...Unit 1. Case Study 1. Tell Me About Blood Unit 1. Case Study 1. Tell Me About Blood 1. What is the significance of a lower-than-normal hematocrit? What is the effect of a bacterial infection on the hematocrit? (PAGE 618 619) First, hematocrit (HCT) is the percentage of blood made up of red blood cells. Usually measured by centrifuging a blood sample in a graduated tube and then reading the volume of red blood cells and dividing it by the total volume of blood in a sample. A significant drop in hematocrit is an indication of anemia (lower-than-normal number of red blood cells (Jenkins & Tortora, 2013). A bacterial infection would increase the production of white blood cells to fight off the infection. The hematocrit would have a thicker buffer layer (white blood cells) causing the red blood cell production to slightly decrease which would decrease the ratio of red blood cells to whole blood volume. 2. Compare the development of lymphocytes with the development of the other formed elements. (PAGES 629 631 632 769) Lymphocytes and the other formed elements are developed from pluripotent stem cells. The pluripotent stem cells generate myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells. Myeloid stem cells start and complete their development in red bone marrow and give rise to red blood cells, platelets, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, and monocytes. Lymphoid stem cells begin development in the red bone marrow, but some are completed in the lymphatic tissues,...
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...Unit 1. Case Study 1. Tell Me About Blood 1. What is the significance of a lower-than-normal hematocrit? What is the effect of a bacterial infection on the hematocrit? (PAGE 618 619) First, hematocrit (HCT) is the percentage of blood made up of red blood cells. Usually measured by centrifuging a blood sample in a graduated tube and then reading the volume of red blood cells and dividing it by the total volume of blood in a sample. A significant drop in hematocrit is an indication of anemia (lower-than-normal number of red blood cells (Jenkins & Tortora, 2013). A bacterial infection would increase the production of white blood cells to fight off the infection. The hematocrit would have a thicker buffer layer (white blood cells) causing the red blood cell production to slightly decrease which would decrease the ratio of red blood cells to whole blood volume. 2. Compare the development of lymphocytes with the development of the other formed elements. (PAGES 629 631 632 769) Lymphocytes and the other formed elements are developed from pluripotent stem cells. The pluripotent stem cells generate myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells. Myeloid stem cells start and complete their development in red bone marrow and give rise to red blood cells, platelets, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, and monocytes. Lymphoid stem cells begin development in the red bone marrow, but some are completed in the lymphatic tissues, where they give rise to lymphocytes. The B cell lymphocytes...
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...1. What is the significance of a lower-than-normal hematocrit? What is the effect of a bacterial infection on the hematocrit? The significance of lower than normal hematocrit is anemia. This can be caused by nutritional deficiency, loss of blood, bone marrow problems, or abnormal hematocrit. The effect of bacterial infection would cause a decrease in hematocrit. 2. Compare the development of lymphocytes with the development of the other formed elements. Leukocytes are produced or stored in many locations in the body, including the thymus, spleen, and bone marrow. The two kinds of lymphocytes are B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. Lymphocytes start out in the bone marrow and either stay there to mature into B cells, or they leave for the thymus gland, where they mature into T cells. Other formed elements, such as blood is a mixture of plasma and other substances which are developed through red blood cells or erythrocytes. Thrombocytes or platelets are formed by fragmentation of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. 3. What is Erythropoiesis? Which factors speed up and slow down erythropoiesis? Erythropoiesis is the process of red blood cell formation or production which begins in the red bone marrow as a proerythroblast. It then divides several times until it reaches the end of development, ejects the nucleus, and becomes a reticulocyte. These develop into erythrocytes within one or two days after release from the bone marrow. Erythropoiesis slows down when there is a sufficient...
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...Axia College Material Appendix G Case Study: Gayle and Patrick Read the following case study about Gayle and Patrick. You may also click on the Audio: Thinking It Over if you prefer to listen to the case study. After reviewing the case study, answer the questions on below. Gayle and Patrick have been in a monogamous marriage for seven years. During a medical checkup, Gayle finds that she is HIV positive. Because she has not been sexually active outside her marriage and has never injected drugs, received a blood transfusion, or been hospitalized, she is quite certain that Patrick must have infected her. When she calls the local health clinic to discover if Patrick has been tested for HIV, they tell her that this information is confidential. She does not want to confront Patrick for fear that he may not be infected and she will have to explain her own infection. Audio: Thinking It Over This is a difficult situation for Gayle to find herself in. She has to deal with two very large issues — she's infected with a life-threatening virus and she's living with doubt and fear about her partner. Since she's quite certain he transmitted the virus to her, he most likely is infected. How did he become infected? In what behavior did he participate that put him at risk, and eventually put her at risk as well? Why didn't he tell her about it? Why didn't he have himself tested to make sure he was HIV-free? Most people in such cases would be angry with their partners. But Gayle is holding...
