...Introduction Human development is a lifelong process that begins at the union of an ovum and a sperm and does not end until an individual is declared dead. This paper is a biographical account of Andrei Edoja Dmitri. He was born April 21, 1945 in Scarborough, Ontario. With the help of developmental psychological concepts and theories, the paper narrates his life journey from conception, prenatal development, infancy, childhood, and adolescence through adulthood including his basic physical and psychological development and growth respectively. The biography also narrates what growing up was for Andrei, his family, the different life changing events he encountered in his life, the achievements he celebrated and his moments of doubts and pain. Andrei is the first-born child of two immigrant parents, Omoye and Nicolai, from Nigeria and Russian respectively, who had come to Canada some years before his birth as students. He has a younger sister called Ivana. Infancy and Early Childhood Four years into their common-law relationship, Andrei was conceived by Omoye, an immigrant undergraduate English student from Nigeria after an awesome spring getaway break in Mexico with her Russian partner, Nicolai. Nicolai was an undergraduate computer science student at the same University with Omoye. The process of prenatal development occurs in three stages. Two weeks after conception is known as the germinal stage. During this period the single-celled zygote that contained the genetic instructions...
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...Pre-natal Life Cycle Pre-Natal Life Cycle Joss Wilson Health and Nutrition The Pre-natal stage and the beginning of a person’s life begin with conception. Conception is the single handed moment when the sperm fertilizes an egg to create a single cell called a zygote. The zygote will undergo a period of a cell division forming a blastocyst which a ball-shaped collection of cells that implants itself in the uterine wall. After the blastocyst begins to develop rudimentary organs, it is an embryo. At the eight week mark, the organs have finishing developing, and the embryo is considered a fetus. The fetal period is then marked by the development of placenta and organ maturation. The pre-natal stage ends at child birth approximately 38 weeks after conception. Before conception is even considered Nutrition is extremely important. Several factors make adequate nutrition important before conception. The point at which a woman’s ovum (egg) is fertilized with a mans sperm. First, some deficiency-related problems early in the pregnancy, typically before the mother even realizes she’s pregnant. An adequate and varied preconception diet reduces the risk of such problems, providing insurance during those first weeks of life. Here are a few pre-natal power foods that would make up for an excellent diet when it comes to getting the essential nutrients like fiber, foliate, and iron needed for the mother and growing baby. For breakfast drink 8 ounces of pureed figs. Figs are...
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...be the event that bestows on a human being its legal rights, it is entirely logical to ban a procedure that so effectively blurs the legal line between murder and abortion -- between the “born” and the “unborn.” Abortion is murder no matter what kind of laws the Government makes. In 1973 the United States Supreme Court made a decision on the case of Roe vs. Wade, the Court found that a woman had the right to choose whether or not to abort a pregnancy within certain constraints. However, according to the Court if a fetus were a person, abortion would be found impermissible. While this decision made an attempt at establishing a legal precedent, from a moral and religious standpoint, it is wrong. Upon the moment of conception, the human embryo is a person; and as a result, the fetus acquires a soul, making its abortion a sin within the teachings of the Catholic Church. There are many abortions performed each year in the United States. Seventy-five percent of all abortions in the U.S. are performed on women over twenty years of age, but the lawmakers try to concentrate on the 186,000 teens that have an abortion each year. In 1990, there were nearly 400 abortion bills...
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...with unwalled cells. Most ingest food and are motile during at least part of the life cycle. * Evolution of Animal Body Plans * All animals are descended from a common multicelled ancestor * Ectoderm – outermost tissue layer of an animal embryo. * Endoderm – innermost tissue layer of an animal embryo. * Mesoderm – middle tissue layer of a three – layered animal embryo. * Most animal groups have organs derived from mesoderm * Radial symmetry – having parts arranged around a central axis, like spokes around a wheel * Radial animals have no front or back end. They attach to an underwater surface or drift along. Their food can arrive from any direction. * Bilateral symmetry – having paired structures so the right and left halves are mirror images * Bilateral animals typically have cephalization. * Move through the world head first and use their sensory structures on the head to seek out food and detect threats * Head ends have an opening for taking in food. * Cephalization – having a concentration of nerve and sensory cells at the head end. * Protostomes – lineage of bilateral animals in which the first opening on the embryo surface develops into a mouth *...
