...Homelessness and poverty continues to be a problem across Canada and around the world. Homelessness is described as ‘the situation of an individual or family without stable, permanent, appropriate housing, or the immediate prospect, means and ability of acquiring it’ (Gaetz, Donaldson, Richter, & Gulliver, 2013, p.4). Homelessness can result from mental, cognitive, physical or behavioural challenges, or may result from societal barriers and discrimination (Gaetz et al., 2013). Gaetz, Gulliver, & Richter (2014) states that declining wages, reduced benefit levels including pensions and social assistance and a shrinking supply of affordable housing have placed more and more Canadians at risk of homelessness. According to recent estimates, each...
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...1.1. Background and motivation Water and drinking water in particular cannot be dispensed with, so must be clean, free of pollution and available all the time to preserve life{1}. However, an estimated 1.2 billion people around the world lack access to safe water and close to 2.5 billion are not provided with adequate sanitation {2}. Consequently, more than half the population of the world is exposed to different types of water borne and water related diseases. Poor sanitation causing major problems in developing countries, leads to water pollution by disease-causing organisms such as salmonella, cholera, shigella, E. coli, and most waterborne diseases. feces and ultimately allowed to find their way into water supplies through seepage...
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...MINING AND WATER POLLUTION Water is essential to life on our planet. A prerequisite of sustainable development must be to ensure uncontaminated streams, rivers, lakes and oceans. There is growing public concern about the condition of fresh water in Canada. Mining affects fresh water through heavy use of water in processing ore, and through water pollution from discharged mine effluent and seepage from tailings and waste rock impoundments. Increasingly, human activities such as mining threaten the water sources on which we all depend. Water has been called “mining’s most common casualty” (James Lyon, interview, Mineral Policy Center, Washington DC). There is growing awareness of the environmental legacy of mining activities that have been undertaken with little concern for the environment. The price we have paid for our everyday use of minerals has sometimes been very high. Mining by its nature consumes, diverts and can seriously pollute water resources. Negative Impacts While there have been improvements to mining practices in recent years, significant environmental risks remain. Negative impacts can vary from the sedimentation caused by poorly built roads during exploration through to the sediment, and disturbance of water during mine construction. Water pollution from mine waste rock and tailings may need to be managed for decades, if not centuries, after closure. These impacts depend on a variety of factors, such as the sensitivity of local terrain, the composition of...
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...The Bottled Water Industry and Its Impacts on Our Environment and Health Comparing with Tap Water in North America INTRODUCTION The world nowadays has a rapid increase in population, thus it leads to a drastic demand for water resources. However, in reality, there is only 2.5% of the Earth’s water is freshwater, and 98.8% of them is still in ice and groundwater (Peter H. Gleic, 1993). The water resources are distributed unevenly due to the geographic locations. There are about 884 million people do not have access to clean and safe water. (World Health Organization, 2012). At the meantime, studies shows that limited availability of safe drinking water, and growing awareness among people to safeguard their health using bottled water, the bottled water industries boomed over those developed countries (Anisur Rahman, 2007). From 2001 to 2011, the United States alone had produced 5,185.3 millions of gallons of water to 9,107.3 millions of gallons of water, and had an increasing revenues from 6,808.4 millions of dollars to 11,083.8 millions of dollars (Beverage Marketing Corporation, 2006). As the bottled water market grows mature, it accounts for 1% of total GDP of the United States and Canada respectively in 2011. This paper is aimed at critically examining the overall bottled water production and its side effects on human health and environment in North America. It is organized as follows: it discusses where the water from and how it was processed and its affects on health...