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...019 ISSN 2141-2359 ©2012 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Disclosure of information by patients about HIV/AIDS infection in Northeastern Thailand Jaruwan Kownaklai1*, Darunee Rujkorakarn2, Weena Tanwattananon3 and Phoebe D. Williams4 1 Faculty of Nursing, Division of Family Nursing, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand, 44150. 2 Faculty of Nursing, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand, 44150. 3 Infection Clinic, Roi Et Hospital, Roi Et Province, Thailand, 45000. 4 University of Kansas School of Nursing, Kansas City, Kansas, USA, 66160. Accepted 6 July, 2011 Few studies have focused on the processes in which patients reveal their HIV infection to others. This study sought to understand these processes. Thus, the research questions were: (a) What were their thoughts about the moment when patients learned that they were infected? (b) To whom and when did patients disclose that they were infected? (c) How did they disclose the information? (d) How much or what information did they disclose, and what were the reactions of those who were informed? (e) Why did they reveal the information? The descriptive study was done using a convenience sample of 45 patients with HIV/AIDS at a hospital clinic in northeastern Thailand. The results showed that 67% told a family member, usually their mother, within a day of being told about their HIV diagnosis from a medical staff. Most patients (65%) communicated the diagnosis face to face; only 4% used...
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...Blessing Ekum * Saturday, 08 February 2014 01:00 * font size * Print * Email * DISQUS_COMMENTS_COUNT:0 Comments Rate this item * * 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 (1 Vote) раскрутка сайтов Aside being a convenient snack, grapes are also excellent source of several different nutrients that help keep you healthy. They can even prevent and help treat certain diseases says a research reported by Medical News Today. What are the health benefits of grapes? Red grapes, green grapes, purple grapes, seedless grapes, grape jelly, grape jam, grape juice... the ways to consume grapes are endless! And don’t forget wine and raisins! This popular fruit’s history goes back as far as 8,000 years, when grape vines were first cultivated in what is now the Middle East. It may surprise you to hear that grape is actually considered to be a berry. Seventy-two million tons of these berries are grown each year worldwide, with most of them being used to produce wine—7.2 trillion gallons of wine per year, to be exact. The portability, texture, flavour and variety of grapes have made them a popular finger food in countries all over the world. The potential health benefits of consuming grapes are numerous, with past studies associating them with prevention of cancer, heart disease, high blood pressure and constipation. A selection of grapes One cup of red or green grapes contains 104 calories, 1.09 grammes of protein, 0.24 grammes of fat, 1.4 grammes of...
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...Unit 1 Case Study 1: Tell me about blood. 1. Lower than normal Hematocrit indicates Anemia. Hematocrit does not have enough Hemoglobin which is an oxygen carrying protein in red blood cells that results in having Iron, B12 and Folic Acid deficiencies. The main causes of developing Anemia include: medications and pregnancy, but the more serious causes include: kidney disease and cancer of the kidney, also leukemia and lymphoma. A bacterial infection on the Hematocrit can cause the white blood cell count to raise but lower Hematocrit. 2. Lymphocytes and other formed elements develop from Pluripotent cells. Pluripotent stem cells generate Myeloid and lymphoid stem cells. The Myeloid stem cells starts and completes development in red bone marrow and raises red blood cells, Platelets Eosinophils, Basophils, Neutrophils and Monocytes. The Lymphoid stem cells develop in red bone marrow but complete in the Lymphocytes tissue. 3. Erythropoiesis is the production of red blood cells or Erythrocytes. It slows down when there is a decrees in oxygen carrying capacity of blood but speeds up when oxygen is delivered to the kidneys and other tissue foils. 4. If a person with type B where to receive Type O blood there would be no negative effects because Type O blood is universal. 5. A: The WBC that has a round nucleus surrounded by a blue halo of cytoplasm with no visible granules is called Lymphocytes. B: the WBA that contains dense blue-purple granules that hides...
