...Final Paper: Senkaku Diaoyu Dispute Word Count: 3008 Table of Contents Abstract3 Sino-Japanese Dispute over the Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands4 Pending Controversy from the Chinese Perspective 4 China’s Strategy in the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands Dispute 6 Issue Linkage and Coercive Diplomacy 6 Sino-Japanese political-economic relations 8 Cold Politics and Hot Economics 8 References13 Abstract: The Senkaku Diaoyu crisis is a territorial dispute between China and Japan over a group of islands know as Senkaku in Japanese and Diaoyu in Chinese. The Sino-Japanese dispute over the Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands dates back to as early as 1895 when Japan annexed the islands. It was not until the 1960’s and early 1970’s that the dispute becomes a major topic of Sino-Japanese relations due to a report by the United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East that suggested possible large hydrocarbon deposit in the waters off Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands (Zhongqi, P. 2007). China however, has clearly stated that the islands have been its territory for the last five centuries (Yuan 2013). There are many disputes in regards to the ownership of the islands. Firstly, China believes that Japans claim of sovereignty over the islands in 1895 holds no meaning, leaving the lands unclaimed. Second, China and Japan disagree over whether Japan returned the islands to China after the Japanese defeat in World War II. Lastly, China and Japan debate over how their maritime boundary in the East China...
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...Jingwei Ye (Jeff) POL 342 Beijing Consensus Since China economic reform started in 1980s, China has been actively engaged establishing foreign relationship. The Chinese has done far more investments than the west today. However, the China effect in international relationships is viewed as a global concern due to China’s profit based foreign policy. China aimed Africa in 1970s as the first diplomatic target due to its rich natural resources. Up till today, the Chinese investment occupies 44% of all areas combined in Africa.1 In Angola, Chinese investors own 37% of the investments, and they benefit from these investments by earning millions of dollars. Seen from the outside, The Chinese seems is making a significant effort of making a win-win situation between China and Africa. In fact, China is often dealing its investment with the rouge governments and even, dictators. Example has been given in the book The Beijing Consensus. “Beijing has maintained strong economic relations with Khartoum since 2002, focusing on Sudan’s considerable natural resources.”1 A year later the genocide broke out between the Khartoum’s government and the Darfur region in Sudan. The conflict killed over two hundred thousand Darfurians and millions were displaced. The UN Security Council failed on intervene the violence because China’s diplomatic protection of Sudan. Interestingly, China did all these publically. China today is not...
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...Economic Diplomacy – The Case of China and Zambia Marcov Alexandru Cristian Economic Diplomacy – The Case of China and Zambia Introduction Former Indian diplomat, Kishan S Rana defines Economic Diplomacy as “the process through which countries tackle the outside world, to maximize their national gain in all the fields of activity including trade, investment and other forms of economically beneficial exchanges, where they enjoy comparative advantage.; it has bilateral, regional and multilateral dimensions, each of which is important”.[1] China has emphatically registered its presence on the African economic and political landscape in the last decade. Among other things, the volume of trade between China and Africa has risen steadily from USD 10 billion a year in 2000 to over USD 40 billion in 2005, and is projected to cross USD 100 billion by 2010. To celebrate and cement these growing ties, thirty five heads of state from Africa assembled in Beijing at the invitation of the Chinese president Hu Jintao for the inaugural China-Africa Summit (referred to as the Summit henceforth) in November 2006. More than 2000 trade deals were signed in Beijing as China promised USD 5 billion in aid and credit to African countries in the next few years, and vowed to train thousands of its young men and women.[2] Zambia is a land-locked country in Southern Africa with a population of 13 460 305. Zambia’s natural resources include copper, cobalt, zinc, lead...
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...How has China managed to promote its stature in the international financial market? The environmental analysis for the development of China’s international financial market 1.1 Enabling environment: The rapid rise in emerging markets. It changes the structure of global economic strength. On multiple economic and financial indicators, emerging countries can rank into the top 10, and they can challenged the developed countries on aspect of the international financial governance and international financial rules in international financial system. For instance, In 2010, the economic growth of emerging markets took up 72% to world economic growth, and among them, the BRIC is up to 49.1%. The international rankings of main economic indicators(2012) |Ranking |Nominal GDP |Purchasing power |Total volume of trade |Total foreign reserves | | | |parity(PPP) | | | |1 |USA |USA |USA |China | |2 |China |China |China |Japan | |3 |Japan |India |Germany |Eurozone | |4 |Germany |Japan |Japan |Saudi Arabia ...