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...permission to reproduce materials, contact Ivey Publishing, Ivey Business School, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada, N6G 0N1; (t) 519.661.3208; (e) cases@ivey.ca; www.iveycases.com. Educational material supplied by The Case Centre Copyright encoded A76HM-JUJ9K-PJMN9I Order reference F269684 Copyright © 2013, Richard Ivey School of Business Foundation Version: 2015-03-19 It was January 27, 2011 and Trevor MacDonald, president and chief executive officer (CEO) of Global Remediation (Global), was facing a decision that could forever change the future of the firm. Global had been founded seven years earlier in Fredericton, New Brunswick to exploit a new technology for cleaning soil and water at previous industrial sites. As the company’s capabilities became more widely known, firms were starting to ask Global to partner with them in remediation of increasingly large projects. As a result of these opportunities, MacDonald had to evaluate how to raise the funds necessary to build the capacity to take part in the new projects — Global was already operating at very close to capacity. This was a refreshing problem. After years of working to demonstrate its technology and obtain the necessary government approvals, Global was finally starting to be recognized as a leader in the area of soil and water remediation both inside and outside Canada. Consequently, MacDonald needed to determine the best way forward: Should Global raise capital to finance an expansion...
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...ample evidence of the high levels of pollution that was associated with inadequate ventilation of open fires."[2] Metal forging appears to be a key turning point in the creation of significant air pollution levels outside the home. Core samples of glaciers in Greenland indicate increases in pollution associated with Greek, Roman and Chinese metal production,[3] but at that time the pollution was comparatively small and could be handled by nature. Urban pollution Air pollution in the US, 1973 The burning of coal and wood, and the presence of many horses in concentrated areas made the cities the cesspools of pollution. The Industrial Revolution brought an infusion of untreated chemicals and wastes into local streams that served as the water supply. King Edward I of England banned the burning of sea-coal by proclamation in London in 1272, after its smoke became a problem.[4][5] But the fuel was so common in England that this earliest of names for it was acquired because it could be carted away from some shores by the wheelbarrow. It was the industrial revolution that gave birth to...
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...little or not at all absorbed by the environment. which could be dissolved in water. Answer: C 2) Hcnr would the pollution for which the environment has some absorptive capacity be called? B) Fund pollutants. A) Raw D) Absorptive pollutants. C) Light pollutants. pollutants. Answer: B 3) What is the characteristic of Carbon dioxide from below? A) Could be absorbed by plan life and the oceans. B) Could be absorbed by lakes and oceans. C) Could be absorbed by rivers and lakes. D) Could not be absorbed anyhow. Answer: A 4) What should be the correct classification of pollutants from below? B) Liquid and solid solution. A) Natural and artificial. D) Horizontal and vertical. C) Sulphuric and carbonated. Answer: D 5) The "vertical zone" of influence could be described like what of following? A) The damage caused mainly by ground level concentration or an air pollutant or by concentrations in the upper atmosphere. B) The damage caused mainly by ground level concentration. C) The damage caused mainly by air pollutant in the lower atmosphere. D) The damage caused mainly by water. Answer: A 6) What would be the correct definition of "global pollutant" from below? Pollutant B) Pollutant C) Pollutant D) Pollutant Answer: A A) concentrated concentrated concentrated concentrated mainly mainly mainly mainly in upper atmosphere. in lower atmosphere. in the ground. in the water. 7) Which of the costs from below should be marginal...
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...chemicals or the amount of waste people dumped into the sea, the impacts would be irrelevant. Dumping into seas have even got the catchphrase: "The answer for contamination is weakening" (National Geographic, 2013) Effects Associated With Agriculture Toxins from horticulture have influenced the marine's biological community in ways that may not be reversible, and may likewise be gradually hurting waterways, streams, and waterfront waters. Pesticides and compost are two noteworthy segments that have irritated the marine's environment; both contain unsafe chemicals that can be perilous to living life forms in the water. Compost and pesticide keep running off from substantial ranches may have started blasts of marine green growth which may disturb the sea's biological community by creating monstrous sprouts in marine waters (Schwartz, 2005). Winds cause nitrogen and different supplements from the ocean bottom to surface, which advance the development of green growth called phytoplankton. Phytoplankton is a primary wellspring of nourishment for some living creatures in the marine waters. Farming toxins may have activated phytoplankton to deliver unsafe blossoms in tides, which are radiating noxious poisons to marine life. These noxious poisons are hazardous in light of the fact that the oxygen levels are step by step decreasing in waters, which may have fatal results for marine life (Schwartz, 2005). Aquaculture is the cultivating of sea-going organic entities, for example, fish, shellfish...
