...Look again at that dot. That's here. That's home. That's us. On it everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever was, lived out their lives. The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies, and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals, every corrupt politician, every "superstar," every "supreme leader," every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there-on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam. The Earth is a very small stage in a vast cosmic arena. Think of the endless cruelties visited by the inhabitants of one corner of this pixel on the scarcely distinguishable inhabitants of some other corner, how frequent their misunderstandings, how eager they are to kill one another, how fervent their hatreds. Think of the rivers of blood spilled by all those generals and emperors so that, in glory and triumph, they could become the momentary masters of a fraction of a dot. Our posturings, our imagined self-importance, the delusion that we have some privileged position in the Universe, are challenged by this point of pale light. Our planet is a lonely speck in the great enveloping cosmic dark. In our obscurity, in all this vastness, there is no hint that help will come from...
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...Carl Gustav Jung was born on 26 July 1875 and died on 6th June 1961. Carl Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist who founded analytical psychology. Carl Jung was an early supporter of Freud because of their shared interest in the unconscious. He was an active member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. Carl agreed with Freud in many areas but not in regards to the Oedipus Complex. Jung proposed and developed the concepts of extraversion and introversion archetypes and the collective unconscious. His work has been influential in psychiatry and in the study of religion, philosophy, archeology, anthropology, literature, and related fields. Much of Carl’s work was not published until after his death. Carl Jung believed that “the central concept of analytical psychology is individuation the psychological process of integrating the opposites, including the conscious with the unconscious, while still maintaining their relative autonomy”. Jung considered individuation to be the central process of any human development. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), a popular psychometric instrument, was developed from Jung's theory of psychological types. Jung saw the human psyche as "by nature religious" and made this religiousness the focus of his explorations.]Jung is one of the best known contemporary contributors to dream analysis and symbolisation. Through research, I have discovered Jung was a practising clinician and considered himself to be a scientist, much of his...
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...In reading about the humanistic theory, psychologist Carl Rogers speaks of motivation, how we perceive the world, how we think about ourselves and others, and also how the world and the people can play a major role in our lives, changing our motivation, for better or worse, kind of like the "butterfly effect" or domino effect". In Carl Rogers opinion every who, what, where, or when is contributing to the person we are going to become in life. Abraham Maslow, on the other hand, seemed to believe quite the similar views but at the same time in a different perspective. Abraham's views on Humanistic Psychology were based around the self-actualization or knowing their own path very clearly being self motivated, starting from the bottom and working their way up. For example, we as people know that the first thing we have to do in life is go to school. After graduating high school the next thing in moving up is furthering our education through college courses. The next steps to moving up would be landing your dream job, getting married, having children, buying your first house until you've reached a comfort zone in your life which would be your personal point of self actualization. From what I've understood with the self concept process, in the first few months of a child's life self concept is born. In a set of perceptions and beliefs about themselves rooting from the influence of self enhancing experiences, such as, positive regard or the sense of being valued and loved by other...
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...[pic] CARL JUNG 1875 - 1961 Dr. C. George Boeree [pic] Anyone who wants to know the human psyche will learn next to nothing from experimental psychology. He would be better advised to abandon exact science, put away his scholar's gown, bid farewell to his study, and wander with human heart throught the world. There in the horrors of prisons, lunatic asylums and hospitals, in drab suburban pubs, in brothels and gambling-hells, in the salons of the elegant, the Stock Exchanges, socialist meetings, churches, revivalist gatherings and ecstatic sects, through love and hate, through the experience of passion in every form in his own body, he would reap richer stores of knowledge than text-books a foot thick could give him, and he will know how to doctor the sick with a real knowledge of the human soul. -- Carl Jung Freud said that the goal of therapy was to make the unconscious conscious. He certainly made that the goal of his work as a theorist. And yet he makes the unconscious sound very unpleasant, to say the least: It is a cauldron of seething desires, a bottomless pit of perverse and incestuous cravings, a burial ground for frightening experiences which nevertheless come back to haunt us. Frankly, it doesn't sound like anything I'd like to make conscious! A younger colleague of his, Carl Jung, was to make the exploration of this "inner space" his life's work. He went equipped with a background in Freudian theory, of course, and with an apparently inexhaustible...