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...* ------------------------------------------------- 6. The 3 main types of prenatal development are the zygote, embryo, and fetus. The zygote is the fertilized egg in the womb; it lasts for 2 weeks and begins when the sperm first fertilizes the egg. Soon afterwards, the zygote becomes an embryo. During the embryo stage, the actual human organism is mad and this lasts from the 2nd week to the 2nd month. During the fetus stage, the organism is in its developmental stage. This begins after 9 weeks of pregnancy. A teratogen is an agent that can cause harm to the womb ex. If a pregnant woman is drinking a lot of alcohol, she can harm the fetus because alcohol is a teratogen and she could potentially cause fetal alcohol syndrome. 7. The brain capacity of newborn babies is a lot smaller than that of an older person. That’s why we don’t remember most of our infancy. Once we are born we start to make a neural network that allows us to complete basic functions, like talk, remember, etc. The habituation for the infant cognition is a very simple way of learning. When the babies are exposed to something multiple times, they lose fascination in it. 8. Piaget developed 4 stages of cognitive development that show how humans develop mentally. Stage 1 is the sensorimotor stage. This is the stage that occurs from 0 to 2 years and this is when we start to interact with our senses. The 2nd stage, Preoperational, 2-7 years old, is when language begins but isn’t completely understood and is...
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...Imagine Smoking during pregnancy -low birth weight -oral hygiene -cancer mortality There are many different groups in the community that are affected by this higher incidence of smoking while pregnant. Since smoking in itself is at a higher incidence in Manistee county, 32.7%, compared to the 20.3% instance of the state of Michigan and the 7.8% incidence goal of Health People 2020, a larger portion of this county is affected in some way by this problem .When advising plans and techniques to provide knowledge and promote smoking cessation seminars and help decrease the smoking incidence, the focus will be for all smokers not just smoking during the course of pregnancy . This categorizes all smokers in Manistee as part of the group affected by this health problem. The more obvious group affected is the pregnant mother, the fetus, the family and friends of the pregnant mother, and all others that are in someway connected to each pregnancy. “23% of white women reported smoking during pregnancy compared with 18% African American and 12% Hispanic. (milhs.org)” in the state of Michigan, putting this race at a slightly higher risk when comparing the other two races inscidences of smoking during term. The minority groups, black (2.9%) and American indian (2.1%), which put the fetus at a higher risk for low birth weight automatically, are also affected by the higher rates of smoking because their risk becomes even more increased than it already is. “Babies born to African...
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...Author Tutor Course Date Child Development Film Review: The Miracle of Life (1983) The film entitled “The Miracle of Life” is a NOVA based documentary that offers a revolution in understanding the process of child development. Advanced medical technologies are used in microscopic and endoscopic illustrations to grasp the critical details, whereas vivid narrations offer explanations for the most complex components and processes of development. The film begins by describing the cell as the basic unit of life having existed from the earliest origin of life to the present. The human body cell division is described where the resulting daughter cells have a similar structure and information as the parent cell. Subsequently, the DNA within the cell nucleus is shown through chromosomes that directly participate in the process of cell division. The journey of life is depicted through the process of human conception, development and birth. The film shows the ovulation process where a mature egg is shed from the ovary containing numerous eggs; which is propelled by blood-engorged fimbriae to the fallopian tube. Consequently, the diagram showing the female reproductive system helps to describe the process of fertilization, after which the muscular contraction and cilia propels the fertilized egg from fallopian tube into the uterus. It also reveals the importance of female sex hormones in regulating the woman’s reproductive cycle during the process...
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...The B-vitamins help the body use the fuel created by the energy-yielding nutrients- carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Folate is one of the B-vitamins that help in cell multiplication. It is important in the development of red blood cells and the cells lining the GI tract. The need for folate increases during the time of pregnancy as much cell multiplication is occurring. Folate supplements should be taken by women of childbearing age and continued throughout the first trimester of pregnancy. It is important for women to take them at these points to help prevent against neural tube defects. The neural tube is the embryonic tissue that forms the brain and spinal cord. Neural tube defects are when there are malformations of the brain or spinal cord. The two main neural tube defects are spina bifida and anencephaly. Each of these defects begin in the early stages of pregnancy and can be prevented with the use of folate supplements. It is recommended that women of childbearing age consume four hundred micrograms of folate daily. To meet the daily recommended value, women between the ages of fifteen and forty-five years old should eat folate-rich foods, folate-fortified foods, and take a multivitamin each day. Another way one can reach the recommended value is by consuming at least five servings of fruits and vegetables a day. I think the recommended value for folate is not known. I do think that people are aware, however, of the benefits of folate and are actually using it. Evidence...
