...|B a cloudy black color |G a cloudy black color |L no reactions | |NaOH (OH-) |C a cloudy bubbly brown color |H no reactions |M a milky white color | |Na2S04 (SO42-) |D no reactions |I turned a milky white color |N no reactions | |NaCl (Cl-) |E a milky white color |J turned a milky white color |O no reaction | a. Drag a test tube from the box and place it on the metal test tube stand. You can then click on the bottle of Ag+ ion solution on the shelf to add it to the test tube. b. Click on the Divide button on the edge of the lab bench four times to make four additional test tubes containing Ag+. With one test tube in the metal stand and four others in the blue rack, click on the Na2CO3 Bottle on the reagent shelf and observe what happens in the window at the top left. Record your...
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...*If I have to contact the class as a whole it will be through D2L email. Check regularly for notes and announcements.* Credit Hours: 4 Contact Hours: 5 Lab Hours: 2 Prerequisite(s): Math 1710 or equivalent. Required Text(s): 1. Chemistry: The Central Science, 12th edition, Brown, et. al., Prentice Hall, ISBN #978-0-321-78756-9 2. General Chemistry Lab Manual, Cengage Learning ISBN # 9781285127712 3. Register for Sapling Learning homework system ($29.99) See bottom of last page of syllabus for more information!!! Required Supplies/Material(s): Chemical Splash Proof Safety Goggles Recommended Supplementary Material(s): 1. Study Guide and Solutions Manual for Chemistry: The Central Science, 12th edition, Brown, et. al., 2. Scientific calculator Disabilities: A student with a disability who requires academic accommodations MUST contact Sonja Hood, director of disability services, to request an academic accommodation plan. Contact information: Simon Hall 129, (931) 393-1765, shood@mscc.edu Evaluation Plan (subject to revision): |Task |Weight | |Exam 1 (Chapters 10-12) |10% | |Exam 2 (Chapters 13-16) |10% | |Exam 3 (Chapters 17,19-21)...
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...Objective: Examine the dissolving process and compare how different substances dissolve. Log onto a computer and Google “Phet.” Click on the first site listed, once at the site click “play with sims,” then click “Chemistry.” Find the “Sugar and Salt Solutions” simulation on the phet site and click it, then click “run now.” Define the following terms: (use your book or the internet) Solution-chemistry fluid with substance dissolved in it: a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together and uniformly dispersed, most commonly the result of dissolving a solid, fluid, or gas in a liquid. It is also possible, however, to form a solution by dissolving a gas or solid in a solid or one gas in another gas Solute- is a substance dissolved in another substance, usually the component of a solution present in the lesser amount. Solvent- is a substance that can dissolve another substance, or in which another substance is dissolved, forming a solution. Water is the most common solvent. Solubility- the quality or property of being soluble; relative capability of being dissolved Concentration- is the amount of a particular substance in a given amount of another substance, especially a solution or mixture. 1. Once the simulation is up, click the “Micro” tab at the top of the simulation. There should be a salt shaker above water, if not, click the “salt” button. Shake the salt shaker. a. As the salt falls out of the shaker what state of matter is the salt...
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... |M Milk color | |Na2S04 (SO42-) |D NR |I Milk Color |N NR | |NaCl (Cl-) |E milk color |J Milk color |O NR | a. Enter the stockroom by clicking inside the Stockroom window. Once inside the stockroom, drag a test tube from the box and place it on the metal test tube stand. You can then click on the bottle of Ag+ ion solution on the shelf to add it to the test tube. Click Done to send the test tube back to the lab. Click on the Return to Lab arrow. b. Place the test tube containing the Ag+ solution in the metal test tube stand. Click on the Divide button on the bottom (with the large red arrow) four times to make four additional test tubes containing Ag+. With one test tube in the metal stand and four others in the blue rack, click on the Na2CO3 bottle on the reagent shelf and observe what happens in the window at the...