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...Rationales for United States Imperialism When thinking of the word imperialism, one may think of it as forcefully taking independence away from a country for the benefit of a more powerful country. Imperialism can be seen either positively or negatively based on the reasons and or the outcome depending on the situation. The United States imperialism began in the late 1800’s and since then, has been influencing other countries in political, economic, and cultural ways. The effects of United States imperialism have been positive in countries like Panama because of the ideal of democracy has been spread; however, Puerto Rico might view it differently. Some foreign policies also developed as a result of America’s imperialism. The United States involvement in Panama has been both helpful and beneficial to both countries. United States initially went to Panama to build the Panama Canal because they saw it as vessel to traffic goods to build economic growth using the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. It was not that easy for the United States to do so due to Columbia’s involvement with Panama at that time. Panama was owned by Columbia and would not permit America to build much less use a canal in Panama. Panama was not pleased with Columbia ruling their country, so they allowed the United States to help them get from under Columbia’s rule in return for the passageway known today as the Panama Canal. The United States helped Panama escape the Columbian control and stayed...
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...both of which have splendid cultures and a long history, are on the rise and eager to shine in the world stage. To address such inadequacy, this paper intends to present an assessment on China and India’s soft power building and find out who has the lead in the race. 1.2 Structure of the Study The paper is divided into several sections. It begins with a literature review that goes over studies on China and India’s soft power strength. Then, it proceeds to explain the key concept “soft power” using Nye’s classic theoretical framework. Concerning the different nature of the three soft power resources, the three main parts of the paper are organized in different ways. As for the discussion of culture as a soft power resource, the paper focuses on the events, actions, and behaviors that reveal China and India’s efforts to enhance their soft power strength by exploiting their cultural resources. As for political values, more weight is...
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...International Exposition (Expo) is an organization for placing brand and converging the public diplomacy. Since the Great Exhibition of 1851in London had opened the door to a procession of spectacular festivals of self-representation and image making, most western countries have accepted the Expo as an opportunity to show that their method to challenge of sustainable development of the city is in a more environmentally friendly interactive displays than others. However, the greatest honor cumulative to the hosts. The city of Shanghai, which was a badge member of the exclusive club of the world’s premiere cities, worthy of the event in a world-class. More widely, the Beijing Olympics of 2008 showed the new China and precisely provided an example of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Hence, the Chinese government may point to the Expo as another example of the admiration of the world turning toward China. It was reported that in the last 160 years, there has never an Expo similar to that, which took place in the 2010 Shanghai Expo. A case in point is that more than 700,000 people poured into a site the size of Baltimore in Shanghai in 184 days. They found that an unprecedented number of pavilions, built by the state and enterprises exhibitors, which deployed cutting edge architecture and state-of-the-art exhibition techniques to comment as ‘Better City, Better Life’ in English, but the Chinese version is closer to ‘city: let ’s make life better ’. Methodology The City Brand is...
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...from now, China celebrates the lunar new year and enters the Year of the Monkey, its leaders will see plenty of mischief already afoot in two of the country's fringe territories. In Taiwan, President Chen Shui-bian's plan to hold a referendum simultaneously with his re-election bid on March 20 is a dangerous tweak at the Beijing dragon's nose, even though the plebiscite only asks the island's 23 million people their predictable opinion about the Chinese ballistic missiles aimed at them. In Hong Kong, the heightened political awareness shown in last July's half-million-strong march against a new security law will almost certainly carry through into elections for the territory's Legislative Council in August, and will increase pressure for constitutional reform to let the successor to Chinese-appointed "chief executive" Tung Chee-hwa be chosen by popular vote when his term ends in 2007. Both developments call for determined diplomacy by the many foreign countries with a strong interest in supporting democratic trends in these two Chinese outposts, in the face of intense hostility by Beijing to any outside "interference" in what it asserts to be purely domestic issues. No country would be more awkwardly caught in the middle of conflicting security and economic interests than Australia if the simmering Taiwan dispute actually flared into war and the United States asked its Pacific allies to join defending the island. The result of such a conflict is a foregone conclusion, given...