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...Jose Delgado Delgado 1 English 1B October 7, 2006 Carl Sandburg – Grass Sandburg’s poem Grass is very special if you look at it in an imagery point of view. It starts off very unique with, “Pile the bodies high at Austerlitz and Waterloo.” Your first image, even though you might not know what Austerlitz or Waterloo are is that it has to be some sort of battle site since he mentions the pile the bodies. Austerlitz is a battle site that Napoleon Bonaparte was involved in which he basically defeated the Russian and Austrian troops, which historians might say it was one of Napoleon’s greatest victories of his time. Ironically, Waterloo was Napoleon’s last battle as commander of the French which was defeated by Duke of Wellington of England and Gebhard von Blucher of Prussia. In all those places that Carl named, many people lost their life which was an important point Carl is trying to get across. He then mentions Gettysburg, Ypres and Verdun which are also major battle sites that happened in history. Gettysburg was a civil war here in the United States in which it has become a major historic site, as you might know Civil wars cause many casualties and I am guessing that the count of dead bodies is well over the 500,000 mark. Ypres and Verdun are two historic sites in World War where thousands and thousands troops died. Ypres is not a big facility in which the two enemies are trying to take over and the one who takes control might determine who could win the...
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...Carl Zeiss Case Summary Carl Zeiss is a German optics company which was developed in 1846. Zeiss is one of the leading worldwide producers of lenses. Zeiss serves several optics markets which includes metrology, eye care, and surgical instruments. The company sales in 1994 was $20 million, however the division income was $464 million in 2001, in which the firm had $2.1 billion in sales. Zeiss is a company that is based out of Germany which includes plants in 12 different countries. Zeiss sales are based primarily out of Germany at 20 percent. Most of the semiconductor lenses sales come from a Dutch Buyer, whom the company has a special relationship with. Zeiss had this plan in mind since 1968 when the company began working with Telefunken. Telefunken is a German company that began working on a wafer stepper machine. Wafer steppers allow certain lights to be seen from a mask while blocking the rest of the light. Zeiss has prospered, at least in part, because of a very forward-thinking strategy. What operations core competencies are apparent in the firm? How has it taken advantage of these in developing competitive strategies? Operation strategies are setting broad policies and plans for using the resources of a firm to best support the firm's long-term competitive strategy. Operations strategy can be viewed as part of a planning process that coordinates operation goals with those of the larger organization. While goals of larger organizations change frequently...
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...Savinja Gurung Mrs. Cheatham English 100 Feb 10, 2015 Critical Analysis of Carl Jung’s “The Importance of Dreams” Jung, one of the most important and most complex psychological theorist of all time, holds the belief that dreams are symbols of human unconsciousness. He finds the very intimate relationship between symbol, unconsciousness and dreams. In his essay “ The Importance of Dreams”, Jung describes that man produces symbols unconsciously and spontaneously, in the forms of dreams. He says that dreams are outlet of unconsciousness. He describes that how human incompetence to define and inability to explain certain things which is beyond human reasoning always expressed using different varieties of symbols such as natural symbols, cultural symbols and religious symbols. Jung’s idea is valid because things beyond the range of human understanding stores unconsciously without our conscious knowledge in human psyche which is revealed to us in a dream as a symbolic image. Jung believes that human unconsciousness exists and it expresses itself through our dreams using symbolic language. He asserts that “whoever denies the existence of the unconsciousness is in fact assuming that our present knowledge of the psyche is total. And this belief is clearly just as false as the assumption that we know all there is to be known about the natural universe” (192). Jung is right here because human race doesn’t know all about the natural universe. Human psyche is part...