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...The Status of Water Pollution in Canada Water pollution in Canada as well as many parts of the world is becoming more of an issue as more waste leaches into water systems. By definition, water pollution occurs when discharges of energy or materials degrade water for other users (“Water pollution”, 2010). As populations continue to grow and more industries develop, pollution of marine and inland waters will continue to rise. There are six categories in which water pollutants are categorized. (“Water pollution”, 2010) Depending on the severity of the concentration, the water body may not be fit for human consumption. The categories in which water pollution are separated include: pathogens, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nutrients, toxic materials, acidification, temperature changes and controls (“Water pollution”, 2010). The awareness of water pollution should be brought more to the public’s attention as more water supplies are contaminated. Water pollution not only affects the human population, but the wildlife that thrives off the environment. The wildlife drinking contaminated water are suffering adverse health effects that could be further transferred to humans through hunting. Although programs exist to help lessen the affects of pollutants, not enough people are taking the matter seriously and contribute to littering our waterways with garbage. When water is being tested for pollution, there are six possible categories in which pollution...
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...I DIDN’T DO IT Abstract This report is comprised of the three primary values/virtues I believe an Ethical leader should poses in the modern business marketplace. 1. Diligence 2. Reliability 3. Forbearance With each of these values I have argued my position using examples of real life incidents where a single decision lead to tragedy. The research was conducted mainly through legally produced documents from each incidents inquiry into the events which caused each independent situation. I have used moral theory to relate these situations to modern business ethics, this gives practical application to ethical decision making and leadership skills. The summation of findings concludes that the values and virtues required of an ethical leader is far more extensive than I originally thought and is not limited to the primary three that I have chosen to argue. Major financial tragedies like the 2008 financial crisis, can only be attributed to unethical decision making. I believe there can be a definitive list, but not limited to, three primary value/virtues of an ethical leader. In the following report I intend to argue for what I believe to be the three values/virtues of leaders ( as section headings) who possess not great decisions making skills, but one step beyond that into ethical decision making skills. I will argue my position through a brief analysis of situations in which a single decision gave way to a multitude of unethical behaviours and even tragedy through...
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...Analysis of Sydney Tar Ponds and Coke Ovens Sites Remediation Project Environmental Assessment of 2005 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction1 2.0 Sydney Tar Ponds Environmental Assessment2 2.1 Critical Discussion4 3.0 Conclusions5 References7 Assignment Checklist9 AppendixI 1.0 Introduction The Sydney Tar Ponds in Nova Scotia are the result of lack of foresight by the Canadian government and the Dominion Iron & Steel Company Ltd. on the effects of the steel mills operations on the social, economic and environmental factors which affected the communities around the tar ponds. The Coke Ovens is a 68 hectare former industrial property bounded by residential and former industrial lands. It contains several watercourses including Coke Ovens Brook. From 1901 to 1988, various coke production plants operating on the site provided carbon and fuel for the nearby steel mill. Other industrial plants on the property used by-products from the coking operations to manufacture various commercial products. An estimated 560,000 tons (280,000 m3) of soil on the Coke Ovens is contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and metals. An additional 1,300 tons (1,000 m3) of PAH contaminated sediment is present in Coke Ovens Brook and 25,000 (12,500 m3) tons of contaminated soil is present in the in-ground tar cell (Griffiths et al. 2006). The main problem with the Sydney Tar Ponds was how the toxic waste material from the coke ovens (tailings)...