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...be that the most promising categories of stem cells are embryonic stem (ES) cells (derived from the five- to seven-day-old embryos known as blastocysts) and embryonic germ (EG) cells, derived from immature aborted fetuses. In fact, there are four main sources of (non-adult) stem cells, and each presents its own challenging ethical issues. The first such source (of ES cells) is the surplus embryos that are a by-product of the activities of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) labs. One ethical concern here has to do with the status of the embryo itself. The degree of respect that ought to be granted to a human embryo is highly controversial. Some hold that the embryo - genetically human and a potential person - deserves our full respect and protection. Others hold that while the embryo may be genetically human, it has (particularly at early stages) none of the characteristics of persons. It is not conscious; it is not self-aware. It is a cluster of cells with no independent ethical status. Still others hold an in-between view, arguing that while the early embryo clearly is not a person (and so clearly does not warrant the ethical status of a human adult or child) it is a part of the human life-cycle, part of the human story, and so ought (like a human corpse) to be treated with a degree of respect. This seems a reasonable compromise. Yet just how much respect embryos deserve, and what sorts of research (if any) might...
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...Article Review: State Responses to Substance Abuse Among Pregnant Women Developmental Psychology For decades, American citizens and lawmakers alike have been arguing over the controversial issue of women's prenatal substance abuse. Considering that the public opinion for this matter varies across the nation, each state has their own set of laws on how to deal with the issue. Some states have made drug treatment more readily available for pregnant women with a history of drug abuse, while others have attempted to criminalize prenatal drug-use or use it as grounds to end custodial rights. “For many lawmakers, the issue comes downs to the difficult task of balancing a woman’s right to bodily integrity with society’s interest in ensuring healthy pregnancies, and the question of whether punitive approaches will foster - or hinder - health outcomes for women and children.” This report covers both the negative and positive approaches of state intervention to alleviating prenatal substance abuse and the alarming statistics regarding the relationship between prenatal drug-use and race. For advocates of women’s reproductive rights, they ask the question: “Can the state ever be justified in regulating a pregnant woman’s behavior in the interest of protecting her fetus and whether such policies potentially undermine the legality of abortion?” To date, no state has yet enacted a law that criminalizes drug-use during pregnancy. Nevertheless, hundreds of women have been arrested...
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...understanding of germination is essential to crop production. (4) Definition of Seed Germination. Various definitions of seed germination have been proposed, and it is important to understand their distinctions. The the seed physiologist, germination is defined as the emergence of the radicle through the seed coat. Such a definition says nothing about other essential structures such as the epicotyl or hypocotyls that become the above ground parts of a successful seedling. To the seed analyst, germination is “the emergence and development from the seed embryo of those essential structures which, for the kind of seed in question, are indicative of the ability to produce a normal plant under favorable conditions.” This definition focuses on the reproductive ability of the seed, an essential objective in agriculture. Does it have the capacity to produce a normal plant? Others consider germination to be the resumption of active growth by the embryo resulting in the rupture of the seed coat and emergence of a young plant. This definition presumes that the seed has been in a state of quiescence, or rest, after its formation and development. During this period of rest, the seed is in a relatively inactive state and has a low rate of metabolism. It can remain in that state until environmental conditions...
