood, ivory and stone. There was also a ball court built 2 in every city...
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...Admission Division, IIUM ACADEMIC CALENDAR SEMESTER I, 2012/2013 SESSION REGISTRATION OF NEW STUDENTS (INTERNATIONAL) REGISTRATION OF NEW STUDENTS (LOCAL) REGISTRATION OF NEW STUDENTS (POSTGRADUATE) REGISTRATION OF NEW STUDENTS (EX-CFS) LECTURES : 28/08/2012 (Tuesday) 1 day : 02/09/2012 (Sunday) 1 day : 03/09/2012 (Monday) 1 day : 04/09/2012 (Tuesday) 1 day : 10/09/2012 (Monday) 22/10/2012 (Monday) 29/10/2012 (Monday) 24/12/2012 (Monday) 28/12/2012 (Friday) 14/01/2013 (Monday) - 21/10/2012 (Sunday) 28/10/2012 (Sunday) 23/12/2012 (Sunday) 27/12/2012 (Thursday) 13/01/2013 (Sunday) 03/02/2013 (Sunday) 6 weeks BREAK LECTURES : : - 1 week 8 weeks REVISION PERIOD EXAMINATION PERIOD INTER SEM. VACATION : : - 4 days 2 weeks 3 days : - 3 weeks NOTES : Malaysia Day Sultan of Pahang’s Birthday ‘Eid Ul-Adha Deepavali 1 Muharram Sultan Selangor’s Birthday Christmas Day New Year Maulidur Rasul IIUM 28 Convocation School Holidays th 16 September 2012 24 October 2012 26 October 2012 13 November 2012 15 November 2012 11 December 2012 25 December 2012 1 January 2013 24 January 2013 6 - 8 October 2012 10 Nov 2012 - 1 Jan 2013 Sunday Wednesday Friday Tuesday Thursday Tuesday Tuesday Tuesday Thursday Saturday - Monday Saturday – Tuesday As endorsed in the 378th Senate Meeting held on 24th February 2012 Academic Management and Admission Division, IIUM ACADEMIC CALENDAR SEMESTER II, 2012/2013 SESSION ...
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...7UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA PARAÍBA PRÓ- REITORIA DE GRADUAÇÃO COORDENAÇÃO DE ESCOLARIDADE CALENDÁRIO ESCOLAR PERÍODO: 2008.1 – CAMPUS I – JOÃO PESSOA (PROPOSTA da PRG/CODESC – Homologado pelo CONSEPE em 30/04/2008) MAIO/2008 – PERÍODO LETIVO: 2008.1 Dom Seg Ter Qua Qui Sex Sab 4 11 18 25 5 6M 13 AM 20 27 7M 14 AM 21 28 1–F 8M 15 ME 22 – F 29 2 9 AM 16 ME 23 30 3 10 17 24 31 12 IPAM 19 26 Dias let. 17 JUNHO/2008 – PERÍODO LETIVO: 2008.1 Dom 1 8 15 22 29 Seg 2 9 16 23 F 30 Ter 3 10 17 24 F - Qua 4 11 18 ID 25 - Qui 5 12 19 26 - Sex 6 13 20 27 - Sab 7 14 21 28 - Dias let. 23 Dias let. 27 JULHO/2008 – PERÍODO LETIVO: 2008.1 Dom Seg Ter Qua Qui Sex Sab 6 13 20 27 7 14 TD 21 28 1 8 15 22 29 2 9 16 23 30 3 10 17 24 31 4 11-TR 18 25IPGR - 5 12 19 26 - AGOSTO/2008 – PERÍODO LETIVO: 2008.1 Dom 3 10 17 24 31 Seg 4 11 18 25 - Ter 5 - FM 12 19 26 - Qua 6 13 20 27 - Qui 7 14 21 28 - Sex 1TPGR 8 15 22 29 - Sab 2 9 16 23 30 - Dias let. 25 Dias let. SETEMBRO/2008 - PERÍODO LETIVO: 2008.1 Dom Seg Ter 1 2 MF 7-F 8 MF 9 MFTP 14 15MFEx 16MFEx 21CGMF 22CGFM 23 CGM 28 CGM 29 AM 30 AM Qua Qui Sex Sab 3 MF 10MFEx 17 MF 24CG M - 4 MF 11MFEx 18 MF 25CG M - 5 MF 12MFEx 19...