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...Native Americans Indians. No one is exactly sure how it all began but it is rumored that an Indian Chief of a tribe threw a tomahawk at a tree and when sap ran out of the tree his wife used the liquid to boil venison. Another story holds that American Indians stumbled on sap running from a broken maple branch. Maple Sap typically runs out of maple trees on days when the temperature is around 40 degrees following a night when the temperature dropped below freezing. Farmers would drill holes into the trees to allow the sap to drain. Every day or two the farmers would empty the buckets into larger containers and haul the watery substance to a "sugar house". The sap is about 98% water and it takes about 40 gallons of sap to make one gallon of maple syrup. The sugar makers would boil off most of the water over a wood fire and what remained was sweet brown syrup. Other sugar makers would heat the sap down even more turning it into crystallized sugar. In the modern era the process has developed to the point that the sugar industry produced evaporators that were in essence giant frying pans with fire boxes built underneath. Most serious sugar makers have even foregone the labor demanding buckets in favor of a tubing system. The holes drilled into sugar maples in early spring are made with a cordless drill. Sugar manufactures insert small plastic jets into the holes and connect the jets to large webs of plastic tubing that direct the sap into large tanks. A large number of these sugar...
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...which the compound is formed, enables it to be toxic to plants and wildlife (Cartage, 2012). The accidental spillage of oil is damaging to subsurface and surface organisms through the physical damage that is done to their habitat. The severity of an oil spill is contingent on two factors; whether it is petroleum or non-petroleum based and the general magnitude of the spillage which is typically measured in barrels or U.S. gallons. Oil is destructive to aquatic ecosystems since it interferes with animal membranes, disrupts the regulation of water controlled by fishes and inhibits metabolic activity (Environment Canada, 2011). Typically, wildlife is affected by oil since it gets sticky over time through weathering. This sticky oil induces hypothermia as oil destroys the waterproofing and insulation of their feathers (Australian Maritime Safety Authority, 2012). The ways in which oil spills damage mammals and birds is threefold; through contamination and destruction of food resources. Animals can be affected by oil through inhalation and ingestion. Vapors inherent in oil will denigrate a mammal’s central nervous system, liver, lungs. Additionally, when the oil is ingested, it may unable birds and mammals to properly digest their food as intestinal tracts become irreparably damaged. Even if a mammal has not directly been affected by the oil spill, the indirect effects can harm them, too. For instance, if a predator’s prey is affected by the oil damage, consumption of that prey will be...
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...Mitigation Strategies and Solutions SCI/275 Water Resource specifically Water Pollution is the water resource issue I selected for my Mitigation Strategies and Solutions. According to Encyclopedia.com (2010), water pollution “began in the nineteenth century as a result of urbanization, industrial development and modern agricultural practices.” Water Pollution is categorized as two sources Non-point source pollution which contributes to eutrophication in freshwater resource as a result of water pollution because usually this type of pollution results from “land runoff, precipitation, atmospheric deposition, drainage, seepage or hydrologic modification,” according to Epa.gov (2010). However, Point Source Pollution happens because the dumping of the sewage, garbage, ship oils, and other waste from human activity. These pollutants and toxins kill the ecosystem. These would be the negative human impacts. Additional effects are contaminated drinking water which can cause a variety of health problems such as, ear , eyes and throat irritation, aggravate symptoms of asthma and chronic bronchitis just to name a few. These pollutants are a threat to public health These effects from pollutants have damaging consequences on the drinking water supplies, fisheries, wildlife, and recreational use such as swimming. The growing human population is also a problem because the demand for water already exceeds the current water supply. As the human population continue to increase...
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...are about six names species names of it, salmonella enteritidis, and salmonella enteric which cause the human disease. Sources: www.cdc.ncided/dbmd/diseaseinfo www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfbmd/disease www.edu/imagepages/1048.htm www.idph.state.il.us/public/hb www.ndm.gov/medlineplus/ency/image Question 2: Salmonella bacteria can be found in food products such as raw poultry, eggs, and beef, and sometimes on unwashed fruit. Food prepared on surfaces that previously were in contact with raw meat or meat products can, in turn, become contaminated with the bacteria. This is called cross-contamination. Salmonella can become a chronic infection even if you do not have symptoms. In addition, though you may have no symptoms, you can spread the disease by not washing your hands before preparing food for others. In fact, if you know you have salmonella, health care experts recommend you do not prepare food or pour water for others until laboratory tests show you no longer carry Salmonella bacteria. http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/salmonellosis/pages/transmission.aspx A salmonella infection is a foodborne illness caused by the salmonella bacteria carried by some animals, which can be transmitted from...
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