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...Unit 1 Case Study 1 Tell Me about Blood Paige Keegan March 24, 2016 ITT-Technical Institute 1. How does the volume of blood in your body compare to the volume of fluid in a two-liter bottle of soda? In the average-sized male the blood volume is 5-6 liters and 4-5 in the adult female. (Pg. 616) 2. What is the significance of a lower-than-normal hematocrit? A higher-than-normal hematocrit? Lower-than-normal hematocrit indicates anemia. Higher-than-normal hematocrit indicates polycythemia. (Pg. 619) 3. How is the development of lymphocytes unique when compared to the development of the other formed elements? B Lymphocytes develop in red bone marrow, T lymphocytes develop in red bone marrow and mature in the thymus; the other formed elements develop in red bone marrow. 4. How are red blood cells able to squeeze through capillaries that are smaller in diameter than they are? The cell membrane is strong and flexible, so it can deform without rupturing the cell. (pg. 622) 5. Why do red blood cells live for only about 120 days? Because of the wear and tear their plasma membranes undergo as they squeeze through blood capillaries. (pg. 622) 6. What is erythropoiesis? What factors speed up and slow down erythropoiesis? Erythropoiesis is production of RBCs. Erythropoiesis is speeded up when oxygen delivery to the kidneys falls and slows down when there is sufficient oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. (pg. 624) 7. What would happen if a person...
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...Ways to detect and handle your stress level My self-assessment tells me about my level of stress that I will have a high risk of becoming ill in the near future. I’m not surprised about my stress level but is surprised about becoming ill in the near future. Not sure if this is something I would want to know what’s in my near future. This kind of information can be stressful itself in knowing what you may be facing due to my stress level. However, it is useful to know about this so that I can take action now to prevent any illness pertaining to my health. Seeing friends and old classmates losing their life to unaware illness is a wake-up call for me. Stress can cause sever health problems and some cases, can cause death. I have no choice but to take this advice regarding my concerns over stress-related illnesses that may occur. Currently, my stress has been causing me significant unhappiness. After reviewing the article discovered by the American Psychological Association how stress affects the body. This article emphasize the musculoskeletal system and how the muscles tense up due to your stress level. Explaining how chronic stress can cause the muscles in your body to be a constant state of guardedness. And dealing with chronic stress seems to also cause many types of headaches including tension in your shoulders and the neck. I never knew millions of people suffers from this type of stress-related pain that affects the body. Not knowingly how it can also affect your breathing...
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...MPE711: Global Trade and Markets ASSESSMENT GUIDE In both assessment 1 (presentation) and assessment 2 (written research article) you will be required to work in a group on the same research topic. Groups should consist of 3 to 4 individuals. Exceptions to this can be made for offcampus students if they can demonstrate difficulty in finding group members. You are free to form your own groups, whether through face-to-face contact or by using the ‘group formation’ forum on CloudDeakin. Ensure once your group is formed that you register it on CloudDeakin. You are required to finalise your group formation by the second week of trimester. GROUP WORK TIPS Your group will benefit from diversity. You are encouraged to form groups with a broad range of skills covering quantitative analysis, writing, editing skills and leadership skills. You should also try to form groups that cover diverse industry groups and cultural backgrounds. You should consider appointing a leader for the group. The role of the leader is to coordinate meetings and set deadlines. However, the group should still agree on decisions made by the leader and the group cannot expect the leader to bear responsibility for the group’s performance. At the initial stage, avoid assigning different tasks to each member. You are encouraged to work as a group, meaning you should first think about the project as a whole, write down some bullet points, and then meet together to work out a plan prior to the assigning of tasks...
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...Brandon Santiago BIO Case Study 28 November 2015 PART I 1. What types of physiological problems do humans encounter at high altitudes? * Mark had been coughing heavily, and all morning had been slowing up, causing a backlog behind them and prompting several Okays from everyone. 2. What symptoms did the climbers exhibit that might be related to altitude? Explain. * Slow, deep breaths, hyperventilation and headache 3. Compare the air at 18,000 feet (atmospheric pressure 280 mm Hg) to the air at sea level (760 mm Hg). What specific changes in the primary atmospheric gases (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide) might occur? Are they significant? * The heart rate and blood pressure will get a little higher and severe breathing difficulty prior to losing consciousness. 4. What is the specific pulmonary response to high altitude? [Assume you are considering a subject at rest.] * The pulmonary response is unconscious. 5. How will this response affect overall blood gases? What about oxygen loading and unloading from hemoglobin? Explain how you arrived at your conclusions. 6. After breathing at altitude for a few days, the body normally begins producing more 2, 3- DPG. What is the significance of this change? How will it affect the pulmonary changes observed? * The significant change is that the red blood cells regain. It will regain back to 100% within 24 hours. PART II 1. What physiological changes is Emily referring to (above)...