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...HUMAN DEVELOPMENT * Exploring Human Development * Nature or Nurture? * John Locke – thought of new born as a blank slate, believed that experiences provided by environment during childhood have a profound and permanent effect. * Jean-Jacques Rousseau – believed children are capable of discovering how the world operates and how they should behave without instruction from adults. * Arnold Gesell – found that motor skills developed in sequence of stages, the order of the stages and the age at which they develop are determined by nature and relatively unaffected by nurture (apart from extreme circumstances). Maturation: natural growth/change that unfolds in a fixed sequence relatively independent of the environment. * John B Watson – founder of the behaviours approach to psychology. Claimed the environment not nature moulds/shapes development. * Jean Piaget – suggested nature and nurture work together and influences are inseparable and interactive. * Nature/Nurture operate together to make all people similar in some respects. Eg; achieving milestones of physical development in the same order at roughly the same rate. * Nature/Nurture operate to make each person unique. Nature of inherited genes and the nurture of widely different family/cultural environments produce differences among individuals. Eg; intelligence, language skills and personality. * Hereditary creates predispositions that interact...
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.... Felicia Asenso Grand Canyon University: HLT-302 June 1, 2015 This is a case study analysis concerning the issue of a fetus with abnormalities. The four people in this study are Jessica and husband Marco, Dr. Wilson and Aunt Maria. The couple have been told that their unborn baby is developing abnormally. Dr. Wilson have discussed with them that abortion in this case is scientifically and medically sound. In this situation all present has a moral and belief system that would influence their action by the realization of the fetal abnormality. Based on the reading from the case study, it is apparent that Jessica and Aunt Maria have chosen to take a Christian ethical approach in the circumstances. Aunt Maria is pleading with Jessica to let the pregnancy take its course and to sue her maternal place to protect her unborn baby. She prays to God which also symbolism her faith. Jessica intends to keep her baby referring to the fact that all life is sacred, in Psalms 139:14 (English Standard Version) the verse refers to the fact that man is fearfully and wonderfully made in the image of God. Marco on the other hand is worried about what the impact of a disable child will have in their life but all the same very supportive of his wife and intends to go with whatever decision she makes. My personal theory is the Christian approach in this case. I agree with a paragraph that Christians have our belief in the notion that every person is created individually by...
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...Case Study: Fetal Abnormality Briante Bankston Grand Canyon University: HLT-302 Professor Waddell May 23, 2013 Moral Case Study: Fetal Abnormality All throughout life we go through and sometimes have to face and deal with the most challenging and unexpected circumstances. Thankfully, we have the ability to take a moment and think wisely about our choices. Because that is ultimately what life is about making decisions. In the Case Study: Fetal Abnormality Jessica and Marco are faced with some unfortunate news from Dr.Wilson, that the fetus Jessica was carrying was not likely to develop any arms and had a quarter of a chance of having Down syndrome. They were faced with a couple of options to deal with the situation accordingly which was either to keep, abort, or give the baby up for adoption. However, each of the individuals involved gave their recommendation for action based on the different moral status theories. When it comes to Aunt Maria, I would associate two theories with her, which is the moral agency and the relationship theory. For one she is involving God in the equation as being a factor in the decision making process for both Jessica and Marco in regards to aborting the fetus. Immediately when she mentioned God and the fact that He intended the pregnancy to happen, me being a Christian, I know that He makes no mistakes and for Jessica and Marco to go along with the abortion it would be seen as sinful. “ Thou shalt not kill”. (Exodus...
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...Stage 1: Prenatal My parents describe my prenatal development as being generally easy going throughout and was one of my mom’s easiest pregnancies. My mothers’ pregnancy went well and I was born on my exact due date, January 5th 1999. At birth I weighed 8 pounds and 7 ounces and was 20” long; I had lots of light brown hair and my dad described me as being really red and having blue lips in the hours directly after I was born, which was most likely caused by having complications at birth. I had a shoulder dystocia which could have caused severe brain damage or even been fatal for me but doctors were able to get me out quickly enough by breaking my collar bone before any long term consequences could come of the situation. At the hospital with my parents when I was born was my maternal grandmother and a few of my aunts. My mother had an epidural to relieve labor pain. Although she had a quick delivery, her labor in its entirety only lasted 6 hours. As a newborn my parents said that I was a happy baby. I was a good eater and had a good sleep schedule from the beginning. My mom described my family’s adjustment to me as an infant “like a ripple in water” which in contrast to my younger brother who was described as “a tsunami”, I consider a good thing. Stage 2: 0-2 years I was breast-fed as an infant, my mother’s reasons for doing so was just because she felt that that was the right way to do it and because “God made it, not man.” My mother was my primary caregiver during the...
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