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...Ranking Salt Solutions by pH 6-2: Ranking Salt Solutions by pH In this assignment you will be asked to rank aqueous solutions of acids, bases, and salts in order of increasing pH. This is most easily done by first identifying the strong acids that have the lowest pH, the strong bases that have the highest pH, and the neutral solutions that have a pH near 7. The weak acids will have a pH between 1 and 6 and the weak bases between 8 and 14. The exact order of weak acids and weak bases is determined by comparing the ionization constants (Ka for the weak acids and Kb for the weak bases). After ranking the pH of these solutions, you will then test your predictions in the laboratory. 1. Arrange the following 0.1 M solutions in order of increasing pH and state why you placed each solution in that position: NaCH3COO, HCl, HCN, NaOH, NH3, NaCN, KNO3, H2SO4, NH4Cl, H2SO3, NaHCO3, Na3PO4 and CH3COOH. In order of increasing pH: 1.HCl most powerful acid. 2.H2SO4 a strong acid 3.H2SO3 weak but stronger than 4.HCN from experiments 5.CH3COOH weak acid 6.NH4Cl is an acidic salt 7.KNO3 is Neutral salt 8.NaCH3COO NaCN NaHCO3 Na3PO4 are basic salts. 9.NH3 weak Base 10.NaOH strong Base After doing the experiment this is the order that I got: NH4Cl H2SO4 HCl H2SO3 KNO3 NaHCO3 CH3COOH NH3 HCN NaCH3COO NaCN Na3PO4 NaOH Once you have predicted the nature of each salt solution, you will use Virtual ChemLab to confirm your prediction...
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...assignments. The lab will open in the Calorimetry laboratory with a beaker of ice on the balance and a coffee cup calorimeter on the lab bench. 2. Click on the Lab Book to open it. Record the mass of the ice on the balance in the data table. If the mass is too small to read, click on the Balance area to zoom in. Note that the balance has already been tared for the mass of the empty beaker. 3. 100 mL of water is already in the coffee cup. Use the density of water at 25 C (0.998 g/mL) to determine the mass of water from the volume. Record the mass in the data table. Make certain the stirrer is On (you should be able to see the shaft rotating). In the thermometer window, click Save to begin recording data to the lab book. Allow 20-30 seconds to obtain a baseline temperature of the water. 4. Drag the beaker from the balance area until it snaps into place above the coffee cup and then pour the ice into the calorimeter. Click the thermometer and graph windows to bring them to the front and observe the change in temperature in the graph window until it reaches a minimum value and begins to warm again. Click Stop in the temperature window. (You can click on the clock on the wall labeled Accelerate to accelerate the time in the laboratory.) A data link icon will appear in the lab book. Click the data link icon and record the temperature...
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...dissolve a sample of NaCl in water and then measure the boiling point elevation for the solution. 1. Start Virtual ChemLab and select Boiling Point Elevation from the list of assignments. The lab will open in the Calorimetry laboratory with a calorimeter on the lab bench and a sample of sodium chloride (NaCl) on the balance. 2. Record the mass of the sodium chloride in the data table. If it is too small to read, click on the Balance area to zoom in, record the reading, and then return to the laboratory. 3. 100 mL of water is already in the calorimeter. Use the density of water at 25°C (0.998 g/mL) to determine the mass from the volume and record it in the data table. Make certain the stirrer is On (you should be able to see the shaft rotating). Click on the green heater light on the control panel to turn on the heater and begin heating the water. Click the clock on the wall labeled Accelerate to accelerate the laboratory time if necessary. 4. Observe the temperature until the first appearance of steam comes from the calorimeter. Immediately click the red light on the heater to turn it off and then record the temperature as the boiling point of pure water in the data table. Letting the water boil will decrease the mass of the water present in the calorimeter. Note that the boiling point may be different than 100°C if the atmospheric pressure is not 760 Torr. The current atmospheric pressure for the day can be checked by selecting Pressure on the LED meter...
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...Hunter College, CUNY Chem104LC Spring 2015 General Chemistry 2: Spring 2015 Section 01: Tu/Fr, 9:10am - 11:00am Section 02: Sa, 10:10am – 12:00pm Instructors: Sec 01: Nadya Kobko, PhD (Room 1320HN) Sec 02: Ravichandra Bachu, PhD (Room TBA) Email: nkobko@hunter.cuny.edu Email: rbachu@hunter.cuny.edu Office Hours: We 4 to 7 pm (or by appt.) Office Hours: TBA (1403HN, Sa) Goal of the course: This is the second semester of a 2-semester general chemistry sequence that you began in Chem 102 last semester. In Chem 104 we will cover the topics of kinetics, equilibrium, acids and bases, buffers, complex ions, thermodynamics, electrochemistry and nuclear chemistry. Chem 104 is a demanding course (more so than Chem 102) and to achieve success in this course you will need to organize large quantities of information in coherent ways so that you are able to recall and apply your knowledge. In addition you will have to learn to organize your time efficiently. And the mathematics is more demanding than in Chem 102! This semester general chemistry is run using a flipped classroom model. In this model you will watch videos and complete online homework at home and then come to class to complete workshop assignments (during your recitation section) and participate in peer-learning activities using an iClicker (during lecture every Friday). On Tuesdays during lecture we will stream the class videos for the week. This class is an optional component of the course. You should plan to spend at least...