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...Carl Sandburg: The Modernist Writer Modernist literature is a term applied to writings of the 20th century that was different and rejected of the 19th century styles. The Modernist writer such as Carl Sandburg, emphasized modernist characteristics by rejecting the distinction between high, low or popular culture, rejecting formal aesthetics to produce creative and spontaneity work, creating works where the reader did was not bound a fixed point of view or clear morals and impressionism and subjectivity was more present (Holman, 1972). The poem “Grass” by Carl Sandburg is very powerful but short and leaves much for the reader to ponder of how to interpret the subject as it both subjective yet sad. The theme of the poem suggests that grass is used to cover up the destruction of war and the deaths associated with it. That war after war is the same as he continues to name battles and it keeps repeating itself. In the beginning of the poem Carl writes “Pile the bodies high at Austerlitz and Waterloo” (poetryfoundation.org). These wars took place earlier in the 19th century and then later Carl goes onto mention Gettysburg, Ypres and Verdun. Which took place later in consecutive order, this symbolizes that history continues to repeat itself but man fails to recognize the death toll and bloodshed as the grass grows over all of it and then it is forgotten. He demonstrates this stating in two lines “Shovel them under and let me work” after naming each battle. That is...
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...Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud Introduction Carl Jung (1875-1961) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) were two individuals whose theories on human personality would completely affect the way that people viewed the human mind. Carl Gustav was a practicing psychotherapist while Sigmund Freud created the discipline of psychoanalysis. The two men had seemingly identical beliefs about human behavior, but also had contrasting beliefs about concepts such as the ego, the psyche, and the state of unconsciousness. Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud’s Theories Sigmund Freud’s beliefs about personality were based on past experiences in an individual’s childhood. Freud stated that all human beings had three personality levels. These were the ego, the id, and the superego. The level of the id is the one that houses a person’s primitive drives and supports the enactment of decisions that are purely based on pleasure. The id’s objective is to avoid pain at all costs and only seek pleasurable sensations. The ego, on the other hand, identifies the significance of reality and makes decisions based on concepts such as judgment, perception recognition, and memory. The last level, the superego, is dedicated to seeking perfection (Reber, 2006). This level houses the individual’s accepted social morals and ideals in the conscience. Jung had different views about the different mental levels in the conscious mind. Instead of the ego, id, and superego, Jung perceived the human thought process as constituting of...
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...A number of Jung's most noteworthy ideas focused around concepts of what he called 'archetypes' and the collective unconscious. Carl Jung proposed that there exists a universal proponent which is part of the unconscious psyche of each and every living things. He named this element the collective unconscious. Jung discussed that the objective of the collective unconscious was to handle an individual's individually specific life experiences in a structure that corresponds between all all humans. Jung presumed that the collective unconscious is not an in singularly formulated part of a person's mind but one which is passed down through inheritance. Psychology forum debates often debate distinctive interpretations of Jung's ideas on the collective unconscious. Even so, different types of interpretations have resulted in Jung's research having an influence on many psychiatrists...
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...COMM S237 JOI Instructor: Gail Haynes Paper composed by: Vanessa Villefort Email: Vanessa.Villefort@edu.uni-graz.at Reaction Paper Experiences in Communication – Carl R. Rogers Everyone has different and unique experiences with communication. The psychologist Carl R. Rogers shares his experiences with communication in Chapter 1 of his book A Way of Being and by doing so provides major understandings of communication to the reader. Having read through the chapter thoroughly, I would like to follow Rodgers advice and “check what [he] says against [my] own experience and decide as to its truth or falsity for [me].” (439) In the following part I will try to make up my own mind by comparing his experience to mine. First of all, Rogers mentions the importance of hearing someone and also to be heard by someone. With hearing he refers to the process of truly listening to someone and that is not just listening to the words but also to the thoughts, the feeling tones, the personal meaning and meaning below the conscious intent of the speaker. Once people feel that someone is deeply hearing them they become relieved and more open. This feeling of being understood by another person lets people often bear their heart to that specific person which in turn makes them more open for the process of change (440). However, truly hearing someone is not an ability everyone possesses. It is a difficult process, since it requires the listener to be open and free of prejudices but also not...