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...ISI Transformation: political changes: Wage increase Improved working conditions Political inclusion in the … Negative of ISI: (characterized by two different stages) Agricultural becomes uncompetitive -exchange rate: money is over-value, the price will be higher than the other countries. Keep the domestic currency strong relative to foreign currencies Need to import capital goods (machinery) to produce consumer goods Overvalued exchange rate made commodity exports artificially expensive and therefore less competitive in the international market - agricultural production and its social consequencs: agricultural production stagnated rural wages declined –migration to the cities migrants resided in urban slums increase in the size of the informal sector Exhaustion of the first stage - limited dynamism 1st stage: production stage : substitution industrialization light industries- the easy phase required little technologies most financed by domestic business 2nd stage: deepening of industrialization required more sophisticated technology and know-how domestic business (main loser) could not finance the second stage multinational corporations were invited to invest in Latin American tensions within populist multi-class coalition Inflation Erodes the purchasing power of currency Affects the poor, who can’t store their wealth in assets that do not lose their value (property) A highly organized and politically mobilized working class demands wage...
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...SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY 01 FRIDAY New Year SATURDAY 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 SUNDAY 01 MONDAY 02 TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY 03 04 05 FRIDAY SATURDAY 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 SUNDAY MONDAY 01 TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY 02 03 04 FRIDAY SATURDAY 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 Good Friday 26 28 29 30 31 20 27 Independence Easter Monday SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY 01 FRIDAY SATURDAY 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 01 SUNDAY Worker’s Day 02 MONDAY 03 TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY 04 05 06 Cassinga Day Ascension Day FRIDAY SATURDAY 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Africa Day SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY 01 02 03 FRIDAY ...
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...People from all around the world have come up with different creations throughout the years, seldom for the same reason as the rest simply created differently. Some used sticks or bones to mark the days as they passed, others marked the religious feast days, and determination of seasonal and celestial events. To begin with, the determination of season and celestial events was extremely significant to different cultures. The seasons were split into four, very similar as it is today (Source 1: Ancient Calendars). People still do that, but its viewed differently. In the early ages people would use the seasons to know what type of vegetables or fruits grows best in that specific season. People still use seasons as a source.when people go out...
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...Ancient calendars kept track of significant astrological events to mark different times of the year. For agricultural societies, this was especially important. A successful harvest was dependent on starting the planting season at the right time. After years of observations and trial and error, ancient peoples were able to predict the patterns of the sun and distinguish the timing of each season. Ancient Egyptians tracked the stars and invented a calendar that would allow them to predict when the Nile would flood. One of the best examples of an early civilization that developed an elaborate calendar system is the Mayans. They had a ritual calendar composed of 13 months, with 20 days in each month, and a 365 day solar calendar (Welser-Sherrill 2007). Their calendar was impressively accurate, and it ruled many facets of Mayan life. One particularly interesting integration of the Mayan calendar is the design of the Pyramid of Kulkulkan. The square-based temple has 365 steps total, with 91 steps on each of the four sides and one shared top step to represent the days of the solar year. During equinoxes, the position of the setting sun casts shadows down the northern stairway that appear like a long slithering snake - Kulkulkan, the Feathered Serpent God (Cline). The Mayans developed numerology and mathematical understandings that were way ahead of their time, but thankfully the end of their calendar was not a...
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... Because I have trouble balancing my family, obligations and academics by adjusting my time management; it has helped me to balance myself as a whole. Trying to reduce my stress-level, I have effectively learned how to balancing by prioritize my daily schedule. Learning from an online university has given me the ability of becoming more aware of my time-wasting; I have learned to cut and balance my schedule to help me succeed as an individual and as a student. Effetely adjusting my student-life to my life at home has helped me understand the important of priorities with-in my schedule. Reviewing my weekly calendar helps me understand what is priority; with my assignments and any other appointments. For my success as a student; it is highly important to manage my time with prioritizing activities in to a seven-day calendar. Scheduling my study-time to a seven-day calendar will give me an understanding of prioritizing. Using your time to have a successful study-time is highly important. It is also important to eliminate all distraction. Every student would like to succeed in a higher level of education. Giving yourself a distraction free-zone; by eliminating my distractions, I have noticed that my studying time has shortened. Taking good notes has helped me reflect on my readings. This has given me the advantage to review more frequently in my note –taking; even if I only review for a short period of time. Time management gave me the understandings; you can never get time back...