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...discussing China’s thirst for resources in the area and how it was evident from her very first visit to Liberia in 1983. Professor Brautigam has written two books on the subject: Chinese aid and African Development and The Dragon’s Gift, so she seems to be a very reliable source of information. Initially one would think that the involvement is very big with twenty-five big dams built by Chinese funding, but a closer look shows that only five of the twenty-five were actually relevant operations of the Chinese. With that said, she did say that the engagement with Africa does present a very difficult situation with the tree and ivory demand of China. The high demand of both these goods makes for a very unhealthy and dangerous situation to the environment of Africa. Professor Brautigam then spoke on the partnership of China and Sudan and the deadliness of this. China is the largest supplier of guns to Africa. It goes without saying that this is not a good thing and results in a very dangerous atmosphere. Even with all of the downsides to the partnership of China and Africa Professor Brautigam did want to strip away all of the myths of the relationship. To begin she discussed how long they have been there, which has been since about the 1950s and has really ramped up the pressure since 2006. The next question answered was why is China in Africa to begin with? For the most part it is for resources but they also are there to promote strategic diplomacy, business, trade, and infrastructure...
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...economic growth has made it the second fastest growing energy market in the world. Its domestic and international strategies has produced foreign policy differences with the United States that will require careful management on both sides. India’s basic approach to energy diplomacy has been to develop its supply potential and neutralize its potential competitors, principally China. India’s strategic interest in Iran as its energy partner and then the Iraq crisis are having a negative consequence on its economic prosperity, placing it on crossroads with the US. There is a divide between US and EU about the wisdom and desirability of imposing harsh economic sanctions on Russia. In any such confrontation, EU stands to lose much more than the US, though it can be argued that Russia will be the worst loser. In future, Russia may try to find new potential market for its gas and that could be India. So it is important for India to take its stand on Ukraine crisis carefully without tarnishing its relation with USA. India’s long-term prosperity hinges to some degree on a conflict free neighborhood; that an economically integrated region is in India’s overall security interests. Keywords: oil crisis, energy diplomacy, Ukraine Crisis, trade agreement, SAARC Nations Literature Review Indian foreign policy has always concentrated around major powerful nations like USA and Russia. The research which has been done so far is focused on building relations with these nations. We see that a...
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...The Chinese Civil War KMT vs. CCP The Chinese civil war of 1946-49, is considered one of the most brutal and bloody conflicts near the final stages of the Second World War, which took the lives of millions of soldiers and civilians. The war was fought between two parties, the Kuomintang (KMT or Nationalists) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP or Reds). The leaders of these parties respectively were Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong. The war between the KMT and CCP wasn’t a new struggle but a continuation that dates back more than a couple decades and resumes after the Japanese had surrendered in 1945. In 1949, the better armed KMT were ultimately defeated by the CCP. The reasons for the CCP’s decisive victory are due to the poor mismanagements of Chiang Kai-shek combined with the corruption of the KMT, the superior leadership and tactics of Mao Zedong and the communists, the positive support from the peasants, and the aid provided by the Soviet Union. Although Chiang and his Nationalists looked like they had all the advantages over the CCP at the end of the Japanese war, Chiang’s leadership and the corruption of officers in the KMT’s forces known as the “Nationalist Revolutionary Army” (NRA), would be a major cause in the KMT’s defeat. One of Chiang’s military goals was to be the head of a national army that would heed all of his orders which was never fully accomplished. Throughout the civil war, the armies he controlled were a mixed bag. There were...