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...Carl Jung has a very broad interpretation of 'religion' and to understand it, one must first examine the concepts Jung puts forward to explain his theory- the collective unconscious and archetypes, as frameworks within the collective unconscious, and how they relate to the process of individuation, the process by which the conscious individual 'harmonises' their psyche (mind). Jung accounts for religion as an expression of the collective unconscious of the species (though Jung may not have agreed with speciation) - religion helps the individuation process. within Jung's concept of the psyche, a three tier system - the personal conscious, the personal unconscious (repressed memories) and the collective unconscious (the blueprint that 'religious' images emerge from, conditioned by the archetypes). The expression of this psyche is the 'libido' (desire), the 'life-force' or energy that is focused through the archetypes. The archetypes are 'conceptual' frames that are shared by the entire species, they are 'functional dispositions' that innately generate images; the archetypes date back to pre-man evolutionary stages. Some examples of these archetypes are the persona - which manifests in dreams as images of masked parties, or suits of armour, the persona represents the 'outward facing' part of the psyche, the extrovert, which interacts with people; the shadow - this generates 'wilderness' or 'woodland' type images, and represents the 'dark', withdrawn 'inwards facing' part of the...
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...Carl Jung thought of Sigmund Freud not only as a friend, but also that of a father figure with whom he could not only open his mind up to, but also his heart. Sigmund Freud thought Jung was energetic and a new and exciting addition to the psychoanalytical movement. But these feeling were about to change. Their friendship was also to end. Jung and Freud were a lot like and also had very different opinions. They both believed that the content of dreams should be interpreted, and that this would be help in treating the patient. They also had their differences. Jung disagreed with Freud of many things. Jung did not accept Freud’s theory on the role of sexuality, personality and the things that influence it, and the unconscious. Adler...
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...Dreams frequently involve people that we know in waking life. The image of a person the dreamer knows may have different meanings, depending on the overall theme of the dream. Earlier we identified objective and subjective ways of looking at dream figures. If you dream of your best friend, the unconscious may be trying to tell you something objective about that person and your relationship with her or him. Or, you might find it helpful to see the friend as representing a part of you that you need to be more aware of. That would be a subjective way of looking at the dream. The dreaming mind might even use the image of someone you know to embody an issue. For example, I recently had two dreams, about a week apart, of two different friends driving me somewhere. There was nothing in the dreams that seemed to tell me something new about these two women (remember, dreams do not come to tell you things you already know). As I continued to think about these two women, however, I realized that both of them had made significant changes in their lives at the same age, the age I was soon to reach myself. This realization led to a very lively and intriguing train of thought about the coming year and what needed to change. The dream images of these two friends directed my waking mind to an important issue that needed some conscious attention. Family Members Dreaming of family members is usually quite significant and women’s dreams generally contain more family members than men’s dreams...
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...“Describe and evaluate Carl Jung’s theory concerning personality types and show how they might usefully help a therapist to determine therapeutic goals” Introduction Carl Gustav Jung (1875 – 1961) a Swiss born psychologist and psychiatrist was the founding father of the theory and methodology known as ‘Analytical Psychology’. In his early years Jung studied with and was heavily influenced by Freud. But would later have fundamental concerns with regard to Freud’s theories going on to develop his theories and practice of ‘Analytical Psychology’. Jung’s legacy and its impact on modern day psychology and the ‘psychologisation of religion’ in particular spirituality and the New Age movement are immense. Many of Jung’s original theories and methodology still influences the way psychologists and psychoanalysts practice today. Psychological concepts such as ‘archetype’, ‘collective unconscious’, ‘the complex’ and ‘synchronicity’ are Jungian precepts. The ‘Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) which is used today to measure an individuals perception of their surroundings and how their decisions are formed, is based on Jung’s ‘Typological theory’. Jung’s father being a pastor and his mother an atheist (in modern day terms) from an early age gave Jung the opportunity to consider and reflect on both “sides” of the religious vs non-believer question, along with the subsequent impact and conflicts within his own psyche. Throughout Jung’s life he expressed a keen interest in nature and...
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