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...Virtual ChemLab, select Colligative Properties, and select Freezing Point Depression from the list of assignments. The lab will open in the Calorimetry laboratory with a beaker containing 45.00 g of ice and a coffee cup calorimeter on the lab bench. A sample of sodium chloride (NaCl) will also be on the balance. 2. Click on the Lab Book to open it. Record the mass of the sodium chloride in the data table. If it is too small to read, click on the Balance area to zoom in, record the mass, and then return to the laboratory. 3. 100 mL of water is already in the calorimeter. Use the density of water at 25o C (0.998 g/mL) to determine the mass from the volume and record it in the data table. Make certain the stirrer is On (you should be able to see the shaft rotating). In the thermometer window, click Save to begin recording data in the lab book. Allow 20-30 seconds to obtain a baseline temperature of the water. Click the clock on the wall labeled Accelerate to accelerate the laboratory time if necessary. 4. Drag the beaker of ice until it snaps into place above the calorimeter and then pour the ice into the calorimeter. Click the thermometer and graph windows to bring them to the front and observe the change in temperature in the graph window until it reaches zero. Drag the weigh paper from the balance to the calorimeter and then pour it into...
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...Chemistry -Study of the composition, structure, properties, and interactions of matter. -Central Science. BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY 1. Inorganic chemistry is the study of the chemical nature of the elements and their compounds (except hydrocarbons—compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen). Involves substance that do not contain carbon or substances from non-living things. 2. Organic Chemistry, branch of chemistry in which carbon compounds and their reactions are studied. A wide variety of classes of substances—such as drugs, vitamins, plastics, natural and synthetic fibers, as well as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats—consist of organic molecules. Study of all substance containing carbon in combination of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements. 3. Analytical chemistry is the science of separating complex materials into simpler ones and detecting and measuring the constituents. 4. Physical chemistry is fundamental to all chemistry and deals with the application of physical laws to chemical systems and chemical change. Concerned with theories and experiments that describes the behaviour of chemicals. 5. Biochemistry is the chemistry of living organisms and life processes. Cell: Compound 1. Protein 2. Carbohydrates - sugar 3. Nucleic acid – DNA, RNA 4. Lipids – fats SCIENTIFIC METHOD * A logical approach to the solution of the problem. STEPS: 1. Identify the problem 2. Gathering Information 3. Formulate hypothesis 4. Experimentation...
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...Green chemistry, also called sustainable chemistry, is a philosophy of chemical research and engineering that encourages the design of products and processes that minimize the use and generation of hazardous substances. Whereas environmental chemistry is the chemistry of the natural environment and of pollutant chemicals in nature, green chemistry seeks to reduce the negative impact of chemistry on environment by preventing pollution at its source and using fewer natural resources. As a chemical philosophy, green chemistry applies to organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry and even chemical engineering. While green chemistry seems to focus on industrial applications, it does apply to any chemistry choice. Click chemistry is cited as a style of chemical synthesis that is consistent with the goals of green chemistry. The focus is on minimizing the hazard and maximizing the efficiency of any chemical choice. In 2005 three key developments in green chemistry were identified: use of superficial carbon dioxide as green solvent, aqueous hydrogen peroxide for clean oxidations and the use of hydrogen in asymmetric synthesis. Examples of applied green chemistry are supercritical water oxidation, on water reactions and dry media reactions. Bioengineering is also seen as a promising technique for achieving green chemistry goals. A number of important process chemicals can be synthesized in engineered organisms, such as shikimate, a Tamiflu...