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...Crisis in Darfur: An Educational Simulation July 10, 2009 U.S. Diplomacy Center Department of State PARTICIPANT BACKGROUND GUIDE INTRODUCTION: “CRISIS IN DARFUR” Whether the murder, rape, pillage, and displacement of tens of thousands in the Darfur region of Sudan is labeled a tragedy, or civil war, or ethnic cleansing, or genocide “in slow motion” 1, the world can’t ignore what is going on in western Sudan. According to the UN, over 2.1 million people are believed to have left their homes, and up to 70,000 have been killed. Other estimates put the death toll higher, up to 400,000. International media has only limited access due to the remoteness and instability in this vast region the size of France. So we don’t see all the day to day details of suffering as we did, for example, in late 1998 in Kosovo. Those images and reports helped trigger UN ultimatums and eventual NATO intervention in 1999. After the Holocaust, the world said “never again” should we stand by and watch while millions are slaughtered. After the Cambodian genocide of the 1970s, after the Rwandan genocide of 1994, and after the mass killings in Srebrenica in Bosnia in 1995, the world also stood by, and then said “never again.” And now we have Darfur. Thus Darfur can be seen as a profound test of the credibility of the international community: the United Nations, the international NGO community, the African Union, and citizens and governments around the world. Is there the will to act in Darfur or will we stand...
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................................................................................................................................... 3 Other interests .................................................................................................................................... 3 China vs. the West ............................................................................................................................... 3 Chinese emigration and its impact ...................................................................................................... 4 Africa’s relation with China ................................................................................................................. 5 The West’s reaction............................................................................................................................. 7 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction Over the last 17 years, Chinese relationships with Africa have intensified drastically. While in the beginning those relationships had been established mainly on an elite leadership level, they...
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...Assignment Submission Declaration School of __________________________ | | Name: | <please leave blank> | | | Matriculation No: | 44081 | | | Title: | South China Sea: Recipe for War Between China and ASEAN? | | | Course and Code: | ADSP | | | Lecturer/Tutor: | A/P Bernard Loo | | | Submission Date: | 8 Apr 13 | | Keep a Copy of the Assignment Please make a copy of your work. If you have submitted your assignment electronically also make a backup copy. Plagiarism and Collusion Plagiarism: to use or pass off as one’s own, the writings or ideas of another without acknowledging or crediting the source from which the ideas are taken. Collusion: submitting an assignment, project or report completed by another person and passing it off as one’s own (as defined in the NTU Honour Code. See http://academicintegrity.ntu.edu.sg/). Penalties for Plagiarism and Collusion The penalties associated with plagiarism exist to reward good academic conduct; those who cheat will be severely punished to reflect the seriousness with which NTU views cheating, and its commitment to academic integrity. Penalties may include: the requirement to revise and resubmit an assignment, receiving a lower grade, or receiving an F grade for the assignment. DeclarationI declare that this assignment is my own work, unless otherwise referenced, as defined by the NTU policy on plagiarism. I have read the NTU Honour Code and Pledge. http://www.ntu.edu.sg/sao/Pages/HonourCode...
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...The Sources of Japanese Militarism Source: J.B. Crowley, “A New Deal for Japan and Asia: One Road to Pearl Harbor” (1970)1 Introduction While the events of Pearl Harbor (1941) became “a date which will live in infamy” for the Americans, it is doubted by many if the attack was to be expected due to the rigid U.S. policy toward Japan. Crowley argues that by not acting against the 1931 Japanese intervention in Manchuria the U.S. “condemned itself to Pearl Harbor and the Pacific War”. In the perspective of the Vietnam War the aspects of Asian nationalism, the heritage of colonialism, communist ideology & national movement emerged. America’s role in Asia should be reassessed, and a better understanding of Asian racism and nationalism is needed. In this perspective Pearl Harbor will be seen as a by-product of Asian nationalism and as a conflict between an Asian country and the Occidental nationalism. As he assumes for the Japanese Pearl Harbor portrayed “a blow against the efforts of the Occidental powers to strangle Japan”. He quotes Tokutomi Sohō’s comment on the Imperial Declaration of War: “We must show the races of East Asia that order, tranquillity, peace... can be gained only by eradicating... [the Anglo-Saxons] ...and by making Nippon the leader of East Asia.” The essay of Crowley aims to help the better understanding of nationalism, colonialism, communism and imperialism in the Asian setting. The post-WW1 situation 1 Besides this essay, I relayed on the Wikipedia...
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