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...weapons, or manufacture firearms out of there Legos or even play battle and take a stab at wrestling proceeds onward their cushion? Well I think I may have a response to that. Most normal American children have a gaming framework (PS4, Xbox-1 or WII) in their homes. Some of these practices are cause by the sorts of feature recreations that the kids play. A few amusements are excessively fierce for children or youngsters, making it impossible to handle. Diversion architect use ESRB appraisals to rate the recreations as indicated by the age best fit for gaming. Let's about-face in time and take a gander at the historical backdrop of feature diversions, and see when viciousness was present. Why did fashioners make the amusements more savage? What sort of roughness was placed in feature amusements then and now? Do specialists accept that feature amusements are the reason for brutality in kids and teenagers? These are the issues that will be replied in this paper. Thesis:...
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...I. Attention-Grabbing introduction: “LEECHES!!!” take a look at these pictures on the board and tell me what you think? …..Pretty crazy huh? Does anyone remember the film “Stand by Me” by chance….? There is a scene in this movie where 4 boys are running and decide to jump in a stream…as they walk out they notice these slimy slug like creatures all over their arms, backs, legs other private parts. As they start flinging these blood sucking creatures from their bodies and other areas that we won’t discuss.. Is one of many justified beliefs that these nasty segmented slimy, wormlike things sole purpose on this earth is to make you recoil in disgust simply from the sight of them…But wait! What if I told you that this same creature held and current serve as an important purpose in the medical field. II. Preview of 3 Main Points: Today I will give information about medical uses of leeches. There are three main points to touch on. First, what medical procedures utilize leeches? Second, why do we use leeches in the medical field. Third and finally, I will speak about the medical benefits of using leeches in medicine today. Thesis/ Specific Purpose Statement: Using these three main points, I will inform the audience of the medical uses and benefits of leeches. The Body: I. Point One: What medical procedures today utilize leeches? A. Sub-point A. 1). Reconstructive Surgery 2). Trauma Patients- In Austrailai 2004 a surfer gets mauled by a surfer on Bondi Beach...
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...Phoenix Material Appendix E Part 1: Case Study Read the following case study about Gayle and Patrick. You may also click on Audio: Thinking It Over if you prefer to listen to the case study. After reviewing the case study, answer the questions on below. Gayle and Patrick have been in a monogamous marriage for 7 years. During a medical checkup, Gayle finds that she is HIV positive. Because she has not been sexually active outside her marriage and has never injected drugs, received a blood transfusion, or been hospitalized, she is quite certain that Patrick must have infected her. When she calls the local health clinic to discover if Patrick has been tested for HIV, they tell her that this information is confidential. She does not want to confront Patrick for fear that he may not be infected and she will have to explain her own infection. Audio: Thinking It Over This is a difficult situation for Gayle to find herself in. She has to deal with two very large issues— she's infected with a life-threatening virus and she's living with doubt and fear about her partner. Since she’s quite certain he transmitted the virus to her, he most likely is infected. How did he become infected? In what behavior did he participate that put him at risk, and eventually put her at risk as well? Why didn't he tell her about it? Why didn't he have himself tested to make sure he was HIV-free? Most people in such cases would be angry with their partners. But Gayle...
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...Neeraj’s USMLE Step-2 CS Notes The Perfect “Encounter”: A Strategic Approach to Communication & Interpersonal skills The encounter in a USMLE CS examination is between a non-physician medical educator (SP: Standardized Patient) and an examinee, who may be a medical student or a physician. SPs are defined as "a simulated or real patient who has been taught to present a problem so accurately that the simulation cannot be detected by a skilled clinician.” (1) These SPs will seem like real patients to you and should be treated as such during the USMLE examination. With this in mind, it is important to remember that good communication and interpersonal skills are a top concern for every patient. If you have a pleasing personality, patiently hear all of their dilemmas and concerns, and have good communication skills, it will surely create and maintain long lasting and conducive relationships with your patients. Before we talk about strategies to delineate an ideal and perfect encounter with a SP, we should know a few facts about the examination. First, what is the purpose of the examination? It is very interesting that this examination is structured to test your clinical skill proficiency and not the diagnosis that you arrive at. Three components of the report score: One must pass all three components in a single test administration. These three components are as follows: ICE (Integrated Clinical Encounter): assess data gathering and data sharing ability. This...
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