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...schedule helps prevent forgetting tasks as well as rushing through other tasks. A schedule helps allot time for school work and business activities and leaves an individual in charge of what they want to do and when they want to do it. As a student, one should be reasonable about business growth by prioritizing and designating only a few hours a week for business activities. It is practical to begin by establishing a small scaled business while in school, with the intention of expanding later when more time is available. Ways to Create a Schedule There are a number of different ways a schedule can be created and many tools that make it a simple task. Many online websites can generate a schedule once input is entered such as Google Calendars which can instantly create a schedule that manages your time. If you are an owner of a Smartphone, applications, such as Tungle Me and Smart Time, can also be useful. However, the most effective schedules are made personally by an individual since they have consideration of activities that take place in their own lives. Research on working effectively shows that most people work best by working intensely for...
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...Number York U Graduation Sitting (York U, Schulich School of Bus, Dec 15, 2014) The Sitting fee is $25 payable in cash at the time of your sitting. The photographer supplies the gowns, sashes, caps, and all props. Please arrive 10 minutes before your appointment for registration. A white collared shirt/blouse always looks best under the grad gown. Gentlemen, ties always look good. Please prepare your appearance before your sitting time. We also offer casual photographs and/or photographs with friends! Thank you, and we'll see you soon. New Paramount Studios Appointment Taxable Date and Cost Total Amount Time Thursday 04 December 2014 03:15 PM $25.00 $25 $25.00 Thursday 04 December 2014 03:27 PM $25.00 CANCEL BOOKING Back to Calendar PRINT version 08.04.19 #7403441 7679595 $25 $25.00 Terms & Conditions...
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...Bombshells Benefit Calendar Business Plan Executive Summary SSSAMM Inc. plans to create a benefit calendar called, Bond’s Bombshells. The calendar will contain photographs of female Bond University students who have been selected to be the Bombshells from Bond Uni. The calendar will include advertisements from local vendors that appeal to the target population along with information on upcoming events on campus. The calendar will not only be functional, to keep up on action on campus, provide coupons and deals with local businesses but the photos of the Bombshells will also be enjoyable to customers’ visual desires. The calendar will be created for the target audience of male students that attend Bond University. This group includes men ranging the age of 16 to 25. Another segment of the population at Bond University that could be potential customers but are not included in the target audience is male faculty and staff. Although their patronage is welcome it is not counted on. No special advertising such as posters or commercials will be used to reach customers. SSSAMM Inc. merely plans that through word of mouth and visual sales will attract customers. Sales will take place at the busiest hours of the weekday in the busiest area of campus, under the arch. SSSAMM Inc. has strong confidence that their product will be very successful. Through market research, a market for the product was established and continuous verbal...
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...Purpose: To inform the audience on the Mayan theory of the “world ending”. Central Idea: To give information about the Mayan’s and their calendar and to show that according to them the world in fact is not ending. Introduction: Waking up in the morning you roll over look at your cell phone to see what time it is and while checking the time you also glance and the date and what date do you see but December 12, 2012. They day that many people believe will be the end of world because of one popular belief that the Mayan’s Calendar will end today and you will not wake up to see tomorrow but just wait all day in anticipation to see what happens. Preview Statement: That is what I am going to talk to you about today is the belief of the world ending according to the Mayan’s calendar that has become a very popular way to predict this. First I will you who they Mayan’s were and why they are of importance. Second I will give an overview of the three major calendars that are used to predict and what they mean. Third I will explain the solar galactic and what happened at each time this has occurred. Fourth I will explain what the Mayan’s believe will happen in 2012 so you can make your own belief’s on the Mayan’s version of the world ending. I. Who are the Mayan’s? (http://www.indians.org/welker/maya.htm) A. The Mayan’s were an Indian civilization that first began between the times Period. Of 250 A.D. to 1500 B.C. and were Mesoamerican’s. 1. They were Mesoamerican’s...
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