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...Chapter 2: Chemistry and molecules of life -Homeostasis- The maintenance of an internal environment -Energy- The ability to do work -Metabolism- Chemical reactions in a cell that allows it to use energy -Element- A chemically pure substance that cannot not be broken down -Matter- anything that takes of space -Atom- smallest unit of an element -Proton- positively charged particle inside nucleus -Electron- negatively charged particle around nucleus -Neutron- uncharged particle inside nucleus -Nucleus- core of an atom -Covalent Bond- strong bond from the sharing of electrons between two atoms -Molecule- atoms together by covalent bond -Organic Molecule- carbon based molecule with at least one C-H bond -Inorganic Molecule- lacks carbon and C-H bond -Carbohydrate- organic molecule made up of sugars -Protein- organic molecule made up of amino acid -Lipids- organic molecule that repels water -Nucleic Acids- organic molecule made of nucleotides DNA/RNA -Macromolecules- organic molecules made up of living organisms (carbohydrates,protiens,nucleic acids) -Monomer- one chemical subunit -Polymer- molecule made up of individual subunits -Monosaccharide- monomer of a carbohydrate -Amino Acid- monomer of a protein -Nucleotide- monomer of a nucleic acid -Cell- basic structure of living organisms -Phospholipid- lipid that forms a cell membrane -Phospholipid Bilayer- double layer lipid that characterizes biological...
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..._____________________________________________________________________CHEM 100 LECTURE UNIT 1. FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMSITRY Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. Applications of Chemistry • Energy and the Environment • Fossil fuels • Solar energy • Nuclear energy Health and Medicine • Sanitation systems • Surgery with anesthesia • Vaccines and antibiotics Materials and Technology • Polymers, ceramics, liquid crystals • Room-temperature superconductors? • Molecular computing? Food and Agriculture • Genetically modified crops • “Natural” pesticides • Specialized fertilizers • • • Classification of Matter A substance is a form of matter that has a definite composition and distinct properties. An element is a substance that is composed of tiny particles called atoms. A compound is a substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions. Compounds can only be separated into their pure components (elements) by chemical means. A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities. Physical means can be used to separate a mixture into its pure components. Homogenous mixture – composition of the mixture is the same throughout. Heterogeneous mixture – composition is not uniform throughout. 1 |P a g e _____________________________________________________________________CHEM 100 LECTURE PROPERTIES OF MATTER...
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...HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT APPROACHES TO INDUSTRIAL RELATION: Industrial conflicts are the results of several socio-economic, psychological and political factors. Various lines of thoughts have been expressed and approaches used to explain his complex phenomenon. One observer has stated, “An economist tries to interpret industrial conflict in terms of impersonal markets forces and laws of supply demand. To a politician, industrial conflict is a war of different ideologies – perhaps a class-war. To a psychologist, industrial conflict means the conflicting interests, aspirations, goals, motives and perceptions of different groups of individuals, operating within and reacting to a given socio-economic and political environment”. Psychological approach The problems of IR have their origin in the perceptions of the management, unions and the workers. The conflicts between labour and management occur because every group negatively perceives the behaviour of the other i.e. even the honest intention of the other party so looked at with suspicion. The problem is further aggravated by various factors like the income, level of education, communication, values, beliefs, customs, goals of persons and groups, prestige, power, status, recognition, security etc are host factors both economic and non-economic which influence perceptions unions and management towards each other. Industrial peace is a result mainly of proper attitudes and perception of the two parties. Sociological approach ...
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... Molecules can be either organic or inorganic. In chemistry terms, organic means a molecule has a carbon backbone, with some hydrogen’s thrown in for good measure. Living creatures are made of various kinds of organic compounds. Inorganic molecules are composed of other elements. They can contain hydrogen or carbon, but if they have both, they are organic. An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon and hydrogen; therefore, carbides, carbonates, carbon oxides and elementary carbon are not organic. An inorganic compound is a chemical compound that is not an organic compound. Inorganic compounds come principally from mineral sources of non-biological origin. The modern definition of inorganic compounds often includes all metal-containing compounds, even those found in living systems. Although most carbon compounds are classed as organic, cyanide salts, carbon oxides and carbonates are usually considered to be inorganic. The terms "organic" and "inorganic," as applied to the various kinds of matter of which the universe is composed, had, to begin with, a very definite signification; the latter being applied to all those forms of matter which exist independently of the operation of living beings, whilst all kinds of matter produced by the vital chemistry of living beings were grouped together under the former title. "Inorganic" Chemistry. At the present day, the term "organic" has...
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